Arathi Balan
Characterization of off-season bearing jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) - Vellayani Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture 2023 - 179p.
MSc
The study entitled ‘Characterization of off-season bearing jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus Lam.)’ was undertaken at the Department of Fruit Science, College of
Agriculture, Vellayani during the period September 2022 to July 2023. The primary
objective of the current study was to identify the superior types of off-season bearing
jackfruit and to evaluate the variations in their quantitative and qualitative characters.
The research approach centered around locating, conducting surveys, morphological
characterizations, recording the incidences of pest, disease and physiological disorders,
biochemical analysis and organoleptic evaluation of the flakes, to gain insights into the
diverse characteristics of the off- season-bearing jackfruit accessions.
A preliminary survey was conducted across different locations in Kasaragod,
Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Thrissur districts to identify off- season bearing
jackfruit accessions. Forty-four elite performing accessions were located and their fruits
were collected for biochemical analysis. The distributions of these selected accessions
were as follows: 18 accessions from Kozhikode, 14 from Malappuram, 7 from Kannur,
3 from Thrissur and 2 from Kasaragod. Observations were documented through the
examination of the agro-morphological characters of the tree, leaf, inflorescence, fruit,
seed and other yield contributing factors based on the IPGRI descriptor for jackfruit
(2000) and geo-tagging was also done.
An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was carried out using fifteen
key quantitative characters contributing to the yield. The results of the analysis
categorized the accessions into eight clusters based on the similarity of these
quantitative characters. Clustering of the accessions revealed that the elite ones with
desirable characters are present in cluster IV and cluster V.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using ten quantitative
characters influencing yield: fruit length (FRL), fruit diameter (FRD), fruit weight
(FRW), flake length (FLL), flake width (FLW), weight of flakes per kg of fruit
(WFPKF), weight of fresh flake without seed (WFFWS), flake to fruit ratio (FFR),
flake to seed ratio (FSR) and yield per tree (YPT). The ordination biplot results
identified YPT, FRL, FRW, FRD, WFPKF, FLL, FSR and FFR as the primary variables
contributing positively to PC1. In contrast, FLW and WFFWS were the variables
contributing negatively to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, the variables contributing positively
were FRL, FRD, FRW, YPT, WFFWS and FLW. While FSR, FFR, WFPKF and FLL
contributed negatively to PC2. MPM9 had the longest fruit (64cm), KZK16 had the
largest fruit diameter (28.648cm) and MPM1 had the heaviest fruit (16.1kg). KZK11
had the highest flake-to-seed ratio (1.909), while KZK5 and KZK7 had the highest
flake-to-fruit ratio (0.723). KZK5 and KZK7 also had the greatest weight of flakes per
kg of fruit (723g), and KNR3 had the highest weight of fresh flakes without seed (36g).
Accession KZK18 had the longest flake (7.9cm) and widest flake (5.8cm). The highest
yield was recorded in MPM9 (880 kg tree year-1).
PCA of biochemical parameters was carried out based on Total Soluble Sugars
(TSS), acidity (AY), TSS-acidity ratio (TAR), ascorbic acid (AA), reducing sugars (RS),
non-reducing sugars (NRS), total sugars (TS) and total carotenoids (TC). NRS, TS,
TSS, RS, TC, TAR and AA are identified as the most important variables positively
contributing to PC1. Whereas AY negatively contributed to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, AY,
NRS, TS, TSS and RS contributed positively, while TC, TAR and AA contributed
negatively. TSS (32°B) peaked in KSD2 and KZK9. Maximum acidity was found in
KNR5 and KNR7, while KZK9 exhibited the least acidity. KZK9 had the highest TSSAcidity ratio (264.463), followed by KZK18 (171.764). Ascorbic acid was most
abundant in KNR2 (22.430 mg/100g). KZK9 had the highest percentage of reducing
sugar (12.315%), and KNR6 had the highest percentage of non-reducing sugar
(13.939%). KSD2 ranked highest for total sugars (19.531%) and KSD1 had the highest
total carotenoid content (1276.667 μg/100g).
