Growth and reproductive performance of crossbred Heifer in selected areas
By: Rajeev R.
Contributor(s): Aravinda Ghosh K N (Guide).
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KAU Central Library, Thrissur Theses | 636.082 RAJ/GR (Browse shelf) | Available | 171434 |
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MVSc
Growth and reproductive status of crossbred heifers under
field condition were assessed and the role of calcium,
phosphorus, copper, zinc and manganese with reproductive
performance was evaluated with the aim of evolving suitable
corrective measures in cases of those with impaired
reproductive performance due to subnormal serum mineral
status.
One hundred and twelve heifers were subjected to repeated
gynaecoclinical examination. It was observed that there were
36.6 per cent true anoestrum, 19.6 per cent under developed
genitalia, 29.5 per cent normally cycling, 9.8 per cent repeat
breeders, 3.6 per cent suboestrum and 0.9 per cent bilateral
ovarian hypoplasia.
From the above heifers 89 were randomly selected and
classified based on the breeding history and repeated
gynaecological examination as 15 normally cycling (control),
41 true anoestrous heifers, 22 under developedgenitalia and 11
repeat breeders. The daily weight gain obtained was 55.05 ±
4.2 g, 32.26 ± 2.49 g, 27.33 ± 3.4 g and 24.1 ± 4.8 g. The
above result gave significant difference in weight gain
between control animals and other groups. The growth rate of
heifers might have influenced the normal reproductive
performance.
Serum samples drawn from 89 heifers were analysed for
calcium, inorganic phosphorus and trace elements namely
copper, zinc and manganese. Serum calcium and phosphorus were
estimated by employing spectronic-20, '\U'hile trace elements
were estimated through atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The serum calcium level obtained was 11.1 ± 0.31 mg%, 10.74 ±
0.13 mg%, 10.8 ± 0.2 mg% and 10.8 ± 0.42 mg% in normally
cycling, true anoestrous, under developed genitalia and repeat
breeding heifers respectively. The serum levels of all the
four groups were well within the normal range and no
significant variation among the groups. Hence the influence
of calcium on reproduction could not be established.
The serum inorganic phosphorus was 4.87 ± 0.13 mg% in
normally cycling heifers (control) as against 3.83 ± 0.09 mg%
for true anoestrous heifers, 3.52 ± 0.1 mg% for underdeveloped
genitalia and 4.7 ± 0.15 mg% for repeat breeders. The level
was significantly lower «0.05) in true anoestrous and
underdeveloped genitalia compared to control group. It can be
summarised that hypophosphataemia might be one of the cause
for true anoestrum and under developed genitalia.
Among the trace elements estimated the serum level of
copper only was found to be significantly varying among
normally cycling, true anoestrous and heifers with under
developed genitalia. The serum copper in control group
heifers registered a value of 1.26 ± 0.07 ppm which was
significantly higher (P
developed genitalia (0.71 ± 0.05) J e.)hile no statistical
significant variation obtained between serum value of repeat
breeders (1.27 ± 0.08 ppm) and the control group. It is
therefore reasonable to assume that hypocupraemia as evidenced
by lower serum value might have contributed to true anoestrum
and under developed genitalia condition and not with that of
repeat breeding condition.
°The serum zinc and manganese levels of control group were
1.71 ± 0.05 ppm and 0.04 ± 0.002 ppm respectively. The
corresponding values for the true anoestrum heifers were 1.61
± 0.03 ppm and 0.04 ± 0.002 ppm and for heifers with under
developed genitalia group were 1.6 ± 0.05 ppm and 0.04 ± 0.002
ppm respectively. These values did not vary significantly
from those of control group. The corresponding values for
repeat breeders were recorded to be 1.73 ± 0.06 ppm and 0.04
± 0.002 ppm which did not differ significantly from the
values obtained for control group.
The result of supplementation with dicalcium phosphate
and copper sulphate to the respective mineral deficient
heifers with true anoestrum and under developed genitalia
showed that the mineral supplementation could induce oestrum.
The serum mineral status comparison at different level of
feeding showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the serum
phosphorus level as well as copper level of moderate plane
group with that of low and poor plane groups. Hence the
effect of plane of nutrition on serum mineral status .could be
established in case of serum phosphorus and copper.
The soil level of calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc and
manganese found to be well within the normal range. The level
of exchangeable calcium and available phosphorus were ranged
0.11-0.12 per cent and 0.05-0.06 per cent respectively. The
available copper, zinc and manganese levels obtained were
ranged 4.43-4.5 ppm, 5.3-5.44 ppm and 96.34-99.7 ppm
respectively. The result showed that the soil mineral content
did not influence the serum mineral status.
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