Improvement on the techniques for the cultivation and preservation of tropical species of mushrooms

Abstract

Intensive collections made from certain selected areas of Kerala yielded a total of eight species of Pleurotus, one species each of Volvariella and Tricholoma, namely V. esculenta and T. lobayense respectively from the native flora. Various species collected were identified and based on the preliminary observations made on their adaptability for large scale cultivation, among the Pleurotus two species have been selected for detailed study along with the other standard cultures procured from various mushroom research centres of the country. The native isolate of T. lobayense in the present study is the first record of the species from Kerala. Detailed studies have been done on various aspects of cultivation of pleurotus spp. With a view to improve the already known technologies so as to suit the conditions of Kerala. The two native species of pleurotus selected have been domesticated and compared with other standard cultures on their performance. Based on the observations made in the seasonal influence, yield and market qualities the species most suited for large scale cultivation in Kerala have been identified. Alternative local substrates for cultivation of oyster mushrooms have been identified and their processing technology standardized. Effective nutritional supplements for increased yield, method for speedy induction of sporocarp, after care method for the once harvested beds for further flushes, effective method for cultivation etc. have been worked out for large scale cultivation of Pleurotus spp. In Kerala. Commonly available low cost substrates in spawn production have been identified and their technologies standardized. Influence of light on spawn growth, influence of storing environment on growth and shelf life of spawn etc. have been studied. Technology for preparation of an instant liquid spawn developed and also a modified method for speedy and low cost production of spawn using polypropylene cover as the container has been standardized. The effect of coconut milk in blending culture media for enhanced growth of various Pleurotus spp. and the effect of coconut milk in their biomass production have been proved. In the strain improvement programme, a substrate influenced mutant of Pleurotus sajor-caju for better yield, a resistant/tolerant strain against the most destructive weed mould Trichoderma viride and an interstock hybrid with desirable traits have been developed. Type of pests and their control etc. have been worked out. The effect of chemical pasteurization of the substrates on checking the weed mould infestation during spawn run and the use of lime powder for spot treatment of beds in the management of T. viride have been proved. Post harvest technology for preservation of both raw and dehydrated forms of mushrooms has been standardized. The native strains of other tropical mushrooms locally collected namely V. esculenta and T. lobayense have been identified based on the detailed description of the same. The performance of the native strain, V. esculenta under cultivation has been compared with that of the standard species, V. volvacea and a technique for cultivation of T. lobayense has been standardized for first time in this part of the country.