Browsing by Author "George, K C"

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Balancing of first order residual effect through orthogonal latin squares
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1986) Sathianandan, T V; George, K C
A general method of construction of designs that are balanced for first order residual effects, when the number of treatments is prime or power of a prime number, using orthogonal latin squares has been given. The residual effects are more efficiently estimated in this type of designs and are useful in long term experiments like perennial crop experiments, feeding trials etc.
Comparative pathology of Aflatoxicosis in the duck and fish with special reference to the immune system
(Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) George, K C; Rajan, A
Pathological responses of ducklings and juvenile Indian carps Labeo rohita in experimental aflatoxicosis were studied. Both the ducklings and fishes were given sublethal toxic levels of aflatoxin B1. The ducklings and fishes were exposed to aflatoxin B1 for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively and they were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and samples for haematological, serum protein profile, histological and ultrastructural investigations were collected. Pathological changes were studied with special reference to the humoral and cell – mediated immune responses. Among the haematological parameters, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and packed cell volume were found to be reduced in fishes. The reduction was directly proportional to the duration of aflatoxin treatment. In the fishes, there was moderate fall in the total proteins and the albumin. The electrophoretic picture of the serum of the fishes also showed fall in the albumin fractions. In the ducks there was severe reduction in the albumin level and this was reflected in the electrophoretic picture as well as A: G ratio. In both the ducks and the fishes humoral immune response was suppressed due to aflatoxin treatment. Antibody titres against sheep RBC fell in the experimental groups of the ducks and the fishes. The cell - mediated immunity was assessed in the ducks and the fishes by intradermal PHA – M response, count of ANAE positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and leucocyte migration inhibition test. In the ducks and the fishes of the aflatoxin treated groups, there was significant fall in the skin sensitivity response and also in the number of ANAE positive lymphocyte. These findings clearly established that CMI was suppressed by aflatoxin . The histological and electron microscopic studies revealed severe degenerative and necrotic changes in the hepatocytes in the ducks and fishes. However, hepatosis was more severe in the fishes whereas in the ducks biliary proliferation was a prominent feature. The hepatic changes could be correlated with the changes in the plasma protein profile in the duck and the fish. The lymphoid organs of the duck and the fish (thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and anterior kidney) showed extensive necrosis and degenerative changes. These changes clearly established the reason for the immunosuppression and low leucocytic counts observed in the aflatoxin fed ducks and fishes. The kidneys of the duck and the fish exhibited nephrotic changes. Degenerative changes were also observed in the brain and the heart of the two species. The pathologic changes due to aflatoxicosis were comparable in the ducks and fishes.
Comparative study of lactation curves in goats
(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1991) Anita, S; George, K C
Comparative study of genotype environment interactions in Sesame
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Mini, C J; George, K C
The present study has been conducted to choose a consistent variety for all the regions and all seasons in the light of genotype-environment interaction with the following objectives. (i) to evaluate the existing techniques available for studying GE interaction in sesame (ii) to develop new concepts and methods to solve some problems peculiar to crop sesame like non-linearity of interactions, non-orthogonality of data and different patterns of genotype-environment (GE) interactions that are encountered while studying the stability of varieties simultaneously for several traits.
Comparative study of growth pattern in ducks - a statistical approach
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1989) Vishnu Namboodiri, M; George, K C
Comparative study of lactation curves in cattle
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Mathew Sebastian; George, K C
An investigation, based on 174 normal lactation records of 93 Jersey crossbred cows and 90 normal Isolation records of 55 Brown Swiss crossbred cows belonged to the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy, was undertaken : (1) to compare the relative efficiency of various isolation curve models and to select the best one (ii) to compare the two genetic groups based on order of Isolation and season of calving and (iii) to develop equations for predicting total milk yield from part yields. Records upto the 4th Isolation were included in the study. The observations spread over a period of six years from 1978 to 1983. The year was delinested into dry, rainy and moderate seasons.
Comparative study of selection indices for the improvement of poultry
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) Narayanikutty, N; George, K C
Data collected on White Leghorn strain N were entitled for the construction of selection indices. The characters under this study were 20 week and 40 week body weights, egg weight and egg production. From the study of general in d ices constructed for selection among males and females with and without the use of record on dam, the index with the use of record on dam was found to be more efficient than the one without the use of record on dam. Simultaneous selection index considering all the four characters was constructed. The efficiency of this index was tested by finding the percent gain in efficiency due to this index over that due to straight selection . This comparison showed that the index selection was more efficient than straight selection
Comparative study of the contribution of biometric characters on yield in dessert varieties of banana
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1984) Vijayaraghavakumar; George, K C; Krishnan Nair, N
Investigations of twelve morphological characters were carried out on the crop raised at the KAU Banana Research Farm, Kannara. Fifty six dessert varieties of banana plants were grown in randomised blocks of three replications. The analysis revealed that all the twelve characters showed high significant difference among the varieties. All the phenotypic and genotypic correlations of the characters) with yield were positive. From the path coefficient analysis the character having maximum contribution to yield is 'weight of hands'. The 'weight of fingers' and 'number of fingers' also influence the yield indirectly. The genetic advance through discriminant function was found to be less than that through straight selection. Chenkadali and Red banana were the best two varieties selected through the method of selection indices.
