TY  - BOOK
AU  - Sainudheen K 
AU  - Abraham C T (Guide)
TI  - Integrated weed management in Okra
U1  - 630 
PY  - 2000///
CY  - Vellanikkara 
PB  - Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture 
N2  - Field experiments were conducted during summer and kharif 
seasons of 1998 and 1999 at College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural 
University, Thrissur, with the objective of developing an integrated method for 
management of weeds, especially perennial weeds like Cynodon dactylon (L.) and 
Cyperus rotundus L. in okra. Broadspectrum herbicide glyphosate, solarization, 
smother croppmg with cowpea and monthly digging were compared with 
unweeded control in the summer season, for their effect on weeds. In the 
subsequent okra crop, during kharif season, different pre-emergence herbicides and 
farmer's practice of hand weeding were compared with black polyethylene 
mulching and unweeded control. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot 
design with three replications, taking summer season treatments as main plots and 
weed control methods in okra, as sub plots. 
Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus were the predominant 
perennial weeds in the field. Cyperus iria, Digitaria ciliaris, Dactyloctenium 
aegyptium, Eleusine indica and Ludwigia parviflora were the major annual weeds. 
In summer season.,) treatments solarization and glyphosate l.2 kg ha-1 
were very effective in reducing the weed problems. They also resulted in reduction 
in the underground vegetative propagules of perennial weeds. Solarization resulted 
in increasing the soil temperature by 8.5 and 6. 7°C at 5 and 1 0 cm depths 
respectively, during April. 
In the subsequent okra crop, black polyethylene mulching gave 
complete prevention of any weed problems. Among the other combinations, 
glyphosate 1.2 kg ha" (twice at 45 days interval) during summer season followed 
by metolachlor l.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 45 DAS in okra crop (in 1998) as well as 
solarization followed by pendimethalin l.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 45 DAS (in 1999). 
 
The total returns was higher ill plots which received polyethylene 
mulching in the okra crop, irrespective of main plot treatments given in the 
summer season. Among them, highest total return was obtained from glyphosate 
1.2 kg ha-I in the summer season followed by polyethylene mulching in okra crop 
(Rs.31,704 ha"), followed by solarization followed by black polyethylene 
mulching (Rs.30,594 ha"). However, the highest return per rupee invested on weed 
control was obtained from combinations of metolachlor 1.0 kg ha" (in okra) with 
glyphosate 1.2 kg ha" in summer season (Rs.2.41), solarization (Rs.2.28) and that 
of glyphosate 0.8 kg ha'. But all the combinations of weedy control in summer 
season, except that of polyethylene mulching resulted in loss as far as the cost of 
weed control and the total cost is concerned. 


UR  - http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810104206
ER  -