Browsing by Author "Arya, K"

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Distant hybridization and compatibility studies in wild orchids
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Seeja, G; Arya, K
Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) Genotypes to the shaded uplands of southern region
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Abhijatha, A; Arya, K
The present investigation on ‘Evaluation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes to the shaded uplands of Southern region’, with an objective to identify sesame genotypes suitable for shaded uplands, was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2011-2013. The germplasm was evaluated for morphological traits and yield attributes, genetic variability, degree and direction of association, direct and indirect effects of various components on yield and genetic divergence analysis. The sesame germplasm consisting of thirty three accessions collected from different parts of Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra were assessed for the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance, the relationship among the yield and associated traits, the direct and indirect effects of characters towards yield and divergence of different genotypes.Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for almost all the characters studied. High and moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) were noticed for most of the yield contributing characters. Highest and lowest PCV and GCV were recorded for number of capsules per unit length and 1000-seed weight respectively. High estimates of heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as per cent over mean was recorded for all the yield associated traits except for days to maturity, oil content and 1000-seed weight, which exhibited high heritability with low genetic advance indicating non-additive gene action. Yield had positive and significant association with the yield contributing characters such as plant height, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, length of capsule and number of seeds per capsule, signifying that selection based on these characters may improve yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic correlation with yield was observed for number of capsules per plant. Path analysis revealed that number of capsules per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by number of seeds per capsule. Number of primary branches per plant and days to maturity had the maximum positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant through number of capsules per plant. The thirty three genotypes were grouped into six clusters among which cluster IV, V and VI had only one genotype each. Maximum number of genotypes were grouped in cluster I with thirteen genotypes. The intercluster distance was maximum between clusters IV and VI whereas it was minimum between clusters V and VI. The selection indices were worked out for thirty three genotypes based on yield and yield attributing characters. Based on the ranks obtained, the genotypes SI 7 (RT - 351 from ORARS, Kayamkulam) and SI 12 (DS - 5 from Dharwad) were the superior genotypes identified which are suitable for the shaded uplands. These genotypes possessed maximum number of capsules per plant, length of capsule and number of seeds per capsule and seed yield.
Evaluation of superior cultures for yield and yellow vein Mosaic resistance in okra
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Nikitha, J; Arya, K
Genetic analysis in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Reshma Nair, S; Arya, K
The study entitled “Genetic analysis in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)” was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2018-2020. The study was carried out to assess the existing genetic variability and performance of different genotypes of green gram under open and partially shaded conditions and to identify the best genotype in terms of yield and protein content. Two simultaneous field experiments under open and partially shaded conditions were conducted during 2019-2020. Intercropping is done in coconut garden with an average of 57 per cent shade in order to provide required partial shade. Thirty green gram genotypes procured from NBPGR, New Delhi and nearby State Agricultural Universities were assessed in a randomized block design, replicated thrice. The seeds were dibbled on raised beds in the field at a spacing of 30 cm x 15cm and each genotype was considered as individual treatment. Very few pests and pathogen attack was observed in the field for which control measures were taken up. The thirty genotypes were evaluated for eighteen characters and their mean values were recorded. Analysis of variance, estimation of genetic parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability and genetic advance, correlation analysis and path coefficient analysis were carried out. A pooled analysis was also conducted to compare the performance of genotypes for each character in open and partially shaded conditions. Variability analysis revealed the existence of a considerable amount of variability for yield per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, harvest index and days to maturity under both open and partially shaded conditions, whereas number of secondary branches and chlorophyll content showed narrow range of variation. Emergence percentage was more under partial shade than open condition. Likewise, plant height, specific leaf area and chlorophyll content exhibited an increase under partial shade compared to those under open condition. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. The highest GCV was recorded for yield per plant under both open and partially shaded conditions, respectively followed by number of primary branches per plant and number of pods per plant. High heritability was recorded for most of the characters studied under both growing conditions. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for yield per plant, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight under both conditions, whereas under open condition, two more characters such as number of secondary branches per plant and chlorophyll content also showed high heritability with high genetic gain. The character yield per plant was found to be highly significant and positively correlated with harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and pod length both at genotypic and phenotypic levels under open and partially shaded conditions indicating their importance in yield enhancement. Path analysis was carried out using yield per plant as the dependent variable and other characters as independent variables. The study revealed that, harvest index and number of pods per plant had high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, followed by days to maturity, pod length and number of primary branches per plant. High indirect effect was recorded for number of pods per plant on yield per plant through harvest index. The results of the present study revealed the presence of ample variability among the thirty green gram genotypes under open and partially shaded conditions. The genotype BGS 9 was found to be superior in yield performance under open condition which was on par with the genotype IC 282124. Under partially shaded condition, the genotype K7 recorded the highest yield and was on par with the genotypes BGS 9 and IC 282124. When protein content was assessed, maximum value was recorded for genotype K10 under open condition and genotype K13 under partially shaded condition. The superior genotypes identified in the present study can be utilized as such after further trials or as parents for crop improvement programmes to develop superior varieties.
