Browsing by Author "Jalaja S Menon"

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Analysis of growth, flowering and quality in koduveli (Plumbago Spp.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Jalaja S Menon; Prasannakumari Amma, S
Analysis of growth, flowering and quality in plumbago rosea and plumbago zeylanica were undertaken in the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur during 1995 to 1998. Study analysed the variation in vegetive, physiological, biochemical, anatomical and reproductive characters of the two medicinally important specied of plumbago. The post harvest storage technique of P.rosea were also studied.
Analysis of marketing strategies of organic rice - jaivam amritham
(College of co-operation, banking and management, Vellanikkara, 2016) Nipuna, S; Jalaja S Menon
Collection and evaluation of Wayanad turmeric (curcuma longa l.) for yield and quality
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Anu, T S; Jalaja S Menon
Effect of IBA on induction of rooting in stem cuttings of plumbago (Plumbago rosea L.)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996) Jalaja S Menon; Nybe, E V
Evaluation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) hybrids for yield and quality
(Department of Plantation crops and spices, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2021) Jintu Varghese; Jalaja S Menon
The demand of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) for export and local consumption is increasing in the country and there is a gap of 7 lakh tonnes in the production to meet the requirement. Due to pressure on land, the possible way to increase production is to increase productivity by adopting improved varieties. Hybrid vigour was well exploited in cashew. Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara has developed many hybrids through hybridization programmes which are maintained in the farm. In the present study 19 hybrids of stabilized yield along with 11 cross parents and check variety Poornima were evaluated for yield and quality traits during the year 2020-2021. Qualitative and quantitative parameters including those of growth, inflorescence, apple, nut, yield and biochemical attributes revealed a spectacular array of variations among the tested genotypes. Among hybrid population, upright and compact canopy with intensive branching habit, yellowish red flush colour and pyramid shaped loose inflorescence were predominating. Early flowering from October was recorded in 13 cashew hybrids and four parents. Cluster bearing habit was observed in hybrids H03-113/1 (4.65 fruits), H03-55/10 (4.55 fruits) and H03- 53/9 (4.10 fruits). The apple weight varied from16.83 g (H03 55/10) to 137.49g (Priyanka). Nut weight of more than 10g was observed in hybrids H03-21/10, H03- 97/2, H03-36/8, H03-110/1, H03-52/6, H03-52/7, H03-52/5, HO3-95/4 and H03- 18/17 and these can be represented as bold nut hybrids. The average kernel weight varied from 1.62g (H03-55/10) to 4.19g (H03-95/4). Nut yield above 18 kg/tree was recorded in hybrids, H03-92/3 (20.2 kg), H03-52/5(21.5kg), H03-36/8(22.10 kg), H03-110/1(23.40 kg), H03-97/2 (24.50 kg), H03-21/10 (25.20 kg) and in parent, Amrutha (21.3kg) and check variety, Poornima (20.0 kg). In biochemical analysis, TSS ranged from 13.150Brix (H03-18/17) to 17.40Brix (H03-53/9). Vitamin C content ranged from 107.5 to 220.15mg/100ml. Lowest tannin content was shown by hybrid H03-55/11(0.085%), H03-92/3(0.09%) and H03-55/10(0.09%). The hybrids H03-57/4, H03-110/1, H03-113/1, H03-52/5 and xx H03-21/10 and parents, Dhana, Madakkathara-1, Vridhachalam-3, and K-22-1 were less susceptible to TMB. Nut yield per tree was found to possess significant positive correlation with nut weight, kernel weight, apple weight, number of bisexual flowers and shelling percentage. In the principal component analysis 85.92% of total variability was explained by the first three components with an eigen value greater than one. The characters like yield per plant, apple weight, shelling percentage, kernel weight, nut weight and bisexual flowers contributed more towards diversity. Eight hybrids viz., H03-21/10, H03-97/2, H03-36/8, H03-110/1, H03-52/6, H03-52/7, H03-52/5 and H03-95/4 were placed in the first quadrant along with check variety Poornima. Magnitude of heterosis was calculated for 19 hybrids over mid parent (relative heterosis), better parent (heterobeltiosis) and standard variety (standard heterosis). The above eight hybrids along with H03-18/17 exhibited better heterosis. The hybrids, H03-36/8, H03-97/2, H03-110/1, H03-21/10 and H03-52/5 which exhibited heterosis and nut weight above 10g, tree yield above 18kg, kernel weight above 2.5g and shelling per cent above 28 were selected as promising types. Hence these hybrids may be recommended for commercial cultivation. Further studies should be undertaken with different traits for exhaustive evaluation for commercialization. The hybrids H03-52/6, H03 -52/7, H03-95/4 and H03-18/17 having good yield and quality traits can be utilized for crop improvement programmes.
Evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes in the high ranges of Idukki district of Kerala
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Shibana, S N; Jalaja S Menon
Harvesting stages and chitosan sprays on curcumin yield in tumeric (Curcuma longa L.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2020) Ashwini, S; Jalaja S Menon
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) the golden spice, is highly valued as a medicinal plant. The major active constituent of turmeric is curcumin. The curcumin content varies with the agro climatic regions, cultivars, agronomic practices and the stages of harvest. The present study entitled „Harvesting stages and chitosan sprays on curcumin yield in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)‟ to identify the influence of chitosan sprays and stages of harvesting on curcumin yield of turmeric genotypes. There were twenty seven treatment combinations of genotypes, harvesting stages and foliar application of chitosan. Among the turmeric genotypes Wayanad local (Acc WCL 23) was found superior in morphological characteristics like plant height (94.49 cm, 127.70 cm, 140.20 cm, respectively), number of tillers (2.97, 3.59 and 3.71, respectively) and leaf area (529.06 cm2, 657.38 cm2 and 696.28 cm2, respectively) in all the three growth stages of plant at 100, 120 and 150 Days After Planting (DAP). The foliar sprays of chitosan at 1g L-1 at monthly interval had a pronounced in morphological characters like plant height (133.58 cm), number of tillers (3.78) and girth of tillers (10.36 cm) at 150 DAP. However, the interaction effect of turmeric genotypes and foliar application of chitosan on morphological characters was found non significant. The photosynthetic rate was found higher in turmeric genotype, Wayanad local sprayed with chitosan (35.60 μmol m-2s-1). The lowest disease sevearity index for leaf spot was remarkable in chitosan sprayed plants (23.82%). The rhizome characters like length of primary rhizome and number of secondary rhizomes were found to be significantly high in Sobha (10.68 cm and 18.67 cm, respectively) and Wayanad local (11.07 cm and 18.35, respectively). The genotype Prathibha was found superior in width of rhizome (2.79 cm). The highest number of primary rhizomes was recorded in genotype Wayanad local (6.78) and Prathibha (6.67). When the main effect of harvesting stages were analysed, harvesting at 270 DAP was found superior in improving length, width and number of primary rhizome (10.58 cm, 3.19 cm and 7.10 cm, respectively). Chitosan sprayed plants recorded highest number (7.32) and width (2.59 cm) of primary rhizomes. Among the turmeric genotypes Wayanad local (255.86 g plant-1) and Sobha (246.01 g plant-1) recorded highest fresh rhizome weight. The rhizome harvested at 270 DAP recorded the highest fresh rhizome weight (266.52 g plant-1). Chitosan at a concentration of 1g L-1 significantly improved the fresh rhizome yield per plant (273.18 g plant-1). From the interaction effect it was evident that the fresh rhizome yield per plant was significantly superior in chitosan sprayed plants of Wayand local (314.00 g plant-1) harvested at 210 DAP (V3H1C1 ) and in chitosan sprayed plants of Sobha (311.25 g plant-1) harvested at 240 DAP (V1H2C1). The treatment combination V2H3C1- Prathibha sprayed with chitosan and harvested at 270 DAP was found on par (297.55 g plant-1). The chitosan sprayed plants of Wayanad local (18.44 %) harvested at 240 DAP (V3H2C1) recorded highest curing percentage. The curcumin content was significantly high in Prathibha (4.36 %). Harvesting of turmeric at 240 DAP (4.34 %) and 270 DAP (4.33 %) was found to be significantly superior in the curcumin content. Chitosan sprays significantly improved the curcumin content (4.81%). When influence of genotypes, harvesting stages and chitosan spray on curcumin content was analysed in detail, the treatment combinations of V1H2C1 - chitosan sprayed plants of Sobha harvested at 240 DAP (5.26%), V2H2C1- Prathiba at 240 DAP with chitosan