TY  - BOOK
AU  - Janmitha Shetty
AU  - Meagle Joseph P (Guide)
TI  - Determination of optimum maturity stage in mango (Mangifera indica L.) for fruit quality 
U1  - 631.56 
PY  - 2021///
CY  - Vellanikkara
PB  - Department of Post Harvest Technology, College Of Agriculture 
KW  - Post Harvest Technology
KW  - Mango
KW  - Mangifera indica L
N1  - M Sc
N2  - Mango (Mangifera indica L.), the national fruit of India is nutritionally rich in 
carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, iron, and phosphorus 
and hence known as the “King of fruits”. Mangoes are popular in markets worldwide 
because of unique flavour, appealing aroma, colour and taste (Arauz, 2000). In Indian 
subcontinent flowering of mango starts from November in Kerala and extends to 
February – March in Northern India. Mangoes from Kerala fetch higher price in the 
main markets at other parts of the country due to earliness. But commercial 
cultivation of mango in Kerala is limited to a few pockets in Palakkad district and the 
national varieties such as Alphonso, Banganapalli, Amrapali, Ratna and Mallika are 
occasional. The adaptation of different varieties to the climatic conditions prevailing 
fruiting and yielding behaviour of the varieties, production and post-harvest 
management practices followed by the growers, prevailing marketing system, are 
some of the problems of mango cultivation in Kerala. 
 Mango fruits gain acceptance and popularity among consumers when it is 
served with the correct ripeness. Mangoes harvested at full maturity had a shorter 
shelf life, but those harvested early had a higher weight loss but improved storability 
(Shahjahan et al., 1994). Maturity standards in relation to the quality of important 
commercial varieties have not been studied when grown under humid tropical 
conditions of Kerala. Hence a study on the “Determination of optimum maturity stage 
in mango (Mangifera indica L.) for fruit quality” was carried out at the Department of 
Post-Harvest Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala 
during 2019- 21 with the objective to find out the ideal harvesting stage of two 
important mango varieties viz. Ratna and Mallika for good organoleptic qualities and 
shelf life. 
The varieties of mango grown in the college orchard were utilized for the 
study. Flowers were tagged at the time of fruit set and observations on external 
appearance, peel, pulp colour, stone characters and biochemical changes were taken at 
90, 100,110 120 and 140 days after fruit set (DAFS) as per the IPGRI descriptor. Heat 
unit requirements for maturity were also studied, for determining optimum days for 
maturity. In case of mango cv. Ratna, 90, 100 and 110 DAFS are the three stages of 
growth and in cv. Mallika, 90, 110,120 and 140 DAFS are four stages of growth. 
Physical and biochemical characters were studied at different stages of growth. In 
mango cv. Ratna fruits harvested 110 DAFS with accumulation of 1107.75 HU 
recorded good quality attributes. Fruits harvested at this stage had attractive length 
(10.44 cm), diameter (26.1 cm), weight (358.8 g), firmness (1.40 kg/cm2
), specific 
gravity (1.03), stone length (7.49 cm), stone weight (10.68 g), TSS (21.12 ⁰brix), 
acidity (0.30 %), ascorbic acid (33.48 mg/100g), total sugar (19.04 %), total phenol 
(32.06 mg/100g), total carotenoid (14.65 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.88 mg/100g), crude 
fibre (2.59 %) and total chlorophyll (0.01 mg/100g) with a score of 8.00 in overall 
acceptability in sensory evaluation. 
In mango cv. Mallika fruits harvested 140 DAFS with accumulation of 
1507.00 HU was found to be good in quality attributes. Fruits harvested 140 DAFS 
had good length (14.80 cm), diameter (28.03 cm), weight (623.95 g), firmness (0.73 
kg/cm2
), specific gravity (1.05), stone length (11.83 cm), stone diameter (12.63 cm), 
stone weight (66.73 g), TSS (20.18 ⁰brix), acidity (0.73%), ascorbic acid (61.21 
mg/100g), total sugar (17.00 %), total phenol (47.5 mg/100g), total carotenoid (7.56 
mg/100g), β-carotene (0.03 mg/100g), crude fibre (3.44 %) and total chlorophyll 
(0.01 mg/100g) with a score of 8.25 in overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. 
Study on effect of maturity on ripening was done in the variety cv. Ratna at 
their mature stage. Fruits harvested at the optimum maturity stage (100 DAFS) and 
ten days prior to maturity stage (90 DAFS) were kept for ripening after giving five 
different pre-treatments, viz., control (T1), ethrel spray (T2), hot water dip with ethrel 
spray (T3), sanitization with ethrel spray (T4) and ozonisation with ethrel spray (T5). 
Treated fruits packed in ventilated CFB boxes were kept under ambient condition and 
observations were recorded at 3 days interval. PLW increased with increase in storage 
period resulted in decrease in shelf life because of more loss in weight but the TSS 
and sugar increased however storability was less. High ethylene evolution on 3 days 
after storage indicates that it is tending towards maturity and it lowers after 6 days of 
storage resulting in complete ripened stage. Thus it can be concluded that the fruits of 
mango cv. Ratna harvested 10 and 20 days prior to ripe mature stage can be stored for 
6 days under ambient conditions after giving pre-treatment consisting of Ozonization 
@ 200 ppm and ethrel spray @ 200 ppm
UR  - https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810185882
ER  -