The organoleptic assessment of the flake was done using a hedonic scale rating
and statistical analysis was carried out using Kendall's and Kruskal-Wallis tests. KZK15
had the highest rank for appearance (8.6), MPM9 scored the highest for color (8.6) and
KZK1 had the highest score for flavor (8.6). Texture scores were highest for MPM13
(8.2). Accessions KZK5, KZK8, KZK9 and MPM7
scored 8.2 for taste. Overall acceptability scores were highest for KZK5, KZK8 and
KZK15 (8.2).
In this study, various jackfruit accessions were evaluated for their utility.
Accessions, such as KNR1, KNR3, KNR5, KNR6, and KSD1, were found to be suitable
for both table purposes and chips making. Other accessions like KNR2, KNR4, KNR7,
KZK1, KZK3, KZK5, and KZK11 were primarily identified for culinary use.
Accessions including KSD2, KZK2, KZK4, KZK6, KZK9, KZK10, KZK13, MPM3,
MPM4, MPM5, MPM8, MPM9, MPM11, MPM12, and TSR2 demonstrated dual
utility, serving both table purposes and culinary use. Additionally, specific accessions
like KZK7, KZK12, KZK15, MPM6, MPM7, MPM10, MPM13, and TSR1 were
specifically noted for their suitability in chips making.
The findings of this research highlight wide range of variations in both
quantitative and qualitative characters, as well as in biochemical and organoleptic
parameters among off-season bearing jackfruit accessions. This variability underscores
the potential for diverse applications and preferences in terms of fruit quality and
composition. Understanding these variations are crucial for further exploration and
utilization of off-season jackfruit germplasm, offering valuable insights for agricultural
practices, breeding programs, and meeting market demands during the lean season.
Further research and development in this area could contribute significantly for
enhancing the cultivation and commercial availability of off-season jackfruit varieties.
Hence, all the accessions found promising in this study need closer observation and
evaluation in subsequent years for future breeding purposes and crop improvement
programme
Fruit Science
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Jackfruit
634.1 / ARA/CH PG
Characterization of off-season bearing jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) - Vellayani Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture 2023 - 179p.
MSc
The study entitled ‘Characterization of off-season bearing jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus Lam.)’ was undertaken at the Department of Fruit Science, College of
Agriculture, Vellayani during the period September 2022 to July 2023. The primary
objective of the current study was to identify the superior types of off-season bearing
jackfruit and to evaluate the variations in their quantitative and qualitative characters.
The research approach centered around locating, conducting surveys, morphological
characterizations, recording the incidences of pest, disease and physiological disorders,
biochemical analysis and organoleptic evaluation of the flakes, to gain insights into the
diverse characteristics of the off- season-bearing jackfruit accessions.
A preliminary survey was conducted across different locations in Kasaragod,
Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Thrissur districts to identify off- season bearing
jackfruit accessions. Forty-four elite performing accessions were located and their fruits
were collected for biochemical analysis. The distributions of these selected accessions
were as follows: 18 accessions from Kozhikode, 14 from Malappuram, 7 from Kannur,
3 from Thrissur and 2 from Kasaragod. Observations were documented through the
examination of the agro-morphological characters of the tree, leaf, inflorescence, fruit,
seed and other yield contributing factors based on the IPGRI descriptor for jackfruit
(2000) and geo-tagging was also done.
