Browsing by Author "Jamaludheen, V"

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Autoallelopathy of selected multipurpose tree species and the effect of their leachates on Agricultural test crop
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2017) Neenu, P; Jamaludheen, V
Biomass production and root distribution pattern of selected acacias
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2014) Mereena, M J; Jamaludheen, V
Biomass production and root distribution pattern of selected fast growing multi-purpose tree species
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry,Vellanikkara, 1994) Jamaludheen, V; Mohankumar, b
A randomized block design experiment involving nine fast growing multi – purpose trees (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. & G Forst., Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de wit. Var. K 8, Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston, Emblica officinalis Gaertn, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Neilson and Artocarpus hirsutus Lamk.) Initiated during June, 1985 was used for the present investigations. The objectives of the study included quantifying the biomass production potential of nine selected fast growing multi-purpose tree species grown under short rotation intensive cultural systems; characterising the root distribution pattern of these trees and also elucidating the extent of nutrient loss through harvest, besides characterising litter dynamics. Acacia and paraserianthes recorded the highest growth rates in terms of height, radial growth and biomass yield. Biomass production decreased in the order: Acacia > Paraserianthes > Casuarina > A. heterophullus > Emblica Pterocarpus > A. hisrsutus > Ailanthus > Leucaena. The most important component of total biomass undoubtedly, was the bole while foliage contributed least to biomass yield. Nevertheless foliage, in general registered the highest N, and K contents. Among the species, Leucaena had the highest N concentration followed by Paraserianthes and Pterocarpus. For P and K concentrations, Pterocarpus and A. hirsutus registered the highest concentration. A one – to – one correspondence between nutrient accumulation and biomass yield was however, lacking because of wide variations in elemental concentrations among species and also among tissue types. Bole fractions, in general, did not account for more than 50 % of total nutrient export from site. Altering the rate of nutrient removal in products is one of the most important design criteria in planning for sustainable plantion. N-fixing tree plots generally had a higher soil N status. Casuarina, Emblica and Pterocarpus plots were having higher P levels. Acacia, Paraserianthes and A. hisrsutus plots registered markedly higher K level. The amount of litterfall was maximum for Acacia and the minimum for Pterocarpus. Litterfall also followed a unimodal distribution pattern with a distinct peak during the November – January period and the period of lean fall was during May-August. Litter dynamics accounted for bulk of the nutrient inputs into the system. The retranslocation of mineral nutrients from senescing leaves to younger leaves and /or other tissues prior to abscission was obvious. Leucaena, Paraserianthes, Pterocarpus, Acacia, Alinathus and Emblica formed examples of high (> 1.5%) detrital N content. Generally the wet period (June – August) was characterised by increased concentration of N in litter. Litter P did not follow a consistent pattern with respect to seasons. However, a characteristic decline in litter K concentration was noticed during the rainy season. Mass disappearance of litter samples followed a negative expontential relationship. Leucaena litter, having the highest initial N content, decomposed compeletely in the shortest period (9 months). Root system studies suggest that A. hetrophyllus, Emblica and Paraserianthes are perhaps unsuitable for intensive mixing and close planting in agroforestry as they possess shallow and highly spreading root system. Ailanthus is perhaps a better candidate species for the above purpose as it possess relatively lower lateral root spread and at the same time having a deep tap root system. Root activity paatern of Artocarpus hisrsutus revealed that more than 75% of fine roots responsible for water nutrient absorption is concentrated in the 75 cm radius around the base of the tree. Recovery of 32P declined as depth of application increased. The combination of lowest lateral distance (75 cm) and depth (30 cm) accounted for more than 30% root activity.
