Browsing by Author "Jaikumaran, U"

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Development of subsurface pad irrigation system for tomato
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1995) Abdul Nassar, K; Jaikumaran, U
An experiment was conducted in the summer rice fallows of the Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy during 1995 to develop and test subsurface pad irrigation system for tomato and to compare it with surface irrigation. The soil was sandy clay loam, medium in organic carbon and available potassium and high in available phosphorus. The eight treatments comprised of combination of four frequencies of irrigation (IW/CPE ratios of 1.2, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.3) and two irrigation systems (subsurface pad irrigation and surface irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Poly bags filled with saw dust placed 45 cm beneath the surface at the frequency of one pad for every four plants formed SSPI. Water was supplied to pads by laterals supplying 40 mm of water per irrigation. The study revealed that tomato responded very well to irrigation. Biometric characters like plant height, number of leaves and leaf area index and yield attributing characters like number of flowers, number of fruits and total weight of fruits per plant were favourably influenced by frequent irrigation under both the systems of irrigation. The fruit yield increased with frequency of irrigation and maximum at the IW/CPE ratio of 1.2. The plants irrigated by surface method grew taller, had more leaf area index, produced more number of green leaves, flowers, fruits and total fruit weight per plant compared to the plants irrigated under SSPI system at the irrigation frequencies of IW/CPE ratios 1.2, 0.9, and 0.6. But at the IW/CPE ratio of 0.3, the subsurface irrigated plants performed better than the surface irrigated plants both in terms of growth and yield attributing characters. The crop receiving irrigations through SSPI systems consumed lesser amount of water at all the frequencies of irrigation compared to surface method. This decline at the IW/CPE ratios of 1.2, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.3 were to the tune of 22,30,40 and 18 per cent respectively. The soil moisture extraction from 0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 cm layers in SSPI was 62-70, 24-29 and 6-12 per cent respectively whereas in surface irrigation the respective values were 62-64, 22-23 and 13-15 per cent. The soil moisture redistribution was rapid in the case of surface irrigation whereas it was gradual in the case of SSPI. Moisture content in the case of SSPI was maximum at the radial distance of 15 cm from the pad on either sides whereas in surface irrigation there was no remarkable difference in the moisture content with respect to radial distance from the plant.
Jackfruit: value added products
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2009) Pushpalatha, P B; Sheela, K B; Narayanankutty, C; Jaikumaran, U
Mulch-cum drip irrigation system for okra
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellenikkara, 1998) Chandupatla Sunilkumar; Jaikumaran, U
An experiment was conducted in the summer rice fallows of the Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy during 1997 to develop and test mulch-cum-drip irrigation system for okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.) and compare this system with drip without mulch or furrow irrigation system either with or without mulch. The soil was sandy clay loam, medium in organic carbon and available potassium and high in available phosphorus. The ten treatments comprised of combinations of two irrigation systems (Drip irrigation and furrow irrigation) and three irrigation frequencies (soil moisture tension at 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 MPa) either with or without mulch. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with three replications. In case of drip irrigation system 41ph emitters were placed 60 cm apart such that there was one emitter in between two plants. In mulched plots, after the formation of ridges, the field was covered with black LDPE sheet before sowing. Holes were made on this sheet at a spacing of 30 cm and seeds were dibbled through these holes. The study proved the beneficial effects of mulching in the vegetable crop bhindi, irrespective of the levels and methods of irrigations. Biometric characters like plant height, number of leaves and leaf area index and the yield attributing characters like number of flowers, number of fruits and total weight of fruits plant' were favourably influenced by mulching both under furrow and drip systems of irrigations, irrespective of levels of irrigation. The maximum fruit yield of 24.88 t ha-1 was produced when the crop was mulched and furrow irrigated at soil moisture tension of 0.08 MPa. This accounted for 93.48 per cent Increase in yield over the control crop that received irrigation by furrow method at 0.06 MPa without mulch. The crop under mulched situation consumed lesser amount of water compared to without mulch situations at all the frequencies of irrigations. This decline of consumptive use of water, was to the tune of 49, 97 and 192 percent respectively at the soil moisture tension of 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 MPa in case of drip irrigation and 49, 97 and 135 per cent in case of furrow irrigation. Under drip irrigation the total soil moisture extracted from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers was 30.68 to 49.56 and 50.43 to 69.31 per cent respectively in open situation. The respective values under mulched situation were 39.16 to 45.1 and 54.89 to 60.83 per cent. In case of furrow irrigation system the respective values were 35.58 to 47.39 and 52.60 to 64.41 under mulched situation and 41.01 and 58.98 per cent in unmulched situation. When mulching was adopted under drip irrigation or surface method of irrigation with the irrigation schedules at the soil moisture tensions of 0.04, 0.06 or 0.08 MPa, the cropping became profitable. Then, the B.C. ratios varied between 0.91 to 1.58. Maximum benefit cost ratio of 1.58 was derived when the crop was mulched and furrow irrigated at soil moisture tension of 0.08 MPa.
Nitrogen econony through incorporation of Azolla in rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1981) Jaikumaran, U; Sreedharan, C
An experiment was conducted at tho Agronomic Research Station, Chalakudy, during the first and second crop seasons of 1979-80. The effect of basal incorporation of Azolla on growth end yield of rice was investigated in order to assess the caving of nitrogen end evaluate Azolla as an alternate cheap course of R for rice crop. The treatments comprising different levels of recommended does of 17 (0, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of 90 kg N/ha) either alone or in combination with Azolla (5 t/h a) and 100 N with form yard manure (5 t/ha), were replicated thrice and laid out in. The Randomised Block Design
Response of tomato to varying levels of fertigation
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Rajaseelan Kingsly, D; Jaikumaran, U
Standardisation of mat nursery for rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Rajesh, G; Jaikumaran, U
Yield and yield attributes of bhindi as influenced by mulching and methods of irrigation
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2002) Sunilkumar, C; Jaikumaran, U