TY  - BOOK
AU  - Omal Surya Souraph S
AU  - Swapna  Alex (Guide)
TI  - Technology development for incorporation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles on naturality dyed fabrics
U1  - 660.6 
PY  - 2023///
CY  - Vellayani
PB  - Department of molecular biology and biotechnology, college of agriculture
KW  - Mordanting treatment
KW  - Antimicrobial activity
KW  - Silver nanoparticles
KW  - Molecular biology and biotechnology
N1  - BSc -MSc
N2  - Technology development for incorporation of green synthesized silver 
nanoparticles on naturally dyed fabrics
The study entitled “Technology development for incorporation of green 
synthesized silver nanoparticles on naturally dyed fabrics” was conducted in the 
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at College of Agriculture, 
Vellayani with an objective to develop a technology for the incorporation of green 
synthesized silver nanoparticles and natural pigments from Aerva lanata L. for 
imparting antimicrobial property and colour to fabrics and standardization of pigment 
extraction from callus. 
Fresh leaves of Aerva lanata collected from Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute, 
Papanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram were used for pigment extraction via boiling 
method. The extract was used for dyeing of bleached white cotton fabric after scouring. 
Dyeing was carried out by wet dipping method using different mordants (10% alum, 
1% stannous chloride) and biomordants (5% seed extract of Terminalia chebula, 100% 
banana pseudostem sap) and the fabric after drying was subjected to computer colour
matching. The colour of the dyed fabric was identified as Earl’s green for metallic 
mordants and Olive green and Wild willow for Terminalia chebula and banana 
pseudostem sap respectively. 
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using leaf extract of Aerva 
lanata and confirmed using UV-Visible spectroscopy at 420 nm. Silver nanoparticles 
were incorporated into the dyed fabric by different methods viz., direct incorporation, 
in-situ synthesis, direct incorporation along with chitosan and in-situ synthesis along 
with chitosan and the antimicrobial activity of the fabric was tested by agar diffusion 
method. Naturally dyed fabric without silver nanoparticles served as control. Colour 
fastness of the fabric and durability of antimicrobial activity were tested after 
consecutive 5, 10 and 20 washing cycles. 
All fabrics incorporated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles by direct 
incorporation and in-situ method exhibited antimicrobial activity. Mordant used did not 
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affect the antimicrobial activity exhibited by silver nanoparticles incorporated by direct 
method, while in in-situ method, fabrics treated with biomordants showed an increased 
antimicrobial activity. Fabrics treated by direct incorporation retained the original dye 
colour while in-situ treated fabrics exhibited shades of golden brown colour. 
Incorporation of silver nanoparticles in both direct and in-situ methods along with 
chitosan treatment did not show antimicrobial activity in the agar diffusion test which 
may be due to superhydrophobicity.
Durability of antimicrobial fabrics was maximum for in-situ incorporated fabric 
biomordanted with Terminalia chebula and the presence of silver nanoparticles in the 
fabric was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Cent percent callus induction was observed from nodal segments of Aerva lanata
within four weeks in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 
BA and 0.2 mg/l IAA and reddish pink colour development was observed within seven 
weeks. Pigment extraction was done by cold extraction and soxhlet extraction using 
methanol as solvent and subjected to column chromatography and the UV-visible 
spectrum of the different fractions were compared. Absorption at 550 nm was higher 
for the extract prepared by cold extraction method indicating a higher content of 
anthocyanin. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy 
(UHPLC-MS) of the crude methanolic extract of the callus showed the presence of 
compounds such as 7-methylaromadendrin, canthin-6-one, and 5-methoxycanthin-6-
one which are also reported in the plant. However, other compounds such as dalspinin 
and O,O'-(4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3,3‘-lene)di(glycollic acid) were also present in the 
callus extract which are not reported in the plant. 
To conclude, fabrics with durable antimicrobial property could be developed by insitu incorporation of silver nanoparticles after biomordanting followed by natural 
dyeing using Aerva lanata in an eco-friendly manner. This is the first report of in-situ
incorporation of silver nanoparticles on naturally dyed fabric for antimicrobial activity. 
Callus of Aerva lanata has potential for pigment extraction for natural dyeing process

ER  -