Investigation of agroforestry models suitable for southern high hills of Kerala
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2024-12-31) Reshma, M Raj.; Jamaludheen, V
The research project entitled “Investigations on agroforestry models suitable for Sothern high hills of Kerala” was carried out Adimali and Mankulam Panchayaths, Idukki district, Kerala during 2020-2022. The main objective of the study was to conduct on- farm trials of silvopastoral practices in the selected farmer field, to screen suitable bamboo species for the selected panchayath and to explore the soil fertility changes associated with these intercropping systems. In case of on- farm trials of silvopatoral practices the treatment consisted of four fodder tree species (Calliandra, Kadamba, Gliricidia and Mulberry) with plant density (45cm x 45 cm) and cutting frequency (12 weeks) in a randomized block design with five replications. In the second experiment ie. trial on screening of bamboo species, the treatment consisted of five promising bamboo species (Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus brandisii, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa balcooa, and Dendrocalamus stocksii) with 5m x 5m spacing in a randomized block design. The result revealed that Gliricidia, Calliandra, Mulberry and Kadamba produced comparable dry fodder yield under farmland. Annual dry forage yield was significantly higher in Calliandra with 7.71 Mg ha-1 yr-1. Significant variation was also noticed with regard to proximate composition. The leaf crude protein content in fodder biomass was significantly higher in cases of Gliricidia with 53.21 per cent. Comparing the fodder tree species Calliandra shows significantly lower crude fibre (19.90 per cent) than the other fodder trees. However, Mulberry had 147 higher ash (17.28 per cent) and P content (0.23 per cent) than other fodder trees. Intercropping fodder trees (Gliricidia, Calliandra, Mulberry, Kadamba) under the farmland produced significant changes in some soil parameters after the initial year of establishment. In comparison to the open plot, soil properties particularly the soil organic carbon was improved. Precisely, the fodder trees significantly influenced the total and seasonal forage yield and proximate composition. The annual fresh forage and dry forage yield was significantly higher in case of Calliandra with 29.14 and 7.71 Mg ha-1yr-1 respectively. Calliandra recorded significantly high biomass of 3.71 Mg ha-1 and 14.22 Mg ha-1 respectively in dry and wet seasons. However, Mulberry contains highest of potassium (2.70per cent), phosphorus (0.23per cent) and ash content (17.28per cent). While screening the bamboo species planted at Mankulam, the initial growth performance was significantly higher in case of Dendrocalamus strictus (T3) with higher clump length (111.42 cm), number of nodes (8.47) and current year shoots (23.06) followed by Dendrocalamus brandisii with clump length of 96.75cm at one year of growth. Both these bamboo species are promising in this part of southern high hills of Idukki.
Litter dynamics and soil changes under six-year-old bamboo stands
(Department of silviculture and agroforestry, college of forestry ,Vellanikkara, 2023-12-19) Vijay , Kumar; Jamaludheen, V
Performance of selected medicinal herbs under rubber and cashew plantations
(Department of silviculture and agroforestry, College of forestry, Vellanikkara, 2015) Mir Faizan Anwar; Jamaludheen, V
A field experiment was conducted at Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala to assess the understorey productivity of three herbaceous medicinal crops viz. Zingiber officinale (ginger), Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) and Kaempferia galanga L. (Lesser galangal) under mature rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg,) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) plantations. The biophysical attributes influencing the productivity of the land management systems and the biochemical changes in the products of understorey crops were studied. Additionally, soil carbon sequestration in both the given land use systems and the treeless open plot was estimated. Mean mid day (12–1p.m) understorey photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels were more in cashew (1275 μ moles m-2sec-1) than rubber (1072.5 moles μ m-2sec-1) with respective understorey PAR transmittance of 56.62percent and 44.1percent of full sunlight. The stand leaf area index (LAI) values in rubber and cashew were 1.98 and 1.43 respectively. Growth parameters of understorey crops varied noticeably among land use systems. Plant height and pseudostem length of ginger were greater in rubber and that of turmeric was