Browsing by Author "Gopalakrishnan, T R"

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Bacterial wilt resistance and yield in brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Singh, P K; Gopalakrishnan, T R
Investigations on “Bacterial wilt resistance and yield in brinjal (Solanummelongena L.)” was undertaken in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1993 – ’96. Preliminary evaluation of seventy eight brinjal accessions during Kharif 1994 revealed considerable variation for most of the economic characters. Twenty four accessions/varieties selected based on productivity, resistance to bacterial wilt, crop duration, fruit and plant characters from the preliminary evaluation were subjected to detailed evaluation during March – November, 1995. In the long duration accessions, the non – prickly SM 141 has yielded as high as 6.4 kg/plant with maximum number of fruits (113.5) having maximum weight (128.27 g). Among short duration accessions maximum yield was recorded in white fruited Swetha (3.9 kg/plant). The study revealed the necessity for differential spacing depending on the duration and spread of the plant. In addition to the already available bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) resistant varieties viz., Surya, Swetha, ArkaKeshav, ArkaNidhi, BB 44 some more varieties/accessions viz., Annapurna, Composite 2, TGR, SM 71, SM 116 and SM 141 were found resistant under artificial inoculation. The contents of total phenol and O.D. Phenol was higher in the resistant varieties than the susceptible ones. The anatomical studies revealed well developed secondary xylem with small compact cortical cells in the resistant variety compared to the susceptible variety. The nine F1 hybrids differing in size, shape and colour of fruits were compared with their parents during summer 1996. Two F1 hybrids viz., the long stout and deep purple fruited ArkaKeshav x SM 71 and oval and deep purple fruited Surya x SM 116 had surpassed the standard parent by 337.62 per cent and 290.04 per cent respectively in productivity. Both the hybrids having bacterial wilt resistance, desired plant habit and attractive fruit characters can be progressed further. In general the F1 hybrids had more vigour and tolerated infestation of jassids better than the parents. In Kerala the cultivation of brinjal during summer is limited mainly due to heavy incidence of jassids. In the present study varietal variation was observed for resistance to jassids (Amrascabiguttulabiguttula). The long trichomes with high density contributing to a matting effect on the leaf surface may be responsible for the jassid tolerance in varieties like Pusa Kranti and BB 7. These jassid resistant but wilt susceptible varieties yielded 2417.2 per cent and 186.0 per cent respectively more over the intact plants after grafting onto Solanumtorvum. The present study revealed the scope of cultivating jassid resistant varieties viz., Pusa Kranti and BB 7, though highly susceptible to bacterial wilt during the summer months in the state.
Crop geometry studies under different methods of irrigation in oriental pickling melon var. saubhagya
(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Jamuna Devi, M; Gopalakrishnan, T R
The present investigation on "Crop geometry studies under different methods of irrigation in oriental pickling melon variety Saubhagya (Cucumis melo var. conomon)" was conducted at the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Kerala agricultural university, Vellanikara, Thrissur during 2002 - 2003. The field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons in the summer rice fallows of the Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy, Thrissur during December, 2002- April, 2003. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two methods of irrigation (drip irrigation @125 Ep and conventional method @ 45 I pit -I) in the main plot and seven spacings (2.0 x 0.3 m, 2.0 x 0.45 m, 1.5 x 0.3 m, 1.5 x 0.45 m, 1.0 x 0.3 111, 1.0 x 0.45 m and 2.0 x1.5 m) in subplot. The short duration and less vigorously growing variety Saubhagya sown during the month of December had less vegetative growth, earliness and high productivity (19.40 t ha') than February sown crop (17.21 t ha"). None of the vegetative, flower, fruit and yield characters were significantly influenced by the two methods of irrigation. However, in the drip irrigation there was saving of 108.5 to 135.2 per cent of water per cropping period, which can be used for irrigating 1.09 to 1.35 ha of additional land for cultivation of the variety. The effects of various spacings on vegetative growth and productivity were significant in both the crops. The crop in closer spacing (1.0 x 0.30 n,Ywas earliest to harvest the first fruit. Average fruit weight was found maximum at a closer spacing of 1.0 x 0.45 111, which was on par with 1.0 x 0.30 m. The closest spacing of 1.0 x 0.30 m accommodating 33,333 plants ha" yielded maximum fruits (33.93 t ha-I for December sown crop). This was 66 per cent more than that of the yield from the recommended spacing of 2.0 x 1.5 m. The next best spacing were 1.0 x 0.45 m and 1.5 x 0.45 m with productivity of 25.38 t ha" and 20.58 t ha-I, respectively. In February sown crop, production was maximum at 1.0 x 0.45 m (25.12 t ha"), which also accounted for maximum number of fruits plant" and yield plant". Interaction effects were not significant for majority of economic characters. Maximum benefit cost ratio (1.40) was shared by hSs and II S6. In hSs plants were spaced at a closer spacing of 1.0 x 0.30 m (accommodating 33,333 plants ha') under conventional method of irrigation. This treatment can be followed where family labour is utilized for cultivation of the variety Saubhagya. The treatment with spacing of 1.0 x 0.45 m under drip irrigation can also be suggested for the variety where there is water scarcity and the farmers are capital rich.
