000			06885nam a22001817a 4500
999			_c291385 _d291385
082			_a634.1 _bARA/CH PG
100			_aArathi Balan
245			_aCharacterization of off-season bearing jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)
260			_aVellayani _bDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture _c2023
300			_a179p.
502			_aMSc
520	3		_aThe study entitled ‘Characterization of off-season bearing jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)’ was undertaken at the Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period September 2022 to July 2023. The primary objective of the current study was to identify the superior types of off-season bearing jackfruit and to evaluate the variations in their quantitative and qualitative characters. The research approach centered around locating, conducting surveys, morphological characterizations, recording the incidences of pest, disease and physiological disorders, biochemical analysis and organoleptic evaluation of the flakes, to gain insights into the diverse characteristics of the off- season-bearing jackfruit accessions. A preliminary survey was conducted across different locations in Kasaragod, Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Thrissur districts to identify off- season bearing jackfruit accessions. Forty-four elite performing accessions were located and their fruits were collected for biochemical analysis. The distributions of these selected accessions were as follows: 18 accessions from Kozhikode, 14 from Malappuram, 7 from Kannur, 3 from Thrissur and 2 from Kasaragod. Observations were documented through the examination of the agro-morphological characters of the tree, leaf, inflorescence, fruit, seed and other yield contributing factors based on the IPGRI descriptor for jackfruit (2000) and geo-tagging was also done. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis was carried out using fifteen key quantitative characters contributing to the yield. The results of the analysis categorized the accessions into eight clusters based on the similarity of these quantitative characters. Clustering of the accessions revealed that the elite ones with desirable characters are present in cluster IV and cluster V. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using ten quantitative characters influencing yield: fruit length (FRL), fruit diameter (FRD), fruit weight (FRW), flake length (FLL), flake width (FLW), weight of flakes per kg of fruit (WFPKF), weight of fresh flake without seed (WFFWS), flake to fruit ratio (FFR), flake to seed ratio (FSR) and yield per tree (YPT). The ordination biplot results identified YPT, FRL, FRW, FRD, WFPKF, FLL, FSR and FFR as the primary variables contributing positively to PC1. In contrast, FLW and WFFWS were the variables contributing negatively to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, the variables contributing positively were FRL, FRD, FRW, YPT, WFFWS and FLW. While FSR, FFR, WFPKF and FLL contributed negatively to PC2. MPM9 had the longest fruit (64cm), KZK16 had the largest fruit diameter (28.648cm) and MPM1 had the heaviest fruit (16.1kg). KZK11 had the highest flake-to-seed ratio (1.909), while KZK5 and KZK7 had the highest flake-to-fruit ratio (0.723). KZK5 and KZK7 also had the greatest weight of flakes per kg of fruit (723g), and KNR3 had the highest weight of fresh flakes without seed (36g). Accession KZK18 had the longest flake (7.9cm) and widest flake (5.8cm). The highest yield was recorded in MPM9 (880 kg tree year-1). PCA of biochemical parameters was carried out based on Total Soluble Sugars (TSS), acidity (AY), TSS-acidity ratio (TAR), ascorbic acid (AA), reducing sugars (RS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), total sugars (TS) and total carotenoids (TC). NRS, TS, TSS, RS, TC, TAR and AA are identified as the most important variables positively contributing to PC1. Whereas AY negatively contributed to PC1. Similarly, for PC2, AY, NRS, TS, TSS and RS contributed positively, while TC, TAR and AA contributed negatively. TSS (32°B) peaked in KSD2 and KZK9. Maximum acidity was found in KNR5 and KNR7, while KZK9 exhibited the least acidity. KZK9 had the highest TSSAcidity ratio (264.463), followed by KZK18 (171.764). Ascorbic acid was most abundant in KNR2 (22.430 mg/100g). KZK9 had the highest percentage of reducing sugar (12.315%), and KNR6 had the highest percentage of non-reducing sugar (13.939%). KSD2 ranked highest for total sugars (19.531%) and KSD1 had the highest total carotenoid content (1276.667 μg/100g). The organoleptic assessment of the flake was done using a hedonic scale rating and statistical analysis was carried out using Kendall's and Kruskal-Wallis tests. KZK15 had the highest rank for appearance (8.6), MPM9 scored the highest for color (8.6) and KZK1 had the highest score for flavor (8.6). Texture scores were highest for MPM13 (8.2). Accessions KZK5, KZK8, KZK9 and MPM7 scored 8.2 for taste. Overall acceptability scores were highest for KZK5, KZK8 and KZK15 (8.2). In this study, various jackfruit accessions were evaluated for their utility. Accessions, such as KNR1, KNR3, KNR5, KNR6, and KSD1, were found to be suitable for both table purposes and chips making. Other accessions like KNR2, KNR4, KNR7, KZK1, KZK3, KZK5, and KZK11 were primarily identified for culinary use. Accessions including KSD2, KZK2, KZK4, KZK6, KZK9, KZK10, KZK13, MPM3, MPM4, MPM5, MPM8, MPM9, MPM11, MPM12, and TSR2 demonstrated dual utility, serving both table purposes and culinary use. Additionally, specific accessions like KZK7, KZK12, KZK15, MPM6, MPM7, MPM10, MPM13, and TSR1 were specifically noted for their suitability in chips making. The findings of this research highlight wide range of variations in both quantitative and qualitative characters, as well as in biochemical and organoleptic parameters among off-season bearing jackfruit accessions. This variability underscores the potential for diverse applications and preferences in terms of fruit quality and composition. Understanding these variations are crucial for further exploration and utilization of off-season jackfruit germplasm, offering valuable insights for agricultural practices, breeding programs, and meeting market demands during the lean season. Further research and development in this area could contribute significantly for enhancing the cultivation and commercial availability of off-season jackfruit varieties. Hence, all the accessions found promising in this study need closer observation and evaluation in subsequent years for future breeding purposes and crop improvement programme
650			_aFruit Science
650			_aArtocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
650			_aJackfruit
700			_aBindu, B (Guide)
942			_2ddc _cTH