in cashew. Leaf spread of galangal was higher in rubber. Root length of all crops was maximum in treeless open plot followed by cashew and rubber plantations. Ginger and turmeric exhibited highest tiller and leaf production in treeless open plot followed by cashew and rubber. However, higher tiller and leaf production in galangal were in rubber. Rhizome yield varied appreciably among the land use systems over the growth period. Rhizome yield at final harvest for ginger and galangal was maximum in treeless open (3.46 and 3.06 Mg ha-1 respectively) while that of turmeric was in the cashew plot (7.63 Mg ha-1) explicating the influence of PAR on understorey productivity. Regression equation relating PAR rhizome yields showed statistical reliability with high coefficient of determination (R2) values. Total chlorophyll content of understorey crops was highest in rubber followed by cashew and open. Oleoresin also showed such a trend with highest 148 percent of 10.68, 4.49 and 2.60 for turmeric, ginger and galangal respectively under rubber. However, nutrient accumulation in the above and below ground parts of all the crops was higher in cashew compared to rubber. With respect to carbon sequestration, soil organic carbon stocks in the upper most layer (0-20 cm) were higher in rubber (18.38 Mg ha-1) followed by cashew (18.28 Mg ha-1) and treeless open plot (15.07 Mg ha-1) validating the influence of trees in improving the soil through addition of organic matter. This zone being important from intercropping point of view, relevance of wooded land use systems for understorey productivity is emphasised. The total carbon stocks in 1m soil depth, were highest in cashew (68.70 Mg ha-1) followed by rubber (64.74 Mg ha-1) and open (52.04 Mg ha-1). It may be thus deduced from the present study that in terms of yield attributes, ginger, turmeric and galangal have better prospects in wooded land use system in general and the specific advantage of cashew over rubber was also obvious. This may be attributed to relatively better PAR transmission, higher nutrient accumulation and lesser root competition in cashew. Further, the better quality of rhizomes under comparably higher shade levels suggests their suitability in tree-based land use systems
Selection and evaluation of superior planting materials of Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) in Thrissur
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2018) Abijith, R; Jamaludheen, V
A nursery and field experiment was conducted to evaluate the superior performance of selected candidate plus trees of Ailanthus triphysafrom the Thrissur District, Kerala. The demand of this timber was very much increased because of its fast growing nature and diversity of utilizations. Hence, the tree improvement of this species is the need of the hour that might result increased quality and reduced rotation time. The possible gain expected through the phenotypic selection can also be directly utilised by the tree growers. The candidate plus trees were identified and selected by adopting the comparison tree method. The seeds collected were used to study the germination parameters at tree nursery of College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University. The initial growth performances of the progenies of the selected CPTs were evaluated at nursery in a completely randomised design and also at the field in a randomised block design and the data were statistically analysed using Analysis of Variance technique. The progenies of the selected CPTs showed significant variation in their initial growth parameters. The highest germination per cent of 83.50 was exhibited by CPT-11 and the lowest of 67 per cent by CPT-1. After the six months of observation in the nursery, CPT-11 attained the maximum height of 88.67cm and lowest height by CPT-5 (76.33cm). The maximum plant height (99 cm) and girth (21.04 cm)in the field was also exhibited by CPT-11. The CPT-11, CPT-10 and CPT-9 were the top performers compared to other selections. The CPT-1 was the inferior in the nursery and also in the field. The CPTs that exhibited superiority in germination percentage, germination value and mean daily germination also exhibited distinctively superior growth in the nursery and in the field. In fact, the identification and selection of superior quality planting materials of Ailanthus triphysahas a greater role in the tree improvement. The single tree selection is the best method for the production of superior progenies and this can be useful for the future afforestation and seedling production for getting high quality timber with short rotation period. From this study we recommend CPT-11, CPT-10 and CPT-9 for achieving these objectives.