Genetic analysis in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdcourt.) for fodder yield and quality
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,Vellayani, 2022-12-01) Asoontha; KAU; Arya, K
Genetic analysis of F2 and F3 generations for yield attributes and resistances to distortion mosaic virus disease in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Sumarani, P; Arya, K
The research project "Genetic analysis of F2 and F3 generations for yield attributes and resistance to distortion mosaic virus disease in bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.)" was carried out in Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the period 2002-2003. The major objectives of the study were to understand the genetics of yield attributes and resistance to bittergourd distortion mosaic virus (BDMV) and to identify resistant genotype with desirable yield traits. The whole investigation was grouped into two experiments in Randomised Block Design with three replication. The F2 and F3 generation of three selected crosses and parents were evaluated for yield attributes and resistance to BDMV. Significant variation was noticed for almost all characters except anthesis of male and female flowers. Highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for BDMV followed by fruit yield and fruit weight in both generations. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was noted for fruit weight, fruit yield and coefficient of infection. These characters are controlled mainly by additive genes which rendered scope for direct selection . . High yield was achieved by higher sex ratio, higher fruit weight, long fruit, optimum number of female flowers and low incidence ofBDMV. Based on the results from populations derived from the crosses IC68335 x Preethi and lC 68263B x Preethi as the best genotypes with high yield and resistance to bitter gourd distortion mosaic virus (BDMV) consecutively in both generations.
Genetic divergence in kiriyat (Andrographis paniculata Nees)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Prathibha, S S; Arya, K
Genetic diversity analysis for nutrient efficiency and identification of nutrient responsive genes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2023) Swathy Sivan; Arya, K
Genetic variability in kacholam(Kaempferia galanga L)under open and partially shaded conditions
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2008) Divya Krishnan; Arya, K
A research programme was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2007-08 with the object of assessing the genetic variability in kacholam genotypes for yield and yield attributing characters. Data on the investigations were recorded from two field experiments- one under open and other under partially shaded conditions. Twenty two genotypes including two released varieties (Kasthuri and Rajani) were evaluated for yield and related characters in field experiments in RBD with three replications under open and partially shaded conditions in coconut garden. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the 37 characters studied. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were highest for volatile oil, dry weight of roots, and fresh weight of leaves and fresh yield of rhizome per plant under both conditions. Under both conditions, characters such as fresh yield of rhizome, dry yield of rhizomes, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of roots, length of secondary rhizomes and volatile oil showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Rhizome yield showed significant positive correlation with fresh weight of leaves, number of suckers per plant and length of mother rhizome under both the conditions. Leaf area ratio was found to be negatively correlated with rhizome yield under both open and partially shaded conditions. Volatile oil, dry yield of rhizomes per plant, fresh yield of rhizome per plant, dry weight of roots, fresh weight of roots had highest heritability and genetic advance under two conditions viz., open and partially shaded condition. The characters such as plant spread, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of leaves, number of suckers per plant, length of mother rhizome, number of secondary rhizomes, length of secondary rhizome, girth of secondary rhizome fresh yield of rhizomes and dry yield of rhizomes found to be positively and significantly correlated with oil yield under both conditions. Path analysis revealed that harvest index, dry weight of roots and dry weight of leaves were the primary yield contributing characters due to their high direct effect on rhizome yield. Mahalanobis D2 analysis clustered the twenty two genotypes into seven clusters. Cluster VII formed the largest cluster with 10 genotypes while clusters I, II and III had one genotype each. The genetic distance was maximum between clusters III and V while minimum divergence was between clusters II and VI. The intra cluster distance was highest for cluster IV. Selection index revealed that the genotypes Neyyattinkara attained maximum selection index value followed by Koothattukulam and minimum estimates were recorded by Alleppey and Kasaragod. The genotypes from Neyyattinkara, Koothattukulam, Madavur, Ponneyekkad, Kannur, Ponnukara and Kanyakumari district and were superior in terms of yield and quality parameters as pure crop and as an intercrop in coconut plantations. So these genotypes can be considered for further crop improvement programme.
