Growth,green biomass production and crop interaction of selected trees and shrubs on wetland paddy bunds. (Record no. 291183)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 05414nam a22002417a 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | OSt |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 634.95 |
| Item number | ARY/GR PG |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Arya, C |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Growth,green biomass production and crop interaction of selected trees and shrubs on wetland paddy bunds. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | Vellanikkara |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Department of siviculture and agroforestry, college of forestry |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2023 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 149p. |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE | |
| Dissertation note | MSc |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Abstract | Rice, the staple food in Kerala, is experiencing a significant production deficit, with only one-fifth of the annual requirement being met. The key to enhancing rice production is improving the productivity of existing agricultural lands. Green leaf manuring offers a promising, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solution to enhance productivity. Traditional green leaf manuring practices have been abandoned in Kerala, primarily due to the scarcity of conventional green leaves and various constraints, including labour and transportation. However, a potential approach to rejuvenate this eco-friendly practice involves cultivating green manuring trees and shrubs in rice bunds and maintaining them as hedges through regular lopping. This study entitled “Growth, green biomass production and crop interaction of selected trees and shrubs on wetland paddy bunds” was carried out as two separate experiments: a field experiment in State Seed Farm, Mannuthi, Thrissur; and Survey and documentation in Ollukkara and Wadakkanchery blocks, Thrissur, Kerala, during 2022-23. The study aimed to evaluate the survival, growth and biomass production of green manuring trees and shrubs under ill-drained conditions of wetland paddy bunds and their effects on paddy. The study also envisaged surveying and documenting the indigenous knowledge, the current practices and the farmer’s perspective on green leaf manuring in paddy fields of Ollukkara and Wadakkanchery blocks in Thrissur district. In the first experiment, different tree species like Gliricidia, Garuga, Sesbania, Calliandra, Terminalia, mulberry, Gmelina, red gram and Cassia were planted in paddy bunds at spacing of 1m in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results indicated that most species established well initially, with some species showing exceptional growth and biomass production. Notably, Sesbania (5.45 kg plant-1 ), red gram (perennial) (4.10 kg plant-1 ), Gliricidia (3.26 kg plant-1 ), and Terminalia (2.54 kg plant-1 ) emerged as top performers in terms of annual biomass yield in the initial year of planting. At the same time, some species 144 had slower growth rates (Cassia and Gmelina) and lower survival rates (Garuga and Gmelina). Garuga had only 10% survival rate, hence found unsuitable for bund planting in paddy. Interaction studies of trees on paddy indicate that paddy growth and yield were not significantly influenced by bund planting in the initial year of tree growth. Soil properties of paddy, like pH and nutrient content, except the available nitrogen content, didn’t vary across various treatments. However, a noticeable decline in available nitrogen content was observed in paddy soils beneath mulberry, indicating its competitive nature. Tree species like Sesbania, red gram, Cassia, Terminalia and Gliricidia, which demonstrate robust productivity and resilience, are excellent choices for planting on wetland paddy field bunds. When scaled to hectare basis, around 2 to 2.5 t/ha/year green leaf can be harvested from 500 plants of Sesbania/red gram accommodated on bund length of 500 m/ha (bunds spaced at 20 m intervals in E-W direction), which can satisfy half of the recommended green leaf manure doses in paddy. The study also explored local farmers’ preferences and practices regarding green leaf manuring. Traditionally, more than 15 tree species were utilized for green leaf manure, primarily collected from forests (97.5% of farmers surveyed), with species like Terminalia paniculata, Terminalia bellirica and Mangifera indica being commonly employed. However, in the present scenario, the predominant supplementary manures include cow dung (95%), green manure (40%), and green leaf manure (preferably Gliricidia sepium and Mangifera indica) (70%). These green leaf manures are often sourced from home gardens (62.5%) and field boundaries (37.5%). Farmers have recognized the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers and demonstrated a strong interest in sustainable soil management. Despite this interest, several challenges like labour scarcity, high cost, land availability constraints, and transportation issues, hinder the widespread adoption of green leaf manuring practices. Encouragingly, approximately 80 per cent of farmers are interested in adopting green leaf manuring practices by planting green manuring trees in unused areas, boundaries, and bunds. To support this transition, 145 farmers actively seek technical support and subsidies from the Department of Agriculture Development and Farmer’s Welfares |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Rice production |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Green manuring and crop production |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Paddy bunds |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Agroforestry in paddy fields |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Siviculture and agroforestry |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Asha Raj, K (Guide) |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | |
| Item type | Theses |
| 546 ## - LANGUAGE NOTE | |
| Language note | English |
| Not for loan | Collection code | Permanent location | Current location | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not For Loan | Thesis | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | General | 2024-04-16 | 634.95 ARY/GR PG | 176006 | 2024-04-16 | Theses |