TY  - BOOK
AU  - Katakam Rupini Krishna
AU  - Nisha, M S (Guide)
TI  - Biomanagement of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne  incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood - wilt fungus,  Fusarium oxysporum disease complex in vegetable  cowpea
U1  - 592.57 
PY  - 2021///
CY  - Vellayani
PB  - Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture 
KW  - Nematology
KW  - Meloidogyne  incognita
KW  - Wilt fungus
KW  - Fusarium oxysporum
N1  - M Sc
N2  - The study entitled „Biomanagement of root knot nematode, 
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood - wilt fungus, Fusarium
oxysporum disease complex in vegetable cowpea‟ was conducted at 
Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 
Thiruvananthapuram during 2019-2021. The objectives were to study the 
interaction between M. incognita and F. oxysporum and to evaluate the 
efficacy of biofumigation, biocontrol agents and organic amendments in the 
management of nematode - fungus disease complex in vegetable cowpea.
An pot culture experiment was laid out in completely randomized 
design to study the interaction between M. incognita and F. oxysporum and 
their effect on nematode multiplication, disease incidence and growth 
parameters in vegetable cowpea. In Interaction study, the treatments were M. 
incognita alone, F. oxysporum alone, simultaneous inoculation of M. incognita
and F. oxysporum, M. incognita + F. oxysporum one week after nematode 
inoculation, F. oxysporum + M. incognita one week after fungus inoculation 
and uninoculated control. M. incognita was inoculated @ one J2 g soil-1
and F. 
oxysporum mass multiplied in sand maize medium (20×107
cfu g-1
) was mixed 
in soil @ 500 g in different intervals. The results unveiled that highest 
cohabitation of both the pathogens was observed when M. incognita was 
inoculated seven days prior to F. oxysporum inoculation with lowest shoot 
length (11.15 cm) and root length (9.26 cm). Meanwhile, lowest number of 
nodules 5 g root-1
(14.00) was recorded in plants treated with M. incognita
alone. Highest reproduction factor of 1.67 was observed in M. incognita alone 
followed by M. incognita + F. oxysporum one week after nematode 
inoculation (1.14). Similar trend was observed in number of galls, egg masses 
and eggs per egg mass. Highest (100.00%) and early (23 days) disease 
incidence was recorded in plants inoculated with M. incognita + F. oxysporum 
one week after nematode inoculation 
120
Field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biofumigation 
using crop residues of cauliflower, bioagents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, 
Trichoderma viride, Purpureocillium lilacinun) and organic amendment 
(neem cake) in comparison to chemical (Fluopyram 400 SC). The experiment
was laid out in CRD with eight treatments and three replications. Variety used 
was Vellayani Jyothika. All treatments showed statistically significant 
reduction in nematode population in comparison with control. Among the non 
chemical methods, P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 
showed maximum reduction in nematode population in soil (88.68 per cent 
over control) and root (83.68 per cent over control). Lowest reproduction 
factor was recorded in chemical (0.14) followed by P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg 
seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 (0.30), T. viride enriched FYM @ 20 g m
-2
(0.69) and P. lilacinum enriched FYM @ 20 g m
-2
(0.70). Similar trend was 
observed in the case of number of galls also. Effect of P. fluorescens @ 10 g 
kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 found to be equally effective to P. 
lilacinum enriched FYM @ 20 g m
-2
in reducing number of egg masses and 
eggs per egg mass giving 52.51 to 76.74 per cent reduction over control. 
Lowest disease incidence (27.76 %) was recorded in fluopyram 400 SC @ 250 
g a.i. ha-1
, P.fluorescens@ 10 g kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 and T. 
viride enriched FYM @ 20 g m-2
. Regarding biometric characters (shoot 
length, fresh and dry shoot weight, root length, fresh and dry root weight) and 
yield, effect of P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 
was 
statistically on par with chemical fluopyram giving 56.81 to 76.90 per cent 
increase over control. Highest number of nodules (87.00 5 g root-1
) was 
observed in P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2 and it 
was significantly superior to all other treatments. 
From this study, it was concluded that highest interactive effect 
between nematode and fungus was recorded when M. incognita inoculated 
seven days prior to F. oxysporum inoculation.Application of P. fluorescens @ 
10 g kg seed-1
+ neem cake @ 100 g m-2
can be recommended for 
121
management of M. incognita and F. oxysporum disease complex in organic 
cultivation of cowpea
ER  -