In vitro techniques In relation to induced nutations in groundnut
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1987) Arya, K; Krishnan Nair, N
The present investigation entitled In vitro techniques In relation to induced mutations in Groundnut was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Botany College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 1984-86.All the works related to tissue culture analysis was done at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, attached to Tropical Botanic Gardens and Research Institute, Kumarapuram, Trivandrum. The main objective of the experiment was to standardise the best embryo culture technique in groundnut to standardise a successful mutation breeding programme by using the most potent chemical mutagen, etbylmethane sulphonate. The project has also envisaged to standardise the techniques to assess the correct stage of embryo treatment with the mutagen and to standardise the best mode of treatment of the mutagen solution to the embryoids and embryos.
Induction and evaluation of genetic variability in chethikoduveli
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Arya, K; Gopimony, R
The present study "Induction and evaluation of genetic variability in Chethikoduveli (Plumbago rosea L.) was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1995-1998. The study was undertaken through the conduct of two experiments. (i) Germplasm collection and evaluation (ii) induction of variability. Two noded semi-hardwood cuttings of seven ecotypes of Plumbago rosea and one related species, Plumbago zeylanica were used for the first experiment. The ecotype of P. rosea from College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara was used for the second experiment. The cuttings were treated with six doses of gamma rays (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 kR) and M I V I generation was evaluated. Pollen germination was not noticed in P. rosea whereas the pollen grams of P. zeylanica germinated. The germination of seeds was more quickly in scarified seeds of P. zeylanica than seeds with intact seed coat. All the pollination techniques failed to give any positive result on seed set in P. rosea. Normal pairing of chromosomes were observed in meiotic cells of both the species. All characters studied had significantly high genotypic correlation with yield. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) was observed for all characters studied. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height and root length which indicate that direct selection for improvement of these traits will be effective. Path coefficient analysis showed that dry root yield had maximum direct effect on plumbagin content of roots and plant height had maximum direct effect on fresh and dry root yield. The index score for selection was highest for P zeylanica followed by the ecotype of P rosea from Kottayam. EDso of gamma rays for the stem cuttings of P rosea was 1.685 kR. The sprouting percentage of cuttings was significantly decreased with increased doses of mutagen. Progressive delay in sprouting was noticed as the level of dose increased. The percentage lethality was higher in mutagen treated population than in the control. The optimum dose for inducing maximum yield and yield attributing characters ranged between 0.70 kR and 0.85 kR of gamma rays. High yielding mutants were observed in plants treated with 1.0 kR of gamma rays. The highest values for yield and yield attributing characters were obtained for 0.75 and 1.00 kR gamma rays. Gamma rays at 1.0 kR was most effective in inducing variability for root yield.
Introgression of mosaic resistance in popular short duration cassava varieties of Kerala through marker assisted selection
(Deparment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Darshan, S; Arya, K
