Abstract:
Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) is a
highly remunerative legume vegetable of Kerala. Due to climate change and
erratic rainfall, in summer season the crop growth and pod production is heavily
affected by moisture stress. Development of high yielding varieties of yard long
bean with drought tolerance is essential for its sustainable production. In this
context, the present study entitled "Gene action and gene expression analysis in
yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for drought
tolerance" was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,
College of Agriculture, Vellayani, with an objective to identify drought tolerant
genotype from the available germplasm and to understand the nature and
magnitude of gene action and gene expression involved in the inheritance of
drought tolerance in yard long bean.
The study comprised four experiments. First experiment dealt with the
seedling stage evaluation of 100-yard-long bean genotypes for drought tolerance
in field. The moisture stress was imposed by withholding irrigation and later
irrigation was restored in order to ensure the survival of the tolerant lines. The
results of the analysis showed significant variations among genotypes. Out of the
100 genotypes screened, 15 drought tolerant genotypes were identified based on
their better performance in terms of high RLW, low PWP, more number of days
for reaching critical stress level and high recovery percentage. The genotypes
identified were G1 (Acc 5), G5 (Acc 1339), G6 (Adoor local), G14 (Anchal local
II) G15 (Aranmula local), G24 (Elamadu local), G36 (Kattampally local), G42
(Kollam local), G45 (Kottarakara local), G46 (Kottayam local), G50
(Kulashegarapuram local), 051 (Kulathupuzha local), G60 (Muttathukonam
local), G74 (Nilamcl local) and G89 (Pongamoodu local).
The fifteen selected genotypes from the first experiment were evaluated
for drought tolerance in the second experiment by imposing moisture stress at the
reproductive stage. Based on the biometric and physiological evaluations, the top
seven genotypes with high yield and drought tolerance A4 (Anchal local II), A5
(Aranmula local), A7 (Kattampally local). All (Kulashegarapuram local), A13
(Muttathukonam local), A14 (Nilamel local), and A15 (Pongamoodu local) were
selected as parents for further hybridization in experiment in.
In the third experiment, LxT crosses were performed by using seven
selected tolerant genotypes as lines with three popular yard long bean varieties as
testers to generate twenty one hybrids. The genetic analysis of hybrids and parents
were evaluated based on eight morphological and eight physiological parameters.
Mean performance, combming ability, gene action and heterosis were estimated.
Based on the mean performance and gca effects, L4 (Kulashegarapuram local) and
L3 (Kattampally local) are identified as outstanding general combiners and can be
exploited as parents for drought tolerance breeding in yard long bean. Three
superior crosses, Kattampally local x Vellayani Jyothika (L3 x T3), Nilamel local
X Lola (L6 X T2) and Kulashegarapuram local x Lola (L4 x T2) were identified as
promising combinations for drought tolerance and yield xmder water stress.
In the final experiment quantitative real time PCR was conducted to
analyze the gene expression of drought responsive genes in tolerant hybrids and
parents. The elevated expression of DREBs and NCEDl genes in tolerant hybrids
and genotypes in gene expression analysis reflects the increased drought tolerance
ability of those genotypes. The gene expression analysis was in conformity with
the field studies.
All the hybrids mamfested significant amount of dominance variance for
commercial exploitation. Existence of significant amoimt of dominance variance
and non-additive gene action suggests that hybridization as the best strategy for
improving the drought tolerance character in yard long bean. The identified
genotypes can be used for isolation of purelines with enhanced drought tolerance
and the transgressive segregants from the identified crosses can be used for the
development of drought tolerant high yielding cultivars in the fixture. The work
can be continued with the identified genotypes and crosses for the development of
climate smart drought tolerant varieties of yard long bean.