An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was carried out using fifteen
key quantitative characters contributing to the yield. The results of the analysis
categorized the accessions into eight clusters based on the similarity of these
quantitative characters. Clustering of the accessions revealed that the elite ones with
desirable characters are present in cluster IV and cluster V.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using ten quantitative
characters influencing yield: fruit length (FRL), fruit diameter (FRD), fruit weight
(FRW), flake length (FLL), flake width (FLW), weight of flakes per kg of fruit
(WFPKF), weight of fresh flake without seed (WFFWS), flake to fruit ratio (FFR),
flake to seed ratio (FSR) and yield per tree (YPT). The ordination biplot results
identified YPT, FRL, FRW, FRD, WFPKF, FLL, FSR and FFR as the primary variables
contributing positively to PC1. In contrast, FLW and WFFWS were the variables
contributing negatively to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, the variables contributing positively
were FRL, FRD, FRW, YPT, WFFWS and FLW. While FSR, FFR, WFPKF and FLL
contributed negatively to PC2. MPM9 had the longest fruit (64cm), KZK16 had the
largest fruit diameter (28.648cm) and MPM1 had the heaviest fruit (16.1kg). KZK11
had the highest flake-to-seed ratio (1.909), while KZK5 and KZK7 had the highest
flake-to-fruit ratio (0.723). KZK5 and KZK7 also had the greatest weight of flakes per
kg of fruit (723g), and KNR3 had the highest weight of fresh flakes without seed (36g).
Accession KZK18 had the longest flake (7.9cm) and widest flake (5.8cm). The highest
yield was recorded in MPM9 (880 kg tree year-1).
PCA of biochemical parameters was carried out based on Total Soluble Sugars
(TSS), acidity (AY), TSS-acidity ratio (TAR), ascorbic acid (AA), reducing sugars (RS),
non-reducing sugars (NRS), total sugars (TS) and total carotenoids (TC). NRS, TS,
TSS, RS, TC, TAR and AA are identified as the most important variables positively
contributing to PC1. Whereas AY negatively contributed to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, AY,
NRS, TS, TSS and RS contributed positively, while TC, TAR and AA contributed
negatively. TSS (32°B) peaked in KSD2 and KZK9. Maximum acidity was found in
KNR5 and KNR7, while KZK9 exhibited the least acidity. KZK9 had the highest TSSAcidity ratio (264.463), followed by KZK18 (171.764). Ascorbic acid was most
abundant in KNR2 (22.430 mg/100g). KZK9 had the highest percentage of reducing
sugar (12.315%), and KNR6 had the highest percentage of non-reducing sugar
(13.939%). KSD2 ranked highest for total sugars (19.531%) and KSD1 had the highest
total carotenoid content (1276.667 μg/100g).
The organoleptic assessment of the flake was done using a hedonic scale rating
and statistical analysis was carried out using Kendall's and Kruskal-Wallis tests. KZK15
had the highest rank for appearance (8.6), MPM9 scored the highest for color (8.6) and
KZK1 had the highest score for flavor (8.6). Texture scores were highest for MPM13
(8.2). Accessions KZK5, KZK8, KZK9 and MPM7
scored 8.2 for taste. Overall acceptability scores were highest for KZK5, KZK8 and
KZK15 (8.2).
In this study, various jackfruit accessions were evaluated for their utility.
Accessions, such as KNR1, KNR3, KNR5, KNR6, and KSD1, were found to be suitable
for both table purposes and chips making. Other accessions like KNR2, KNR4, KNR7,
KZK1, KZK3, KZK5, and KZK11 were primarily identified for culinary use.
Accessions including KSD2, KZK2, KZK4, KZK6, KZK9, KZK10, KZK13, MPM3,
MPM4, MPM5, MPM8, MPM9, MPM11, MPM12, and TSR2 demonstrated dual
utility, serving both table purposes and culinary use. Additionally, specific accessions
like KZK7, KZK12, KZK15, MPM6, MPM7, MPM10, MPM13, and TSR1 were
specifically noted for their suitability in chips making.
The findings of this research highlight wide range of variations in both
quantitative and qualitative characters, as well as in biochemical and organoleptic
parameters among off-season bearing jackfruit accessions. This variability underscores
the potential for diverse applications and preferences in terms of fruit quality and
composition. Understanding these variations are crucial for further exploration and
utilization of off-season jackfruit germplasm, offering valuable insights for agricultural
practices, breeding programs, and meeting market demands during the lean season.
Further research and development in this area could contribute significantly for
enhancing the cultivation and commercial availability of off-season jackfruit varieties.
Hence, all the accessions found promising in this study need closer observation and
evaluation in subsequent years for future breeding purposes and crop improvement
programme
Fruit Science
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Jackfruit
634.1 / ARA/CH PG