Divergence studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Pair)
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1989) Suresh Babu, V; Gopalakrishnan, T R
The present investigation on "Divergence studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschat a Poir ) was conducted at the College of Horticulture , Vellanikkara, Trissur during June 1988 - Marc h 1989. Seventy one pumpkin genotypes collected from different part of India and abroad were utilized for the study. The extent of variability and divergence among 50 selected genotypes were assessed and grouped into 5 clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic . Cluster I, II, III, I V and V contained 2, 7, 9, 12 and 20 genotypes respectively y . Intercluster distance was maximum between clusters I and II and was minimum between clusters III and V . Cluster I showed maximum average intercluster distance with any other cluster. Screening 71 genotypes for resistance/ tolerance to pumpkin mosaic and yellow vein mosaic diseases revealed that all genotypes except C M 214 were susceptible. Artificial inoculation studies confirmed immunity of C M 214 (Nigerian I oca l ) to pumpkin mosaic virus and yellow vein mosaic virus .
Divergence studies in salad cucumber (cucumis sativus L)
(Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2006) Smitha Sara Abraham; Gopalakrishnan, T R
The present investigation on “ Divergence studies in salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during December 2005- April 2006. Twenty-eight salad cucumber genotypes collected from different parts of India were utilized for the study. The extent of variability, correlation between yield and its component characters, path analysis and divergence among 28 genotypes were assessed. The 28 genotypes were significantly different for 15 characters studied. The genotype Phule Himangi (20.22 kg/plot) emerged as high yielder followed by AAUC 2 (15.11 kg/plot). Selection of plants based on yield/plot was observed to be efficient than selection of component characters. All the accessions were prickled on the surface. All were monoecious and produced yellow flowers. Most of the genotypes produced light green fruits whereas Phule Himangi produced white stout fruits. Genotypes CS 25 and CS 35 were comparatively free from biotic factors except mosaic and serpentine leaf miner. Total yield per plot showed positive correlation with fruits per plant, duration of crop and number of harvests. Negative correlation was observed between total yield per plot and number of branches. It is clear from the study that, for obtaining higher yield characters like fruits per plant, duration of crop, number of harvests etc should be considered in the selection programme. Fruits per plant had maximum positive direct effect on total yield per plot. Higher positive effects for days to first male flower anthesis was observed on total yield per plot. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Cluster I, II, III, IV and V contained 13,8,4,2,1 genotypes respectively. Inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and V (48733.77) and minimum between cluster I and III (8415.55). Cluster V showed maximum average inter-cluster distance with any another cluster.
Divergence studies of salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)
(Department of Olericulture,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2006) Smitha Sara Abraham; Gopalakrishnan, T R
The present investigation on “ Divergence studies in salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Vellamkkara, Thrissur during December 2005- April 2006. Twenty-eight salad cucumber genotypes collected from different parts of India were utilized for the study. The extent of variability, correlation between yield and its component characters, path analysis and divergence among 28 genotypes were assessed. The 28 genotypes were significantly different for 15 characters studied. The genotype Phule Himangi (20.22 kg/plot) emerged as high yielder followed by AAUC 2 (15.11 kg/plot). Selection of plants based on yield/plot was observed to be efficient than selection of component characters. All the accessions were prickled on the surface. All were monoecious and produced yellow flowers. Most of the genotypes produced light green fruits whereas Phule Himangi produced white stout fruits. Genotypes CS 25 and CS 35 were comparatively free from biotic factors except mosaic and serpentine leaf miner. Total yield per plot showed positive correlation with fruits per plant, duration of crop and number of harvests. Negative correlation was observed between total yield per plot and number of branches. It is clear from the study that, for obtaining higher yield characters like fruits per plant, duration of crop, number of harvests etc should be considered in the selection programme. Fruits per plant had maximum positive direct effect on total yield per plot. Higher positive effects for days to first male flower anthesis was observed on total yield per plot. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Cluster I, II, HI, IV and V contained 13,8,4,2,1 genotypes respectively. Intercluster distance was maximum between cluster II and V (48733.77) and minimum between cluster I and III (8415.55). Cluster V showed maximum average inter-cluster distance with any another cluster.
Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and productivity in yard long bean
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2001) Resmi, R; Gopalakrishnan, T R
Effect of time of planting on growth and yield of irrigated Nendran banana
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2001) Susamma P, George; Nybe, E V; Gopalakrishnan, T R; Manomohandas, T P; Kumaran, K
Field experiments were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal for three years to standardize the best time of planting of irrigated banana var. Nendran (AAB) for maximum growth and yield of quality bunches. Suckers were planted at monthly interval on the first of every month starting from July to December. July to October plantings were equally good for mean bunch weight (7.83, 8.38, 8.10 and 8.20 kg respectively) and were superior to November and December plantings (5.28 and 4.14 kg respectively). November and December plantings recorded minimum value for all the growth and bunch characteristics studied except crop duration. Planting of Nendran beyond October enhances the crop duration.
