In-situ characterization and DNA profiling of selected genotypes of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) (Record no. 308610)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 06639nam a22002177a 4500 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 630.28 |
| Item number | MRI/IN PG |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Mrithyunjay Nandakumar |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | In-situ characterization and DNA profiling of selected genotypes of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | Vellanikkara |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2025 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 117,ip. |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE | |
| Dissertation note | MSc |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Abstract | Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), belonging to the family Leguminosae, is widely utilized in food, traditional medicine, cosmetics, and other industries. It is particularly valued for its acidic pulp as a souring agent. Despite its economic and ecological significance, research on its genetic variability, remains limited, especially in Kerala, the region harbouring unique primitive cultivars such as ‘valanpuli’ and sweet types like ‘madhurapuli’ and ‘thenpuli’. The present study which forms a part of the ongoing state plan was taken up in this background at COA, Vellanikkara during 2022-2025 with the objectives of in-situ characterization and DNA profiling of selected genotypes of tamarind. Thirty steady bearing tamarind genotypes located from three revenue blocks of Palakkad district of Kerala formed the material for the study. These genotypes were subjected to morphological, biochemical and molecular evaluation. The morphological evaluation based on 11 qualitative and 17 quantitative characters was done using the descriptors from established studies (Patil, 2004; Singh, 2010) and Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer's Rights Authority (PPVFRA,2017) guidelines. TSS, total sugar, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity and seed protein were estimated following standard procedures for biochemical characterization. Wide variability was observed among the accessions for all the quantitative traits. Variations expressed by the genotypes in terms of both pod and seed quantitative traits was also high. Among the genotypes, KTJ 166 was having the highest pod weight and pod length. The highest pulp percentage was observed in KTJ 162, while the highest real pulp value (RPV) was recorded in KTJ 164 (10.83). The biochemical characters viz., TSS, total sugar, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity and seed protein ranged from 46.35 to 85.97°B, 13.96-41 per cent, 7.59 - 13.27 per cent, 5.12 - 20.93 mg/100 g, 26.50 to 58.36 mg AAE/g and14.43 g/100 g to 19.87 g/100 g, respectively. The sugar-to-acid ratio in tamarind is a good way to differentiate between sweet and sour types. Two genotypes, KTJ 60 and KTJ 48, exhibiting acidity levels below 8 per cent, with total sugar content varying between 36.30-41.00 per cent showed a high sugar acid ratio representing sweet types. Based on organoleptic evaluation, the maximum score for overall acceptability was also obtained for KTJ 48 followed by KTJ 88 and KTJ 66. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on quantitative and biochemical characters resulted in five clusters. Clustering clearly separated KTJ 77 and KTJ 162 from other genotypes by placing them in cluster II and III, respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was observed for pod weight, pod length, pulp percentage, fibre percentage, seed weight, number of seeds per pod, TSS, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant capacity and total sugar. Pod weight, a crucial determinant of yield, demonstrated significant positive correlation with pod length (r = 0.94), RPV (r= 0.90) seed weight per pod (r = 0.94), and number of seeds per pod (r = 0.71). RPV demonstrated positive correlations with pod weight, pod length, pulp percentage, seed weight per pod and number of seeds per pod. TSS demonstrated a strong positive correlation with total antioxidant capacity. Conversely, titratable acidity exhibited a significant negative correlation with antioxidant capacity (r = -0.735). Principal Component Analysis (PCA), done for the purpose of clustering the accessions, revealed that the first three components explained 88.93 per cent of total variation. From the comprehensive evaluation of PCA analysis and clustering, four genotypes—KTJ 84, KTJ 164, KTJ 166, and KTJ 174—were identified as plus trees with high RPV, while KTJ 48 (41%), KTJ 60 (36.3%), KTJ 77 (39.52%), and KTJ 172 (36.5%) stood out for notable total sugar content. All 30 genotypes were initially screened with 39 random primers, of which all produced reproducible bands except ISSR-835, ISSR-815, (CT)₈T, and (GT)₈GC. The number of bands per primer ranged from 3 to 13, averaging 6.32. ISSR-29 generated the highest number of amplicons (368), while ISSR-22 produced the least (80). The highest polymorphism was observed in ISSR-22 (62.5%), followed by ISSR-18 (56.83%), and ISSR-2 (47.98%), whereas ISSR-30 had the lowest (4.11%). The UPGMA dendrogram generated via NTSYS-pc software using Jaccard similarity coefficients indicated high genetic similarity among accessions. At 60 per cent similarity, 30 genotypes clustered into five groups. KTJ 169 exhibited the greatest genetic distinction, forming an independent branch, indicating some genetic divergence. Among 18 shortlisted DNA markers, seven (ISSR-1(800bp) ISSR-2 (1000bp), ISSR-17 (600bp), ISSR-18 (525bp), ISSR-25 (625bp, 725bp), ISSR-26 (900bp), ISSR-34 (325bp)) effectively detected polymorphism, producing unique bands in KTJ 174, KTJ 51, KTJ 162, KTJ 172, KTJ 169, KTJ 164, and KTJ 89. ISSR 1 (550bp) differentiated KTJ 72 and KTJ 77, while ISSR-1 (700bp) and ISSR-6 (675bp) uniquely identified KTJ 48 and KTJ 60. ISSR-18 (625bp) separated KTJ 48, KTJ 60, and KTJ 170, and ISSR-24 distinguished KTJ 48, KTJ 60, and KTJ 174. ISSR-25 (525bp) effectively differentiated KTJ 48, KTJ 84, KTJ 164, and KTJ 168. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of tamarind genetic diversity through morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. Molecular markers identified in this study can facilitate further genetic studies and marker assisted selection in tamarind improvement programs. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the conservation and improvement of tamarind germplasm for future breeding programs. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Plant Breeding and Genetics |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | DNA |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Tamarind |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Tamarindus indica L. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Genotype |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Asna, A C (Guide) |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810226417 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | |
| Item type | Theses |
| Not for loan | Collection code | Permanent location | Current location | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not For Loan | Thesis | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | KAU Central Library, Thrissur | Technical Processing Division | 2025-08-02 | 630.28 MRI/IN PG | 176510 | 2025-08-02 | Theses |