MSc

A study on “Prevalence of hypertension and assessment of risk factors among agricultural labourers” was carried out among male and female labourers of Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur district. A total of 150 agricultural labourers were selected randomly for the study and were grouped as control (non hypertensive) and experimental groups (hypertensive).

The details on socio economic status, personal habits, working pattern, food consumption pattern and nutritional status were collected from the respondents.

Information regarding socio economic condition of the families revealed that most of the families in control and experimental groups were Hindus and belonged to forward caste with a family size of 4 to 6 members.

Educational status of respondents showed that majority in control and experimental groups were literates.

Most of the families in both control and experimental groups owned up to 10 cents of land. Majority of the families in both groups did not have kitchen garden and domestic animals. Monthly income of the families in both groups varied from Rs. 4000 to 10, 000. Maximum proportion of income was spent on food items. Majority of the families in both groups did not have the habit of saving money for future purposes. Most of the families in both groups borrowed money from different sources.

Most of the families in control and experimental groups had their own houses with brick as the wall material and tiles as the roofing material with 2 to 3 rooms. Drinking water, electricity, recreational and lavatory facilities were found to be satisfactory. Majority of the families in both groups used wood as source of fuel.
About 24 per cent of the male respondents in control and 64 per cent in experimental groups had the habit of smoking. About 12 to 24 per cent respondents in control group and 46 to 50 per cent of respondents in experimental group had the habit of tobacco chewing. Majority of respondents in both groups did not have the habit of taking regular physical exercise.

Majority of the respondents in both groups worked for 6 days in a week for 6 to 7 hours daily.

Most of the respondents in both groups were non vegetarians and consumed rice as their staple food.

The most frequently used food items were cereals, pulses, other vegetables, milk and milk products, fats and oils, sugar, salt, fish and spices and condiments in control group while in experimental group all the above food items except pulses were found to be the most frequently used food items.

Advance meal planning was popular in both groups with three meals a day pattern.

Majority of the respondents with hypertension used coconut oil for cooking and used pickle, pappad, dried fish and fried food items daily. None of the respondents neither included nor restricted food to control hypertension.

Grade 1 obesity was observed among 27 per cent of respondents in experimental group and 24 per cent in control group. Nearly 22 per cent respondents in experimental group and 16 per cent in control group were found to be at risk for obesity. Most of the male respondents had waist hip ratio less than 0.95 while 84 per cent females in experimental group had a waist hip ratio above 0.85.
One day food weighment survey indicated that the mean intake of all food items and all nutrients was lower than the recommended allowances in both male and female respondents.

About 53.68 per cent male and 49.8 per cent female agricultural labourers had stage 1 hypertension. Among the respondents with hypertension selected for the study 90 to 98 per cent of respondents also had stage 1 hypertension.

Type of family, family size, use of pickle, pappad, fried food items, smoking, tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, lack of regular physical exercise, personality traits, family history of hypertension, body mass index and waist hip ratio were identified as the risk factors for hypertension among agricultural labourers.