Effect of time of sowing on incidence of mosaic in Pumpkin
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1994) Latha, P; Gopalakrishnan, T R
Effects of graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Poir)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Rajendran, P C; Gopalakrishnan, P K; Gopalakrishnan, T R; Peter, K V
Evaluation - cabbage varieties for the high range zone of Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Varghese, C A; Giridharan, M P; Devadas, V S
Evaluation of cabbage varieties for five years at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal resulted in the identification of a variety "September" adaptable to high altitude zones of Kerala. September is characterised by flat head with medium lightness having an average weight of 1.12 kg and diameter of 17 cm. Under the mild subtropical climate during winter, the establishment of plants and heading ability of the variety are excellent.
Evaluation of a few selected lines of pumpkin for local adaptability
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Peter, K V
Evaluation of brinjal varieties for yield and resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solan acearum)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2000) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Sally, K Mathew; Singh, P K; Peter, K V
Comparative performance of brinjal varieties and lines over five years revealed the superiority of SM-141 (Haritha) in terms of yield, quality and resistance to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). This culture produces long, light green and glossy cylindrical fruits, with a mean wilt incidence of 9.38 per cent. SM-141 has non-prickly stem and leaves with white flowers and has a mean productivity of 13.5 t ha"1. Considering its performance in the research stations and in farmers' fields, SM-141 has been released as Haritha for the State of Kerala
Genetic variability and correlation studies in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir)
(Department of Horticulture (Olericulture), College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1979) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Gopalakrishnan, P K
Eighteen diverse pumpkin genotypes were grown in a randomized block design with three replications during 1978-79 at the Instructional Farm of College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara to estimate the extend of genetic variability, association among polygenic characters and its partition into direct and indirect effects. A discriminant function analysis was also carried out to find out the efficiency, if any, of selection through discriminant function over straight selection vice versa. The 18 genotypes were significantly different for the 32 polygenic characters studied. The genotype C.M. 17 and C.M.14 emerged as high yielders with other desirable qualities (16.10 kg. and 15.38 kg. fruit yield / plant respectively). Selection of plants considering yield per S E was observed to be efficient than selection of component characters. Fruit yield /plant was positively correlated with length of main vine, average fruit weight and weight of first mature fruit. Leaves /plant and intermodal length had maximum direct effects on length of main vine. Weight of first mature fruit was positively correlated flesh thickness and circumference of fruit. Number of female flowers/plant and number of fruit /plant had no correlation with fruit yield/plant. This aberrant behaviour requires further physiological studies to define the physiological sink in pumpkin. The line C.M.18 is observed to contain the maximum amount of carotene(0.527%) among the 18 genotypes studied. The carotene content was observed rather independent fruit yield /plant.
Haritha, a long duration brinjal for homesteads
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2000) Singh, P K; Gopalakrishnan, T R
Inheritance of clusterness, destalkness and deep red colour in chilli [Capsicum annuum L.]
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Gopalakrishnan, P K
Interspecific hybridization in capsicum
(Department of Olericulture, College of horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1990) Pradeepkumar, T; Gopalakrishnan, T R
The present investigation "Interspecific hybridization in Capsicum" was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during September 1988-April 1990 to study cross compatibility among five Capsicum species and to exploit heterosis in interspecific hybrids. Eighty four chilli accessions, when subjected to the modern taxonomic treatments were found to fall under C. annum L. (62), C. frutescens L. (7), C. chinense Jacq. (14) and C. baccatum L. (1) Protein electrophoretic focussing revealed species specific protein bands in C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. chacoense. Fruit set was obtained in all the 28 crosses made among C. annuum.C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. chacoense. Viable F1 and F2 seeds were obtained in eight crosses viz., C. annuum x C. chinense (P), C. annuum x C. chinense (NP), C.frutescens x C. annuum, C.chacoense x C. annuum, C. frutescens x C. chinense (P), C. chinense (P) x C. frutescens, C. frutescens x C. chinense (NP) and C. chinense (NP) x C. frutescens.
Nutritional management of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L) in relation to pest and disease incidence
(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Rekha, C R; Gopalakrishnan, T R
Pachakkari vithulpadhanam
(Kerala Agriculture University, 2010) Gopalakrishnan, T R
Relative susceptibility of brinjal lines resistant to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas Solanacearum Smith)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1985) Gopalakrishnan, T R; Gopalakrishnan, P K
Seasonal variation in white fly population and its influence on the yellow vein mosaic and productivity in pumpkin (cucurbita Moschata poir)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1995) Latha, P; Gopalakrishnan, T R
When pumpkin(O/r«rtoa moschata Poir) was sown at bimonthly interval at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease and population of white fly, vector of the disease, were maximum during summer. White fly populatioti was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with rainfall and relative humidity. Rainfed crops sown in the month of May was free from yellow vein mosaic disease, due to reduction in vector population during the cropping season.