TY  - BOOK
AU  - Rekha S 
AU  - Sulekha G R (Guide)
TI  - Improvement of in Vitro somatic embryogenesis in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
U1  - 635 
PY  - 1999///
CY  - Vellayani
PB  - Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture
N2  - Studies were conducted for improving techniques for in vitro 
somatic embryogenesis in cashew during 1996-1999 in the Plant Tissue 
Culture Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, College of 
Agriculture, Vellayani. Attempts were made to standardise the various 
stages of somatic embryogenesis, namely, induction, initiation, maturation 
and germination using nucellus and embryo mass as explants. 
Out of the two explants tried, nucellus responded better than 
embryo mass in initiating embryogenic callus/somatic embryoids. 
Induction of somatic embryogenesis from nucellus was found to occur 
at its maximum when cultured in darkness on MS basal medium having half 
strength major salts, supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l, BA 1.0 mg/l, NAA 
1.0 mg/l, sucrose 30.0 g/l, Activated charcoal 0.5 g/l and agar 6.0 g/l. 
The best treatment identified for the induction of embryogenic 
callus / somatic embryoids from embryo mass was MS basal medium 
supplemented with 2,4-D 4.0 mg/l, NAA 4.0 mg/l, kinetin 4.0 mg/l, 
adenine sulphate 40.0 mg/l, yeast extract 200.0 mg/l, PVP 250.0 mg/l, 
sucrose 30.0 g/l and agar 5.5 g/l, in dark culture condition at regulated 
temperature (26 ± 2°C). 
 
2 
Initiation of somatic embryoids from nucellus as well as embryo 
mass occurred at its best in darkness on MS basal medium supplemented 
with NAA 0.5 mg/l, kinetin 2.0 mg/l, adenine sulphate 40.0 mg/l, PVP 
250.0 mg/l, yeast extract 200.0 mg/l, sucrose 30.0 g/l and agar 5.5 g/l. 
. Among the treatments tried for inducing proper maturation of the 
somatic embryoids, the maximum survival of embryoids was recorded on 
a combination of basal media with Bs major salts and MS minor salts 
supplemented with ABA 1.0 mg/l, coconut water 200.0 mlll, casein 
hydrolysate 100.0 mg/l, PVP 10.0 g/l, sucrose 40.'0 g/l and agar 5.0 g/l. 
Culture conditions did not influence the maturation process of 
the somatic embryoids. 
Maturation process was not found to be essential in inducing 
normal germination of the somatic embryoids. The cultures showed good 
response when subcultured from initiation media to germination media 
without a maturation phase. 
Germination of somatic embryoids occurred only in the presence 
of light, on a combination of basal media with Bs major salts and MS 
minor salts supplemented with BA 1.0 mg/l, PVP 10.0 g/l, coconut water 
200.0 mlll, sodium chloride 0.1 per cent, cobalt chloride 10.0 g/l, sucrose 
50.0 g/l and agar 6.0 g/l. 


UR  - http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810103941
ER  -