Browsing by Author "Balachandran Nair, G K"

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Effect of split doses and times of nitrogen application on the content uptake and utilisation efficiency for direct sown rice in puddled soil
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Balachandran Nair, G K; Sreedharan, C
A field experiment conducted to study the effect of split dose and times of N application on N uptake and utilisation efficiency showed ' that the skipping basal application of N and applying half at active tillering and the other luiif at panicle initiation stages gave maximum grain yield for direct sown rice in puddled soil. This was made possible by a higher total N uptake and a higher incremental N uptake contributting to grain yield.
Integrated nutrient management in a rice-rice cropping system
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1998) Deepa, S; Balachandran Nair, G K
An experiment entitled "Integrated nutrient management in a rice- rice cropping system" was condcuted at Cropping Systems Research Centre, Karamana during the second crop season of 1995-96, to study the effect of long term application of manures and fertilizers on the availability and uptake of nutrients and changes in the physico-chemical properties of the soil for sustained productivity. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve sets of treatments and four replications. The twelve sets of treatments incldued four treatments of different levels of recommended fertilizers, treatments of integration of chemical fertilizers with organic sources like farm yard manure, crop residues (rice straw) and green manure, along with one each of unfertilized control and farmers practice of manuring. Organic manure addition in different forms was found to have pronounced effect on various growth and yield attributing characters of rice when applied in combination with chemical fertilizers. When compared to other treatments, application of 25 or 50 per cent of recommended N through farm yard manure in kharif followed by 75 or 100 per cent of recommended NPK through chemical fertilizers in rabi, gave higher tiller number, root production, productive tiller number, thousand grain weight, grain yield, and straw yield. Integration of organic manures with inorganic fertilizers improved the N, P and K uptake by the plant at all growth stages and at harvest. Highest Nand K uptake were recorded when 50 per cent N, supplied through farm yard manure in kharif season. Highest P uptake was recorded when 25 per cent of N supplied through crop residue in kharif. In general the available N,P,K and organic carbon contents of the soil were slightly improved due to combined application of organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers. Application of farm yard manure to meet 50 per cent of N along with 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizers recorded maximum available NPK and organic carbon Bulk density was lowest under treatment receiving 50 per cent recommended N through farm yard manure in kharif. Incorporation of paddy straw, to meet 25 per cent N along with chemical fertilizers enhanced water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity of the soil.
Nutritional requirement of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) CV. TG-3 in red soils of Kerala
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1990) Mathew Joseph; Balachandran Nair, G K
A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1989 to study the influence of three levels of each nitrogen (0.10 and 20 kg/ha), phosphorus (0.50 and 100 kg/ha) and potassium (0.50 and 100 kg/ha) on growth, yield and uptake of major nutrients in groundnut cv. Tg-3 under open upland conditions. The trial was conducted as 33 +1 partially confounded factorial experiment in Randomised Block Design with two replications. Higher levels of nitrogen had profound influence on growth characters like plant height and number of branches per plant. But the effect was negative in the case of number of root nodules per plant. Higher levels of phosphorus significantly influenced plant height, number of branches and LAI. Potassium had significant influence only on plant height and leaf area index. Yield attributes like number of pods and weight of pods per plant were not influenced significantly by the main or the interaction effects of the major nutrients. However the fertilizer treatments registered a higher value than the control plots. Application of 20 kg N/ha significantly increased the weight of kernel per plant, number of pops and 100 kernel weight. The number of pops was found to increase with higher levels of phosphorus (100 kg P2O5/ha). The maximum harvest index and pod yield per hectare was recorded by 10 kg N/ha. Potassium significant influence on bhusa yield at 100 kg K2O/ha. However the application of 20 kg N/ha, 50 kg P2O5/ha and 100 kg K2O/ha recorded the maximum pod yield. The response of groundnut to nitrogen levels was quadratic and that to potassium levels was linear. The DMP was significantly influence by the application of potassium only at 100 kg K2O/ha. The oil content of kernel was found to be unaffected by the main or their intraction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The protein content was significantly increased with 20 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K2O/ha. The nitrogen uptake by the crop was maximum at 20 kg N and at 100 kg K2O/ha. The levels of P significantly influenced the phosphorus uptake by the crop and it was maximum with 100 kg P2O5/ha. A potassium level of 50 kg K2/ha registered the maximum P uptake by the crop. The potassium uptake by the crop was significantly influenced by the application of potassium at 100 kg K2O/ha. The study indicated that application of 20 kgN, 50 kgP2O5 and 100kg K2O per hectare recorded the maximum pod yield and net returns from groundnut cv. TG-3 under open gardenland conditions in the red loam soils of Vellayani.
