Standardisation of grafting in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) (Record no. 161858)
[ view plain ]
| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 06590nam a22001697a 4500 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 635.6 |
| Item number | AKH/ST |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Akhila A N |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Standardisation of grafting in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | Vellanikkara |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2018 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 121p. |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE | |
| Dissertation note | MSc |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Abstract | The present study entitled ‘Standardisation of grafting in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.))’ was undertaken with the objectives of identifying the best rootstocks for grafting bitter gourd and watermelon, comparison of two grafting methods namely, hole insertion grafting (HIG) and tongue approach grafting (TAG) and evaluation of various cucurbitaceous rootstocks on survival, growth and yield of bitter gourd and watermelon. Bitter gourd (var. Preethi) and watermelon (var. Sugar Baby) were used as the scion materials for standardisation of grafting. Six different rootstocks namely ash gourd, bottle gourd, smooth gourd, pumpkin, oriental pickling melon and self rootstocks were used in the study. Grafting experiments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and 25 plants per replication. Field experiments were laid out in randomised block design (RBD) with three replications and three plants per replication. Based on days taken for germination and days to attain graftable size, sowing of rootstock and scion seeds were adjusted so that they attain grafting stage uniformly. Criteria for rootstock and scion to attain graftable size was based on hypocotyl thickness of stock and scion and its suitability for grafting operation. Pumpkin (9.99 days) and bottle gourd (10.43 days) took lesser number of days to attain graftable size due to larger diameter of hypocotyls (7.17 mm and 9.93 mm respectively). Even though OP melon took less number of days for germination, days taken to attain graftable size (17.57 days) was more due its slender hypocotyl (3.13 mm). To confirm the best stage of rootstocks for grafting, three age groups viz., 5-7, 10-12 and 15-17 days old rootstocks were used for grafting scions of age group 7-10 days. For ash gourd, smooth gourd and OP melon, optimum age group was from 10-12 days after germination while bottle gourd, pumpkin and bitter gourd had no significant difference in graft success among the age groups studied and all the age groups performed equally well. Grafting was not successful when watermelon was used as rootstock in all the three age groups. In terms of graft success, in HIG, for bitter gourd the best rootstock was smooth gourd (80.00 %) followed by pumpkin (77.00 %), bottle gourd (75.00 %), ash gourd (66.00 %), OP melon (56.00 %) and self rootstock (48.00 %) and for watermelon the best rootstock was bottle gourd (75.00 %) followed by smooth gourd (73.00 %), pumpkin (66.00 %), ash gourd (50.00 %) and OP melon (46.00 %). In TAG, graft success was not significant among the rootstocks in both bitter gourd and watermelon. On comparing the two grafting methods in terms of final graft success, HIG was superior to TAG. In bitter gourd and watermelon final graft success was 67.00 per cent and 62.00 per cent respectively for HIG while for TAG graft success was 15.17 per cent and 14.60 per cent respectively. Grafting done during the months of June, July and August gave higher graft success compared to May, September and October. Relative humidity had highly significant positive correlation with graft success while temperature had highly significant negative correlation. Anatomical studies of graft union revealed formation of necrotic layer in response to wound repair and proliferation of cells of rootstock and scion which is the stage prior to callus formation. Since the graft success and survival were very poor in tongue approach grafts, only hole insertion grafts were evaluated in the main field for studying the performance of various rootstocks. In bitter gourd, self rooted plants had highest survival rate (100.00 %) in the main field followed by plants grafted on smooth gourd (84.44 %) and bottle gourd (77.78 %). Plants grafted on bottle gourd showed earliness in terms of days to first male flower (28.45 days) and female flower (31.45 days) and days to first harvest (44.33 days) among the grafts and they were on par with self rooted control plants. Vine length, growth rate and number of primary branches were high in seedling plants and they were on par with plants grafted on smooth gourd. Plants grafted on ash gourd had fruit length of 21.03 cm which was on par with control plants. Among the grafts, highest fruit girth of 17.60 cm was noted in plants grafted on bottle gourd which was comparable to fruit girth of control plants (17.73 cm). Highest flesh thickness of 1.33 cm was noted in plants grafted on bottle gourd and self rooted control. Number of harvests per plant (10.67), crop duration (110.67 days) and total yield (3.30 kg) were higher in plants grafted on smooth gourd compared to self rooted control plants. In organoleptic evaluation, fruits obtained from plants grafted on bottle gourd was the most accepted one with a total score of 20.00, closely followed by fruits from grafts on pumpkin rootstock. Fruits were less bitter in grafts on bottle gourd and pumpkin compared to other grafts. In watermelon, survival rate was highest in plants grafted onto bottle gourd (79.99 %) followed by plants grafted on ash gourd (77.78 %) and smooth gourd (77.78 %). Least number of days to first female flower was noted in seedling plants (40.67) which was on par with plants grafted on ash gourd (42.33 days). Lower node to first female flower appearance was noted in control plants (21.00) followed by plants grafted on bottle gourd (22.97). The period of graft success did not coincide with the actual planting season of watermelon in Kerala and therefore the performance of grafts in the field was very poor. There was severe vine decline during reproductive stage of watermelon crop. Further research should focus on screening of rootstocks for pest and disease resistance, optimisation of graft healing conditions for year round production of grafted seedlings and optimisation of grafting time in watermelon such that it coincides with planting season in Kerala. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Olericulture |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Sarah T George (Guide) |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810145751 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | |
| Item type | Theses |
| Not for loan | Collection code | Permanent location | Current location | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not For Loan | Reference Book | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | Theses | 2018-09-25 | 635.6 AKH/ST | 174365 | 2018-09-25 | Theses |