Comparative Study of The Contribution of Biometric Characters on Yieldin Dessert and Culinary Varieties of Banana
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary,Mannuthy, 1981) Vijayaraghava Kumar; George, K C
Investigations on the different morphological characters were undertaken from the crop raised at the University Banana Research Farm, Kannara. The plants were grown in Randomised blocks of 3 replications. There were 58 varieties in dessert type and 30 in culinary varieties of bananas. The important morphological characters studied were height, girth, number of leaves, weight of hands, weight of fingers, number of fingers, length of fingers, thickness of fingers, number of hands, number of fingers per hand, length of peduncle and the yield. In both of the groups all of these characters were shown high significant difference among varieties. In many characters and in yield the ‘average values’ were slightly greater in culinary varieties. The correlation studies revealed that the phenotypic and genotypic correlations of all these characters with yield is positive. The path coefficient analysis on dessert varieties has shown that the character having maximum contribution to yield is weight of hands. The weight of fingers and number of fingers also influences the yield indirectly. In the case of culinary varieties of bananas the number of fingers had the maximum direct contribution to yield. In this group the conclusion made was that when the number of hands increases, the number of fingers per hand decreases which will bring down the yield. Studies on the discriminant function were also carried out in both the varieties. The genetic advance through discriminant function didn’t reveal any worth significance as the genetic advances through these functions were less than that calculated by straight selection (in both groups). Thus straight selection is enough for such purposes in these banana varieties. By fixing index values for all the varieties in the two groups selection was made easy. The best varieties obtained by this method were Chenkadali and Red Banana in dessert group and Peykunnan and Walha in the culinary varieties. The results from the path analysis has revealed that there is no need of putting any restriction on the dessert varieties. In the other group after putting restriction on ‘girth’ the genetic advance were calculated individually for the significant (the ones taken in this analysis) morphological characters. It has seen that ‘number of fingers’ had the maximum genetic advance. Finally by combining all the varieties in the dessert and culinary groups a combined selection index was also fitted. The genetic advances of this index was found to be nearer to that obtained from the analysis of culinary varieties.
Comparison of different models for the determination of optimum plot size for colocasia (Colocasia esculenta L.)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1988) Lizy, M J; George, K C; Jocob Thomas, M
Comparison of different statistical techniques for assessing soil heterogeneity
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1988) Lizy, M J; George, K C; Jacob Thomas, M
A uniformity trial on colocasia was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, during kharif 1984. Biometrical observations on 16 characters as indicated in Tables 1,2 and 3 were taken from all plants. The nature of soil heterogeneity was studied from the productivity contour map. The map revealed that the field could be considered heterogeneous in nature. Based on the mean square analysis, we could not predict any general trend of fertilty variation existing in the field. The low serial correlation coefficients established that fertile areas occur in patches. The'b' value was found higher for yield than for other characters. While comparing all the four methods we could assume that the method of serial correlation, is more reliable than all other methods.
Confounded asymetrical factorial designs construction and analysis
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1984) Santy George; George, K C
Experiments in agriculture require several types of designs. Situations in which treatments are combinations of factors with asymetrical factors are many. When the total number of treatment combinations is large, confounding is practised In order to get more precise estimates. Confounding is inextricable mixing up interaction effects with block effects. In the present study four different methods of construction of asymmetrical designs are attempted. In the first method polynomials In Galois field ore used for construction. These polynomials ore devised on the basis of two lemmas and following the line of Kichen end Srivastava (1959).
Construction and analysis of a generalised confounded asymmetrical factorial design
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1986) Santy George; George, K C
The present study deals with the construction and analysis of confounded asymmetrical factorial designs. The authors have attempted to give a general method of construction with the help of two lemmas. The general method of analysis suggested by the authors can be used for symmetrical as well as asymmetrical factorial designs. An easy method of obtaining the divisions of the contrast to obtain SS in ANOVA is also explained. This method has also been illustrated through a practical example.