sprays (5.14%), V3H1C1- Chitosan sprayed plants of Wayanad local harvested at 210 DAP (5.11%) and V3H3C1- Wayanad local harvested at 270 DAP (5.20%) were found superior. The curcumin yield improvement by foliar sprayings of chitosan was more pronounced in Sobha (52.96%) followed by Wayanad local (Acc WCL 23) (45.71%) and Prathibha (40.52%). Significantly higher curcumin yield was obtained from the treatment combinations involving genotype Sobha sprayed with chitosan 1 g L-1 and harvested at 240 DAP (V1H2C1) - (385.16 kg ha-1) and Wayanad local (Acc WCL 23) sprayed with chitosan 1 g L-1 and harvested at 210 DAP (V3H1C1) - (378.54 kg ha-1). However, foliar application of chitosan at 1g L-1 is effective in enhancing the weight of fresh rhizome, curcumin content and curcumin yield in turmeric. Harvesting at 240 and 270 days after planting are equally good in getting higher weight of fresh rhizome and curcumin.
Influence of methods of planting and shade on growth ,yield and plumbagin content of ‘Chethikoduveli’ (Plumbago rosea Linn)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1994) Jalaja S Menon; Nybe, E V
Investigations on “ Influence of methods of planting and shade on growth, yield and plumbagin content of ‘Chethikoduveli” (plumbago rosea Linn.)” was conducted at the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1993-’94. The study was undertaken with the main objectives of identifying suitable method of planting for better growth, root yield and plumbagin content and to assess the effect of shade on growth, yield and quality of plumbago. The investigation was also aimed at gathering information regarding the suitability of growing plumbago an intercrop in young coconut garden. A preliminary trial was carried out in order to study the influence of rooting hormone on rooting of plumbago cuttings. Dipping the cuttings in 500 ppm IBA for 30 seconds was found to give a higher survival percentage, higher root number and root length and recorded a lesser time for bud break. Two sets of experiments. One under full sunlight and another under the natural shade of coconut were laid out. The four planting methods tried were ridge and furrow, flat bed, mound and pit followed by mound. The morphological characters studied in the present investigations were the height, spread, number of suckers, total number of leaves, leaf area per plant and internodal length. The yield parameters such as number, length, girth and volume of root and fresh and dry weights of shoot and root per plant, shoot : root ratio and chlorophyll content were also studied. The plumbagin content in the root was also studied. When the two growing conditions were compared, a higher field establishment could be observed under natural shade of coconut. Among the biometric characters studied, shade had a positive influence on internodal length during the entire period of growth. However, the favourable effect of shade on plant height could be observed only during the initial periods of growth. There was not much variation in the total chlorophyll and ratio of chlorophyll a to b under partial and full sunlight. There was no significant difference in the root yield under open and shade conditions. But the crops under partial sunlight recorded a higher shoot weight. Eventhough the crude plumbagin was higher under shade condition, there was no marked difference in the purified plumbagin. The intensity of flowering was found to be high under open condition. The leaf blight incidence, mite damage and nematode attack were also more under open condition. When different plating methods were considered irrespective of shade and open conditions, the four methods studied viz. ridge and furrow, flat bed, mound and pit followed by mound had no significant influence on biometric character, root yield and plumbagin content. The study revealed the possibility of successfully cultivating plumbago as an intercrop in young coconut plantation adopting any method of planting such as ridge and furrow, flat bed, mound and pit followed by mound.
