Browsing by Author "Girija Devi, L"

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Agrotechniques for safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum Sandaou and Fernandes) in Kerala
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Suma, V K; Girija Devi, L
A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2004-2005, to study the adaptability and performance of safed musli under different sources of organic manures. Standardization of agro techniques such as planting weight of tuber and doses of nutrients were also undertaken. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of five sources of organic manures - M1 – FYM @ 30 t ha-1 (farmers’ practice), M2 – vermicompost, M3 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent vermicompost, M4 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake, M5 – 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent neem cake and M6 (control), viz., FYM @ 10 t ha-1 as basal + NPK @ 100 : 80 : 80 kg ha-1 and two different planting weight of tubers such as 10 g unit-1 (P1) and 15 g unit-1 (P2). Organic manure and planting weight of tuber had significant influence on most of the growth and yield attributing characters of safed musli. The fresh and dry tuber yield of safed musli as well as saponin content were also influenced by treatments. Results of the study revealed that application of organic manure as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake significantly improved the growth characters like plant spread, number of suckers hill-1 and number of leaves plant-1 and physiological parameters like LAI, LAD and TBR. Similar trend was also observed for yield and yield attributing characters like length, diameter and number of tubers. Among the quality parameters, fresh and dry weight of tuber after peeling and saponin content were highest in the treatment where 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake was applied as organic source. The N, P and K uptake were maximum in 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake applied plots. The available N and K content in soil were the highest in 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent neem cake treated plots where as P availability was maximum in plots that received nutrients as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake. Planting weight of tuber also significantly influenced the various growth and yield attributing characters. The growth characters like plant spread, number of suckers hill-1 and number of leaves plant-1 and physiological parameters like LAI, LAD and TBR were the highest in treatments where 15 g unit–1 weight of tuber was used as planting material. The yield, yield attributing characters and quality parameters were also the maximum in the same treatment. The uptake and availability of nutrients were also the maximum in the treatment where higher planting weight of tuber was used (15 g unit–1). Economic analysis revealed that planting safed musli @ 15 g unit-1 weight of tuber and applying nutrients as 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake could fetch maximum net return whereas for getting the highest BCR, it is wise to use 10 g unit-1 weight of planting material along with 50 per cent FYM + 50 per cent groundnut cake.
Calibration and validation of ceres rice crop simulation model
(Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Anju, V S; Girija Devi, L
Intensive fodder production through legume intercropping in hybride napier
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Jayakumar, G; Girija Devi, L
Magnesium sulphate fertilization for yield enhancement in direct seeded rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Daly George; Girija Devi, L
Nutrient and moisture optimization in banana (Musa AAA. Grand Nain)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Bindhu, J S; Girija Devi, L
Nutritional requirement of the sesamum variety Thilothama in partially shaded uplands
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Girija Devi, L; Chandrasekharan, P
An experiment was conducted in the red loom soils of the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture , Vellayani during 1983 to study the effects of three levels of nitrogen (0, 20 and 40 kg N/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0, 15 and 30 kg P2O5/ha) and three levels of potassium (0,20 and 40 kg K2O/ha) on the growth, yield, oil and protein content and chemical composition and uptake of mineral nutrients of sesamum. The field trial was laid out as a 3 factorial experiment confounding NPK in replication - 1 and NP2K2 in replication-2.