Construction of a composite sow inded and study of its effects due to sire, parity and season in pigs
(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1995) Gini Varghese; George, K C
An investigation was done for the constructions of composite sow index based on the data collected from sow cards of pigs maintained at the University Pig Breeding Farm, Mannuthy, with the additional objectives of studying the effect of sire, parity and season on this index and also to suggest for culling the uneconomic animals based on this index. Data were collected from 255 pigs selected under the first parity for the characters age at farrowing , post weaning conception period, litter size at birth, average weight of a piglet at birth, litter size at weaning and average weight of a piglet at weaning. The data were collected for the subsequent parities also for the above mentioned characters, from among the 255 sows selected. Three different types of selection indices were worked out viz. phenotypic index based on one main character and one auxiliary character, phenotypic index based on one main character and two auxiliary characters and a composite sow index. While comparing the phenotypic indices, it was found that the indices based on the characters litter size at weaning and average weight of a piglet at weaning were the most contributing characters along with age at farrowing and post weaning conception period. The variances of the composite sow index was less than that of the other two indices for all the five parities. Hence the composite sow index was selected as the most efficient index. Therefore, the best 25 animals were sorted out for each parity based on the composite sow index and used for further analysis. The best sow-sire pairs under each parity were identified by comparing the ranks of the three types of indices coming within the first 25. The seasonal effect on various characters considered was also tested by classifying the best ranking 25 sow – sire pairs into these seasons namely, winter season, summer season and rainy season under each parity. The average index under each season was compared by using the analysis of variance and it was found that there is no seasonal influence on any of the six contributing characters. The sows repeatedly coming under most of the parities were sorted out from the best 25 sows selected based on the composite sow index. The average values for the index and also for all the contributing characters under different parities were compared with the normal values of a standard sow and 07/160 was selected as the best sow. Similarly, 01/182 was selected as the best sire and 07/160-01/182 was chosen as the best sow-sire pair. An attempt was done to find out the best parity also. For this the sows came under at least for the first three parities were sorted out and their mean index values were compared using the analysis of variance test. No significant difference was observed for any of the parities. Being the most efficient index, the standard value for the composite sow index should be around six. Hence it can be concluded that the sows showing an index value less than 6 can be culled and nearer or greater than 6 can be retained for further breeding
Designs balanced for residual effects
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1984) Sathianandan, T V; George, K C
The usual problem in long term experiments is that due to residual effects of treatments. The effect of a treatment that persists for a period after the application of the treatment is referred to as residual effect of that treatment. In the present study an attempt is made to construct designs which will balance for first order residual effects to suit the above mentioned situations. By definition a design is said to be balanced if every treatment follows every other treatment equally frequently. We have established three different methods of construction of such type of designs. The first method of construction is by using cyclic latin squares as in the line of Amble (1977) and we have shown that such an arrangement is balanced for first order residual effects. The second method of construction is based on the set of (v-1) orthogonal latin squares of order v in the case of v treatments. A third method of construction of designs balanced for first order residual effects is also given. This is based on the procedure given by Nair (1967) for the construction of designs balanced for pairs of residual effects. A general intuitive method of analysis is also given.
Development of a suitable model for ascertaining the growth and egg production in quails
(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1991) John Thomas, M; George, K C
Development of a suitable model for ascertaining the growth and egg production in quails
(Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1991) John Thomas, M; George, K C
Forecasting models for crop yield in cashew (anacahdium occident ale l.)
(Department of statistics College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1987) Usha Menon, R; George, K C
Forecasting models for the yield of coconut
(Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Myint Swe; George, K C
An analysis of the yield data of 91 coconut palms, maintained at Coconut Research Station (Nileshwar I), Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pilicode, under Kerala Agricultural University and the weather data for the region of Pilicode, collected from Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod District, Kerala was carried out with the following views and objectives. 1) To develop a suitable and reliable statistical methodology for the pre-harvest forecast of coconut crop yields by evolving different empirical-statistical crop- weather models using the original and generated weather variables as predictor variables. 2) To perform a comparative study of relative efficiency, adequacy and performance of each of these crop- forecasting models evolved and to select the 'best1, most promising and plausible crop forecasting models for the purpose of future use in predicting the coconut crop yields reliably in advance of harvest, 3) To investigate the effect and influence of changes in weather variables on the yield of coconut crop, based on the crop forecasting models selected as the 'best' fitted models. 4) To render suggestion and guidelines for further development of statistical crop-weather models, criteria for their selection, and relevant statistical analysis, In this study, the twelve crop forecasting models for the yields of coconut were developed and fitted under the effective crop season of 3 years (i.e., as far back as 36 months from the first month just before a half-year harvest) with 3-month and 6-month period (season), using the generated weather predictor variables. The response variable was taken as average yield of nuts per bearing tree per half year, and the original weather variables were total rainfall, duration of bright sunshine hours, wind velocity, relative humidity and maximum temperature. Since the relative humidity is expressed in percentages, the data were transformed into arc—sine root proportion.
Genetic divergence in culinary varieties of banana
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Mercy, K A; George, K C
Thirty culinary varieties of banana grown at the Banana Research Station, Kannara, Kerala were observed for 13 different morphological characters and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant differences were recorded among all the varieties with regard to different morphological characters. By using D2 analysis the varieties were grouped into 12 clusters which were homogeneous within and heterogeneous between. The same clustering pattern was obtained in the canonical analysis except for the variety 'Ashmonthan'. This variety was in the first cluster through canonical analysis. The characters which were contributing maximum towards divergence were bunch weight and hand weight. The characters which were contributing minimum towards divergence were girth and height. The same results were obtained through both the methods.