Production potential and economics on seven rice based crop rotations
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Balachandran Nair, G K; Sasidhar, V K; Santhakumari, G
Relative efficiency of different herbicides on rice under semi dry conditions
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1979) Balachandran Nair, G K; Balakrishna Pillai, P; Madhavan Nair, K P; Sasidhar, V K
The findings of the present investigation reveal that amongst different weed control measures tried the application of propanil (Stam F — 34) in combination with 2, 4 — D (Feronoxone) at the rate of 0.75 and 0.5 kg. a. i/ha respectively, followed by propanil (Stam F — 34) alone at the rate of 1.5 kg. a.i/ha and Butachlor (Machete) alone at the rate of 1.5kg. a.i/ha are beneficial in controlling weeds and improving grain yields of rice.
Seed production in stylosanthes gracilis under varying levels of population density, nutrition, moisturiser regimes and cuttings
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Balachandran Nair, G K; Sreedharan, C
An investigation was carried out during the period from July 1980 to March 1982 in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani to study the agronomic techniques required for maximum seed production in Brazilian lucerne (Stylosanthes gracilis). The following three separate field experiments were conducted and data collected and analysed. The first experiment entitled ‘influence of cultivars and plant population on seed production’ was laid out as a22 Factorial Experiment in R. B. D and replicated five times with the objective to find out the best cultivar of Stylosanthes gracilis for seed production along with the seed rate. The treatments consisted of combinations of two cultivars of Stylosanthes gracilis viz. Schofield and Cook, and two seed rates viz. 2.5 and 5 kg/ha. The second experiment entitled ‘nutritional requirements of Stylosanthes for seed production’ was laid out as a32 Factorial Experiment in R. B. D and replicated thrice with the treatment combinations of three levels of phosphorus viz.80, 120 and 160 kg P2 O5/ha and three levels of lime viz. no lime, 375 and 750 kg lime/ha. The objective was to assess the phosphorus and lime requirement of the crop for maximum seed yield. The third experiment entitled ‘Effect of moisture regimes and cuttings on seed production’ was conducted as a 32 Factorial Experiment in R.B. D and replicated thrice with treatment combinations of three irrigation schedules (IW/CPE ratios) viz. 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 and three cutting schedules viz. no cutting, one cutting and two cutting. The objective was to investigate the efficiency of irrigation schedules and cuttings on seed yield. The results from the investigation revealed that the variety cook produced significantly higher seed yield of about 64 kg/ha as against 35 kg/ha obtained from the variety schofield. The seed rate of 5 kg/ha gave the higher seed yield of about 56 kg/ha as against the seed yield of about 43 kg/ha under the seed rate of 2.5 kg/ha. The seed yield attributing characters like setting percentage of seeds and number of seeds per plant were maximum for the variety cook. All the growth characters contributed to about 66 per cent of the variation in seed yield. The highest net return per hectare was obtained when the variety schofield was grown under a seed rate of 2.5 kg/ha. Application of phosphorus at 120 kg and lime at 375 kg per hectare gave maximum seed yield of about 80 kg/ha. It was also found that higher levels of phosphorus like 120 or 160 kg/ha helped to increase the setting percentage of seeds. The biometric characters such as spread of plants, number of branches and LAI were significantly influenced by the application of 120 kg phosphorus and 375 kg lime per hectare. The nutrients uptake was also enhanced by the application of phosphorus and lime at the above levels. The growth characters influenced the seed yield by 53 per cent. The economic optimum doses of phosphorus and lime for maximum seed yield were found to be 149 kg and 593 kg per hectare respectively. The highest gross and net returns were obtained from plots treated with phosphorus and lime at 120 kg and 375 kg per hectare respectively. Irrigating the crop at IW/CPE ratio 1.00 gave the maximum seed yield of 89 kg/ha. When the crop was left without cut it produced the highest seed yield of 92 kg/ha. The maximum setting percentage of seeds and leaf production were observed when the crop was irrigated at ratio 1.00 and without cut. The no cutting treatment gave maximum number of seeds per plant. The biometric charaters like height, spread, number of branches and length of branches were all found maximum in treatments where no cutting was given. Maximum water use efficiency for seed production was recorded by the lowest irrigation ratio of 0.50 and also when the crop was left without cut. About 46 per cent of the variation in seed yield was explained by the growth characters. Maximum net return per hectare was obtained when the crop was irrigated at IW/CPE ratio 1.00 and without cut.
Yield potential of cowpea varieties
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1981) George, K M; Balachandran Nair, G K; Sasidhar, V K