Land use pattern and regional water balance in relation to climate change - a case study of Kanthallor panchayath, Idukki, Kerala
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2018) Vishnumaya, A P; Jalaja S Menon
Morphometric evaluation and propagation studies in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2019) Shankarprasad, K S; Jalaja S Menon
Priming seed rhizome to enhance growth and yield of transplanted ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Dharini Chittaragi; Jalaja S Menon
Seed requirements for quality cashew sprout production
(Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Vellanikkara, 2023-03-23) Suma Madhavan; Jalaja S Menon
Cashew is an important dollar earning plantation crop grown for its delicious kernels. In Kerala, during harvest few nuts may escape collection and the hidden ones will germinate with the onset of rain. These germinated nuts called as cashew sprouts are traditional delicacy among rural people. Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara has commercialised the traditional technology of sprout production which open up an alternative market to cashew growers. Sprout and micro greens are now popular owing to its nutritive value. Commercialization of traditional technology of cashew sprout production needs systematic study on influence of seed nuts characteristics on quality of produce. In this context, the study was formulated to evaluate the response of seed nut size, pre-soaking treatments and varieties on production of quality cashew sprout. The cashew seed nuts available at cashew research station Madakkathara used as study material and the production was done in a specially designed germination chamber. The seed nut size had significant influence on sprouting behaviour and recovery of sprout. Small (below 5 g) and medium (5-7 g) sized nuts recorded lowest mean sprouting time (14.02 and 14. 52 respectively), days to sprout (12 and 12.33 respectively). But there was no significant difference in percent sprouting. Whereas cotyledon recovery (5.76g) and total weight of sprout (7.73g) were significantly high in sprout produced from large seed nut (above 7g). However, the total outturn of sprout from one kilogram of seed nuts was significantly high when small seed nut of below 5 g was used for sprout production (710.5g/kg). The study also elucidated that total outturn had significant negative correlation with seed size, mean sprouting time and days to sprout and significant positive correlation with percent sprouting and sprouting index. Influence of storage of seed nuts on sprouting has shown that there was no significant difference in percent sprouting and sprouting behaviour in seed nuts of current season harvest and seed nuts of previous season harvest stored under temperature 21 0C and relative humidity of 65 %. All seed nuts of previous season harvest stored under ambient condition failed to germinate even with various presoaking treatment. While evaluating the 14 pre-soaking treatments of seed nuts of current season on sprouting behaviour, it was observed that highest percent sprouting (87.5%) was observed in treatment T3 (soaking in water for 72 hours). The days to sprout (11.5 days), days to fifty percent sprouting (13.83days) and mean sprouting time (13.62 days) was significantly low in the same treatment. The seed nut of previous season harvest stored in storage chamber recorded the highest percent germination (80%) days to sprout (12.50 days), days to fifty percent sprouting (14.12 days) and mean sprouting time (13 days) in treatment T4 (soaking of nuts in water for 96 hours.).The pre-soaking has no significant difference in cotyledon characters, total weight of sprout and cotyledon recovery of sprout. The outturn of sprout from one kilogram of seed nut was significantly high when seed nut were pre-soaked in water for 72 hours. The harvested sprouts stored in aluminium laminated cover recorded the lowest physiological loss in weight. The overall acceptability of stored sprout was also significantly good when stored in aluminium laminated cover. The colour of the sprout retained when stored in aluminium laminated cover up to 4 days (150- medium yellow green – A). The viable bacterial count and fungal count was significantly low in sprout stored under aluminium laminated cover. Cashew varieties showed significant difference in sprouting behaviour and recovery of cashew sprout. The percent sprouting was significantly high in variety Anakkayam-1 (97%) and VRI-3 (96%). The total weight of sprout and cotyledon recovery recorded significantly high values in variety NRCC Selection-2 (8.67, 6.76 g respectively).The outturn of sprout from one kg of seed nut was significantly high in variety Anakkayam-1 (675 g/ kg). The outturn of variety Madakkathra-1 (588.4g/kg) was at par. The bio chemical qualities of sprout viz. total sugar (3.3 %), iron (18.65 mg/100g), protein (3.05g/100g) free amino acid (3.33g/100g) were significantly high in variety Anakkayam-1 .The tannin content was the lowest in variety Anakkayam-1 (2.82mg/100g) and Madakkathara-1 (3.70mg/100g).The organoleptic qualities of variety Anakkayam-1, was also preferred over other varieties.
Yield improvement in tranplanted ginger by seed priming and biostimulant spray
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2020) Ann Sneha Baby; Jalaja S Menon