Performance of basmati rice varieties as influenced by date of planting
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, 2002) Sheena, S L; Girija Devi, L
A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the second crop season of 2001 to study the performance of basmati rice varieties under different dates of planting. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The treatments included four varieties (Pusa basmati-l, Haryana basmati, Kasturi and Basmati-370) and four dates of planting (October 10, October 23, November 5 and November 18). The results of the experiment revealed that varieties and different planting dates had significant influence on most of ~e qjometric and yield attributing characters of basmati rice. Among the varieties Pusa basmati -1 recorded the lowest height and possess good cooking qualities but it was highly susceptible to sheath blight disease. Among the varieties Kasturi matured early and was resistant to sheath blight disease, Grain yield was also higher for Kasturi as it has more panicle weight and thousand grain weight and also possess excellent cooking qualities as that of Pusa basmati-l. Eventhough basmati-370 recorded maximum height, LAI and DMP, this variety was susceptible to lodging which decreased the grain yield while Haryana basmati was inferior in all quality aspects. Earlier planting (lOth October) increased the grain yield and yield attributing characters and quality aspects. Agrometeorological studies revealed that early planted crop took more number of growing degree days, HTU and PTU Eventhough the growth duration was more for early planted crop, it produced the highest grain yield. Correlation 2 studies indicated that earlier planted crop received sufficient rams which positively influenced all the yield attributing characters resulting in higher yield while late planted crop experienced a high maximum temperature and wind which was negatively correlated with yield. There was a positive correlation between duration, minimum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and heat units and a negative correlation with maximum temperature and wind. Correlation between weather parameters and sheath blight intensity also revealed a positive correlation between disease incidence and maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. ,. Economic analysis showed that planting of Kasturi on to" October gave maximum net returns and BCR.
Production protocol for organic tomato : (lycopersicon esculentum mill.).
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Abijith Kumar, V P; Girija Devi, L
Standardisation of nutrient and weed management techniques for organic rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Murugesh, M S; Girija Devi, L
The present investigation on “Standardisation of nutrient and weed management techniques for organic rice” was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2012-2013. The objectives were to standardise the nutrient schedule, spacing and weed management techniques for organic rice and to assess the economic feasibility of the organic package. The experiment was laid out in the field in split plot design with combination of spacing, S (S1-20 cm x 15 cm and S2-15 cm x 15 cm) and weed management techniques, W (W1-stale seedbed and W2-hand weeding) as main plot treatments and nutrient schedule, N (N1-option-1 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU: FYM 5 t + 800 kg oil cakes ha-1 (1/2 basal + 1/2 top dressing at active tillering stage), N2-option-2 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU: FYM 1 t + green leaf manure 1t + dual culture of azolla + 2 kg Azospirillum + 2 kg P solubilizing bacteria + 1kg PGPR (mix 1) ha-1, N3-option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU: 1/3rd RDN as FYM, 1/3rd as vermicompost and 1/3rd as neem cake + 2 kg Azospirillum + 2 kg P solubilizing bacteria ha-1, N4-soil test based application–half as vermicompost and half as neem cake). The KAU Package of Practices Recommendation (FYM 5 t + 90:45:45 kg NPK ha -1) was taken as control. Closer spacing (S2-15cm x 15 cm), hand weeding (W2) and option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU (N3) significantly influenced plant height and DMP, while closer spacing (S2-15cm x 15 cm) and option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU (N3) only had significant influence on tiller production and LAI. Stale seedbed (W1) and closer spacing (S2-15 cm x 15 cm) had significant influence on most of the yield attributing characters, while, among nutrient schedule, N3 (option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU) attributed the maximum for yield contributing characters, but was on par with N4 (soil test based application) and also with N1 (option-1 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU) for grain yield. The results on weed control revealed the superiority of closer spacing (S2-15 cm x 15 cm) and stale seedbed technique (W1) over others in controlling the weeds throughout the growth stages. However the weed control efficiency was the lowest in conventional (Control-KAU Package of Practices Recommendation) compared to the organic throughout the growth stages. The nutrient uptake was the highest in N3 (option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU) and the lowest in N2 (option-2 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU). However, uptake study had also revealed the superiority of conventional (Control-KAU Package of Practices Recommendation) over organic in the uptake of nutrients. The net returns and B:C ratio were the highest in closely spaced plants (S2-15 cm x 15 cm) and in N3 (option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU). From the study it can be concluded that for realising higher grain yield in organic rice, a closer spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm (S2) is ideal. Any of the two weed management techniques, i.e., either stale seedbed (W1) or hand weeding (W2) can be practiced for controlling weeds. Option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU (N3-1/3rd RDN as FYM, 1/3rd as vermicompost and 1/3rd as neem cake + 2 kg Azospirillum + 2 kg P solubilizing bacteria ha-1) is the best nutrient schedule for realizing maximum yield from organic rice. The most economic package for organic rice production is the combination of closer spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm (S2), with stale seedbed technique (W1) of weed control and option-3 of the ad hoc recommendation of KAU (N3-1/3rd RDN as FYM, 1/3rd as vermicompost and1/3rd as neem cake + 2 Kg Azospirillum + 2 Kg P solubilizing bacteria ha-1) as nutrient schedule. The organic package was economically significantly superior to conventional package due to the premium price fetched by organic rice.
