Screening medicinal plants for antihelminthic properties against different life stages of banana burrowing nematode radopholus similis [Cobb,1893] thorne 1949

Abstract

Experiments were conducted at the department of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara to screen medicinal plants for antihelminthic properties against the infective stages of banana burrowing nematode R. similis. The effect of aqueous extract of different parts of 20 medicinal plants were treated at four dilutions and three exposure times. Nematicidal and nematostatic properties of these extracts were studied using the nematode culture developed on carrot callus. The study resulted in the following findings. 1. Extracts of A. indica and G. pentaphylla were highly nematicidal to infective stages of the nematode at all the tested doses. K. pinnata was significantly effective at all the tested doses except 1:40. P. longum resulted in significant mortality at all the tested doses against larval stages whereas only 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions were effective against adult stages.

Besides nematicidal effect 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions of G. pentaphylla and K. pinnata exhibited nematostatic effects. 2. Leaf extract of M. oleifera and M. piperita at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions showed significant nematostatic effects against both larvae and adults. P. betle extract was equally effective at the three dilutions. 3. Leaf extracts of C. angustifolia, A. squamosa and L. inermis were not effective at all tested doses. 4. Fruit extract of M. azedarach was nematicidal at all the tested dilutions of 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40. But extract of C. papaya was ineffective. 5. Seed extract of C. viscosa expressed nematostatic property at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions against adult stages, but it was ineffective against larval stages. Treatment with seed extract of E. scandens was ineffective. 6. Rhizome extract of C. rotundus was equally effective against infective stages in causing mortality at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions. Besides nematicidal effects, the extract exhibited significant nematostatic effect. A. calamus extract was nematostatic at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions. 7. Root extract of I. tinctoria was nematostatic at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions against both larvae and adults. In addition to immobility, it resulted in the death of adult nematodes at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions. Extract of S. indicum showed significant nematostatic effect at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions against larval stages. But it was effective only at 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions against adult stages. 8. Plant extract of E. hirta expressed nematicidal property at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions against larval stages, but the same was effective only at the two lower dilutions against adult stages