000			05002nam a22002057a 4500
999			_c289321 _d289321
082			_a630 _bSEE/EC PG
100			_aSeethal Rose Chacko
245			_aEco-friendly weed management in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
260			_aVellayani _bDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture _c2021
300			_a128p.
502			_aM Sc
520			_aThe study entitled “Eco-friendly weed management in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) was carried out during the period 2019-2021, at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala with an objective to find out a cost -effective ecofriendly weed management practice for okra. The field experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during Rabi 2020 (November 2020- March 2021). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were combinations of two factors, first factor being seedbed preparation (S), viz., stale seedbed (S1) and normal seedbed (S2) and second factor, weed management practices (W) viz., dried banana leaf mulch @ 10 t ha-1 alone (W1), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb mechanical weeding (MW) with wheel hoe weeder (WHW) at 30 DAS and 45 DAS (W2), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb hand weeding (HW) at 30 and 45 DAS (W3), MW with WHW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4), HW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W5) and weedy check (W6). The variety used for the study was Anjitha. Results of the experiment revealed that seedbed preparation had significant influence on growth parameters, physiological parameters, yield attributes and quality parameters in okra and higher values were recorded in SSB. At 15, 30 and 60 DAS, lower total density of weeds (30.44, 90.67 and 35.67 no. m-2 ), weed dry weight (0.139, 4.57 and 7.81 g m-2 ) and higher weed control efficiency (WCE) (80.20, 89.46 and 81.33%) were recorded in SSB compared to normal seedbed. The highest nutrient uptake by crop, dehydrogenase enzyme activity at 60 DAS and urease enzyme activity at 15, 30 and 60 DAS and the lowest nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS were recorded in SSB. Higher net income (54,520 ₹ ha-1 ) and B:C ratio (1.69) were recorded in SSB compared to normal seedbed (non-stale). 142 Higher values for growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, dry matter production and physiological parameters such as LAI, total chlorophyll content at 60 DAS and CGR at 30-60 DAS time interval were recorded in MW with WHW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4). However, the treatment W5 (HW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS) resulted in the highest total chlorophyll content at 30 DAS and W2 (dried banana leaf mulch @ 10 t ha-1 fb MW at 30 and 45 DAS) resulted in the highest CGR during 60 DAS-final harvest. Mechanical weeding with WHW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS recorded greater number of fruits per plant (38.8 no. per plant), higher fruit girth (6.36 cm), fruit length (15.20 cm), fruit weight (6.98 g), dry haulm yield per plant (63.51 g), dry haulm yield per hectare (2353 kg ha-1 ), fruit yield per plant (0. 270 kg) and fruit yield per hectare (4412 kg ha-1 ) and the lowest weed index. Quality parameters such as crude protein and ascorbic acid content was higher in treatment W2 (dried banana leaf mulch @ 10 t ha-1 fb MW at 30 and 45 DAS). The lowest total weed density at 60 DAS (26.67 no. m-2 ), the lowest total weed dry weight at 30 and 60 DAS (2.48 and 2.54 g m-2 , respectively) and the highest WCE at 30 and 60 DAS (92.28 and 93.86 %, respectively) were recorded in MW with WHW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4). The highest nutrient uptake by crop and the lowest nutrient removal by weeds was recorded in the treatment W4. The highest net income (97,804 ₹ ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (2.24) were recorded in W4 (MW with WHW at 15, 30 and 45 DAS). Interaction between seedbed preparation and weed management practice was significant only for plant height at 60 DAS and final harvest, DMP at 30 and 60 DAS, LAI at 60 DAS and CGR at 30-60 DAS and total weed density, weed dry weight, WCE and nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS. Stale 143 seedbed fb MW with WHW resulted in the lowest total weed dry weight and the lowest nutrient removal by weeds. Considering the growth, yield, weed control efficiency, nutrient removal by weeds, nutrient uptake by crop and economics, it could be concluded that in SSB or in normal seedbed (non-stale), mechanical weeding with wheel hoe weeder at 15, 30 and 45 DAS could be adjudged as the best ecofriendly weed management practice for higher yield and net income in okra.
650			_aAgronomy
650			_aWeed management
650			_aOkra
650			_aAbelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
700			_aSheeja K Raj
856			_uhttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810217026
942			_2ddc _cTH