Standardization of crop establishment technique for upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coconut garden
(Department of Agronomy , College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Dhanu Unnikrishnan; Girija Devi, L
Studies on fertigation in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(Department of Agronomy,College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Anjali A Hari; Girija Devi, L
The research project titled “Studies on fertigation in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)” was undertaken in the farmer’s field at Pirappancode, Thiruvananthapuram district, during March 2015 to June 2015, to standardize the fertigation schedule for precision farming in bitter gourd, to assess the impact of precision farming practices on growth and yield of the crop and to work out the economics. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plot treatments included four fertigation levels (l), viz., l1- 75 per cent recommended dose (RD) of N and K, l2- 100 per cent RD of N and K, l3- 150 per cent RD of N and K and l4- 200 per cent RD of N and K. Fertigation intervals (i) (i1- fertigation at 4 days interval and i2- fertigation at 8 days interval) formed the sub plot treatments. Two controls were included in the study, viz., control 1- Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) ad hoc recommendation for precision farming and control 2- KAU Package of Practices (POP) recommendation. Uniform application of P @ 25 kg ha-1 in all treatments except control 1. The results revealed that the growth attributes like number of leaves at 35 days after sowing (DAS), leaf area index (LAI) and days to first female flower appearance were influenced by fertigation levels and vine length (20 and 35 DAS) and leaf production (20 DAS) were influenced by fertigation intervals. The number of leaves (35 DAS) was the highest in l2, while l3 produced the highest LAI (55 DAS). The female flower appearance was early in l1 and late in l4. Fertigation with l2 recorded the highest fruit yield (4.26 kg plant-1 and 21.30 t ha-1) fruit number (31.76), number of harvests (5.74), total dry matter yield (636.92 g plant-1) and ascorbic acid content (54.05 mg 100 g-1), while the same level of nutrient through conventional method of application (control 2) gave a comparable fruit yield (3.41 kg plant-1 and 17.05 t ha-1) and protein content (23.18 per cent) as that of fertigation treatment and also registered the highest content of TSS (3.250 Brix) and K (4.19 per cent). Water use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity were found to be influenced by fertigation levels with l2 recording the highest (24.41 and 3.65 kg ha mm-1 respectively). The uptake of nutrients particularly P and K were the highest in l2. Also K uptake was the highest in both the controls than in fertigation treatments. Fertigation at 8 days interval recorded the highest N uptake. Fertigation treatments and control 1 improved the N and K status of soil, while N status improved and K decreased in control 2. Economic analysis revealed the superiority of fertigation treatments over both the controls and within fertigation levels, the level l2 as reflected in the respective B:C ratios. The mean B:C ratio in fertigation was 4.29 and in l2, it was 4.94. The B:C ratio recorded in the two controls were 2.74 and 3.21 respectively. Similarly the net income was the highest in l2i1 ( 6,90,488 ha-1), the lowest in control 2 ( 4,69,412 ha-1), and though control 1 gave a comparable fruit yield, its economics in respect of B: C ratio and net income were the lowest. The results of the study revealed that the current nutrient recommendation of KAU (70:25:25 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1) is sufficient for bitter gourd, but giving it through fertigation, the yield can be further increased. Based on the results, a fertigation schedule of 152 kg ha-1 urea and 53 kg ha-1 MOP at 4 days interval along with a basal dose of 100 kg ha-1 rajphos (equivalent to 70:20:32 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 modified from KAU recommendation of 70:25:25 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 as per soil test) can be given as a recommendation for precision farming in bitter gourd for high yield, quality produce and the highest net income and B:C ratio
The weed flora in surgarcane fields of Palghat district
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1993) Girija Devi, L; Neelakantan Potty, N; Abraham, C T; George Thomas