Economic analysis of production, marketing and price behaviour of cocoa in Kerala (Record no. 289678)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 07424nam a22001937a 4500 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 630.33 |
| Item number | ANI/EC PG |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Anila V S |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Economic analysis of production, marketing and price behaviour of cocoa in Kerala |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | Vellanikkara |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2021 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 121p. |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE | |
| Dissertation note | MSc |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Abstract | Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the important plantation crops which is widely cultivated for its delicious beans. In India, cocoa is cultivated intensively in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The demand of cocoa is growing at 15 per cent every year but there is no corresponding increase in production. The present study entitled ‘Economic analysis of production, marketing and price behaviour of cocoa in Kerala’ analysed the major trends in area, production and productivity of cocoa in India and Kerala; examined the price behaviour of cocoa; estimated the economics of cocoa production; calculated the efficiency of marketing channels and identified the major constraints in production and marketing of cocoa. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. Idukki and Ernakulam districts were purposively selected for the study as these districts accounted for about 90 per cent and 10 per cent respectively of the area under cocoa in Kerala during 2018- 19. From Idukki district, 108 samples were selected and 12 samples were selected from Ernakulam district based on proportionate sampling, thus making the total sample size of 120. The data was also collected from 20 village traders, five wholesalers and three processors. The area under cocoa cultivation in India progressively increased from 11,900 ha in 1993-94 to 98,000 ha in 2019-20, resulting in a concomitant increase in production from 6,700 tonnes to 26,000 tonnes even with a decline in productivity from 0.6 t/ha to 0.4t/ha during the study period. In Kerala, the area increased from 10,500 ha in 1978- 79 to 13,891 ha in 2018-19, whereas the production increased from 500 tonnes to 13,400 tonnes during the same period. The productivity of cocoa in Kerala improved from 0.047 tonnes per ha in 1978-79 to 0.96 tonnes per ha in 2018-19. The development plans for cocoa implemented in 2005 under the National Horticultural Mission and the subsequent area expansion schemes implemented in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh during 2005-06 could be the major factors responsible for the increase in area under cocoa in India. The adoption of superior hybrids released by Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) by the farmers as well as the training programmes under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) in 2014 has resulted in improvement in production and productivity of cocoa in India. ii The trend analysis indicated that the prices of cocoa have witnessed a sustained increase in international markets during the period from 1980-81 to 2018-19. The analysis of the seasonal variations showed that the international prices remained comparatively low during the months of April and May and, the peak price was observed during September. The prices of cocoa in all the major markets of Kerala showed similarly increasing trend during the period from 2005-06 to 2021-22. The prices in Kerala were found to be the lowest during the months from August to October, while were highest during the months of April and May. The cyclical and irregular variations in prices of cocoa in international as well as Kerala markets were found to be insignificant. The establishment cost of cocoa was worked as ₹1,78,022 per hectare and ₹2,10,150 per hectare in Idukki and Ernakulam districts respectively. The weighted average establishment cost for cocoa was estimated as ₹1,80,813 per ha. The costs incurred during the early bearing, yield stabilising and yield declining phases were ₹50,904, ₹80,916 and ₹56,925 per ha per year in Idukki and, ₹36,925, ₹52,525 and ₹8,400 per ha per year in Ernakulam respectively. The aggregate maintenance cost for cocoa cultivation was worked out as ₹67,365. The total cost of cultivation for cocoa was estimated as ₹86,649 per ha. The cost of production for wet cocoa beans was found to be ₹70 per kg, while the cost of production for dry cocoa beans was estimated as ₹225 per kg. The efficiency of cocoa cultivation was analysed using the Cobb Douglas production function analysis and the cost incurred on plant protection chemicals, cost incurred on manures and age of the tree were found significantly influencing the returns from cocoa at one per cent level of significance. The ratio of MVP to price for manure was found to be 66.74, whereas for plant protection chemicals it was found to be 0.73 and this indicated that the plant protection chemicals were overutilised, whereas manure was underutilised in cocoa cultivation. Nearly 70 per cent of the farmers in the study area sold cocoa to the village traders, while 20 per cent of the respondents marketed the produce directly to the exporters. Eight major marketing channels were identified in the study area. The highest producer’s price of ₹180 was found in channel V and VII, whereas the lowest producer’s price of ₹35 was observed in channels II, III and VI. The marketing iii efficiency in all the channels under study were found to be very low due to high marketing costs incurred, increased marketing margins extracted by the intermediaries and the involvement of large number of intermediaries in the marketing of cocoa. The price spread was found to be the least while marketing cocoa as dry beans as compared to marketing as other processed cocoa products. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was found to be the highest in channel V and channel VII as compared to other channels, in which farmers were selling cocoa as dry beans. The high incidence of phytophthora was found to be the most serious constraint affecting the yield and returns from cocoa. The other major constraints included the damage caused by tea mosquito bug, attack of rodent and mammalian pests, yield decline due to climate change, difficulty involved in spraying operations and low price of the product. Provision of proper training for cocoa farmers; directing farmers to apply plant protection chemicals, manures and fertilizers as per recommended doses; arranging common drying facilities for farmers and setting up standards for grading and pricing are recommended to address the constraints faced by farmers. Also, if government procurement is done and MSP is announced, it will definitely help the farmers to earn stable and remunerative prices, which will in turn motivate the farmers to expand the area under cocoa cultivation. Farmers should be encouraged to form Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) so that the operations like spraying of plant protection chemicals, drying and processing can be carried out collectively and thereby help in lowering the cost. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Agricultural Economics |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Cocoa |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Theobroma cacao |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Anil Kuruvila (Guide) |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810192043 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | |
| Item type | Theses |
| Not for loan | Collection code | Permanent location | Current location | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Koha item type |
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| Not For Loan | Reference Book | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | Theses | 2022-07-12 | 630.33 ANI/EC PG | 175348 | 2022-07-12 | Theses |