The present study entitled “Introgression of mosaic disease resistance in to popular short duration cassava varieties of Kerala through marker assisted breeding”was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University and Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Central Tuber Crops research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during the period 2014 - 2017 with the core objective of introgression of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistance to short duration varieties of cassava through marker assisted selection (MAS) and to study the inheritance of early bulking nature. The research work was carried out as four experiments. In the first experiment, Five early bulking high yielding lines viz, Sree Jaya, Sree Vijaya, Vellayani Hraswa, CI 889 and 9S 75 and three testers viz, CR 54A3, IMS2-5 and CI 273 with resistance to cassava mosaic disease were selected and planted in a pollination block and crossed in Line x Tester (LxT) design to produce hybrid seeds of 15 F1 combinations. Experiment II was conducted in two parts. Screening of F1 seedlings for CMD resistance and early bulking nature was carried out in the first part of experiment II, where hybrids along with the parents were evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. All the agronomic traits were recorded and inheritance of early bulking and its correlation with other traits were studied. The CMD incidence expressed significant and negative correlation with tuber yield per plant where as significant and positive correlation for all other traits with tuber yield per plant was observed among the F1’s. As a part of experiment II (b), seedlings without the CMD visual symptoms were subjected to multiplex PCR and the results revealed that among the parents Sree Jaya, Sree Vijaya, Vellayani Hraswa expressed presence of Srilankan Cassava mosaic Virus (SLCMV) and Vellayani Hraswa expressed the presence of both SLCMV and Indian Cassava mosaic Virus (ICMV). Among the crosses, Sree Jaya x CR54 A3 (L1x T1), Sree Jaya x IMS2-5 (L1xT2), Vellayani Hraswa x IMS2-5 (L3xT2), CI 889 x CI 273 (L4xT3) expressed the presence of SLCMV. Real time PCR (qPCR) assay for seedlings identified CI 889 (L4), 9S 75(L5), CR 54A3 (T1), IMS2-5 (T2) and CI 273(T3) among the parents and Sree Jaya x CR54 A3 (L1x T1), Sree Jaya x IMS2-5 (L1xT2), Sree Jaya x CI 273(L1x T3) and 9S 75 x CR54 A3 (L5x T1), 9S 75 x IMS2-5 (L5xT2) and 9S 75 x CI 273 (L5x T3) among the crosses as highly resistant, based on viral load present in the DNA sample. Based on the previous report ten CMD resistance linked markers were screened through BSA and five of which SSRY 28, SSRY 44 SSRY 40, SSRY 106 and SSRY 235 were selected. Among the CMD linked SSR markers studied, the maximum polymorphism was elucidated by SSRY 28, SSRY 44 and followed by SSRY 235. SSRY 28 is a strongly linked marker to CMD2 which is a dominant gene conferring resistance among the clones of combinations (L1xT1, L2xT2, L3xT1 and L3xT3) three of five markers revealed alleles associated with CMD2 gene In the third experiment to evaluate the early bulking clones, field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications consisting of CMD resistant clones along with parental clones using miniset technique. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Measurement of heterosis was carried out considering parent Vellayani Hraswa (L3) as check and results revealed that standard heterosis was positive and significant in the combinations Sree Jaya x CR 54A3 (L1xT1) and Sree Jaya x CI 273 (L1xT3) for all the yield contributing traits. The crosses Sree Jaya x CR54 A3 (L1x T1) and Sree Jaya x CI 273 (L1xT3) exhibited negative standard heterosis for CMD. Combining ability analysis showed significant gca, sca variances and gca, sca effects for all the traits. Moreover gca/sca variance ratio indicated preponderance of dominance / non-additive gene action for the inheritance of all traits. Among the lines, Sree Jaya (L1) exhibited positive and significant gcaeffect for tuber yield and yield contributing traits. Among the testers, IMS2-5 (T2) exhibited negative and significant gca effect for CMD. Among the crosses Sree Jaya x CR54 A3 (L1x T1) exhibited positive and significant scaeffect for girth of tuber and stem girth, 9S 75 x CI 273 (L5xT3) exhibited positive and significant scaeffect for tuber yield per plant, CI 889 x CR 54A3 (L4xT1) exhibited negative and significant scaeffect for CMD. In the last experiment, through bulk segregants analysis using 5 SSR markers linked to early bulking in cassava were selected out of 9 SSR markers selected. Among 5 SSR markers of CMD and early bulking nature two SSR markers (SSRY 28 and SSRY 106) associated with resistance to CMD and One SSR marker, ESTs (SSRY) 292 associated to early bulking nature has been identified. Among the crosses, clones from Sree Jaya x CR54 A3 (L1xT1), Sree Jaya x CI 273 (L1x T3) and 9S 75 x CR 54A3 (L5xT1) are being confirmed with CMD resistance as well as early bulking nature.
Introgression of Saltol gene into rice variety Sreyas
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2023) Anju Mariam Joseph; Arya, K
Stability analysis and molecular characterization of F1 hybrids in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Collge of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2015) Sreenivas Gogineni; Arya, K
The research work on “Stability analysis and molecular characterization of F1 hybrids in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was carried out with ten hybrids and two check varieties over four locations viz., College of Agriculture, Vellayani, FSRS, Kottarakkara, Farmer’s fields at Kayamkulam and Thiruvalla during kharif and summer to study the performance of superior hybrids over different locations and seasons from heterotic crosses and to confirm the hybridity using SSR markers. In the pooled analysis of variance for evaluation of F1 hybrids over locations and seasons, significant differences among the genotypes and environments were noticed for all the characters studied, suggesting genotypes interacted significantly with environments. Stability analysis revealed the hybrids viz., Thirumala local x Mallapalli local and Thirumala local x Kattakada local as stable over all locations for fruit yield per plant, fruit girth, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, YVM incidence, fruit and shoot borer infestation during kharif season. The hybrid Thirumala local x Mallapalli was superior to check varieties. Holavanalli local x Mallapalli local was identified as stable hybrid for favourable environments with regard to fruit yield per plant, fruit girth, fruit weight and crop duration. The hybrid Thirumala local x Punjab Phalgani was found to be suitable for poor environments. The hybrids Thirumala local x Mallapalli local and IC1012-1 x Mallapalli local were found stable for days to first flowering. The stability analysis during summer season also revealed the hybrids Thirumala local x Kattakada local and Thirumala local x Mallapalli local along with Thirumala local x Punjab Phalgani as stable in all locations for fruit yield per plant, YVM incidence, fruit and shoot borer infestation. The hybrids Kunnapuzha local x Kattakada local and Halu Bhendi x Kattakada local were suitable for poor environments. Three superior hybrids and their parental lines were characterized using SSR markers. Among the eight primers analysed, AVRDC-Okra64 was effective for varietal identification and hybrid testing of Thirumala local x Punjab Phalgani with specific banding profile. Multiplexing with two SSR primers (AVRDC-Okra64 and MITC 27) showed a clear differentiation of the parents and hybrids of Thirumala local x Mallapalli local and Thirumala local x Kattakada local. The present investigation revealed that the hybrids Thirumala local x Mallapalli local, Thirumala local x Kattakada and Thirumala local x Punjab Phalgani local are stable over different locations and seasons. AVRDC-Okra64 and MITC 27 can be used as referral markers for identification of parents and hybrids.
Standardisation of in vitro propogation techniques in thathiri (Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2005) Gayathri, G; Arya, K
Variability for yield and resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra : Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2012) Kishor, D S; Arya, K
The present investigation on “Variability for yield and resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)” was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics and Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2011-2012 and evaluation of germplasm for genetic variability, character association and resistance to yellow vein mosaic disease, confirmation of disease resistance in selected genotypes through vector and graft transmission studies, development and evaluation of F1’s for combining ability, heterosis and disease resistance were done. The okra germplasm consisting of thirty six accessions collected from different parts of Kerala and Karnataka was assessed for the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance, the relationship among the yield and associated traits and disease scoring. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among the thirty six genotypes for all the characters studied. The germplasm possessed sufficient variability and offered scope for selection based on characters like plant height, number of primary branches, leaf axil bearing first fruit, duration, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length and yield per plant. Five genotypes viz., AE-2 (IC 1012-1), AE-8 (Thirumala local), AE-28 (Halu Bhendi ), AE-32 (Kunnapuzha local)and AE-33 (Holavanalli local) exhibited resistance to YVMV during all the crop stages after scoring studies and resistance was confirmed to these selected ones by artificial transmission methods such as vector transmission and graft transmission in glass house. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was noticed for almost all characters and narrow difference between GCV and PCV suggest that environmental influence is minimal for the traits studied. High estimates of heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as percent over mean was recorded for all the characters considered. Yield had positive and significant association with number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit girth and number of primary branches indicating that selection based on these characters may improve yield. In the line x tester analysis, the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for all the characters studied. Combining ability analysis revealed higher magnitude of SCA variance for all the characters except days to first flowering and fruit girth indicating preponderance of non additive gene action. Among the hybrids cross combination Holavanalli local x Mallapalli local had high per se and sca effects for yield per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, duration, plant height, number of primary branches, leaf axil bearing first fruit and days to first flowering and was considered as the superior hybrid followed by the cross combination Thirumala local x Punjab Phalgani which had high sca effects and standard heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters. These hybrids were also resistant to yellow vein mosaic virus disease. Based on per se performance for yield and disease resistance scores the hybrids Thirumala local x Kattakada local and Kunnapuzha local x Punjab Phalgani can also be considered as good hybrids. The cross combination Holavanalli local x Mallapalli local showed significant standard heterosis for all the characters and hence recommended for heterosis breeding.
Variability in horsegram(macrotyloma uniform(Lam) verdc): under open and partially shaded conditions
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Swathy Sivan; Arya, K