Soil and vegetation characteristics in the post flood scenario in selected tree based land use system in Thrissur, Kerala
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry Vellanikkara, 2020) Arshad, A.; Jamaludheen, V
Soil productivity changes under selected exotic forest tree species with special reference to beneficial microflora
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2014) Tejkaran Patidar; Jamaludheen, V
Soil productivity changes under selected indigenous forest tree species with special reference to beneficial microflora
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2014) Lakshmy, A; Jamaludheen, V
Soil properties and productivity of medicinal crops in Dendrocalamus Stocksii (Munro.) based agricultural system
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2023-02-23) Lalitkumar Lekuprasad Maurya; Jamaludheen, V
The research work entitled “Soil properties and productivity of medicinal crops in Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) based agrisilvicultural system” was caried with an aim to assess the growth and productivity of D. stocksii (4-year-old) and intercrops in an agrisilvicultural system. The study also monitored changes in soil physicochemical properties under D. stocksii and the understory PAR availability under varying densities of D. stocksii. Apart from these, leaf litter production pattern under this bamboo species was also studied. The experiment was laid out in Split- plot design involving three spacing treatments of D. stocksii (8x8m, 8x6m, 8x4m) intercropped with three medicinal crops (Kasturi turmeric, turmeric and ginger) along with a bambooless control treatment (sole crops) each replicated thrice which was laid out in the ongoing All India Coordinated Research Project on Agroforestry trial plots at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Trissur during 2021-2022. The results of the study revealed that the growth attributes of D. stocksii were significantly affected by varied spacings. As the spacing increased from closer to wider, all growth parameters (except the culm height and internodal length) were found to increase and 8x8 m was the most favourable. Under different spacings, the understory PAR transmittance decreased with decrease in spacing. The mean PAR transmittance percentage across the seasons in 8x8m, 8x6 m and 8x4 m was 54.79, 43.52 and 34.15 respectively. Mean Mid-day PAR transmittance was 64.64, 53.88 and 42.15 % under bamboo spacings of 8x8, 8x6 and 8x4 m respectively. Mean LAI in 8x4 m was 4.35 and lowest was recorded in 8x8 m (2.31) which was 46.90 % higher than under the closest spacing 8x4 m. For the litterfall, a bimodal seasonal pattern was evidenced with the maximum litterfall observed under closest spacing (10.11 Mg ha–1) and lowest under widest spacing (7.86 Mg ha–1). The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf breadth of all intercrops were found maximum at 8x8 m spacing and lowest under open plot. Tillers per plant of Kasturi turmeric and turmeric was maximum in open plot followed by 8x8 m spacing while ginger recorded the maximum tillers per plant under 8x8 m and lowest was under 8x4 m spacing. The rhizome yield of intercrops was significantly influenced by varying spacings of D. stocksii. The highest rhizome yield for Kasturi turmeric (25.22 Mg ha-1) and turmeric (22.42 Mg ha-1) was noted in open plot which was on par with the widest spacing of 8x8 m (23.89 and 21.02 Mg ha-1) and the lowest yield (13.36 and 12.20 Mg ha-1) was noticed in 8x4 m spacing. In case of ginger, highest rhizome yield (19.92 Mg ha-1) was observed at bamboo spacing of 8x8 m. The oleoresin content of Kasturi turmeric, turmeric and ginger was found higher (11.37, 9.07 and 4.84 %) under intermediate spacing (8x6 m) which was at par with 8x8 m (10.28, 8.28 and 4.54) and lowest in open plot. All the physico-chemical properties of soil under intercropping system were decreased with increase in spacings and soil depths except for bulk density and soil pH. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and soil moisture content (SMC) was found higher in 8x4 m spacing and lowest was in open plot. The soil available NPK was also found maximum in closest spacing (8x4 m) (Kasturi turmeric: 308.78, 25.96, 151.42 kg/ha; turmeric: 315.34, 24.85,157 kg/ha; ginger: 330.99, 25.23, 146.45 kg/ha respectively) and lowest was in open plots of these crops. Soil organic carbon (SOC) under intercropping of bamboo+ Kasturi turmeric, turmeric and ginger was highest at 8x4 m (1.08, 1.06 and 1.09 % respectively). Soil available S, Ca and Mg at top soil was recorded highest in 8x4 m spacing (Kasturi turmeric 8.31, 227.50, 151.42 mg/kg; Turmeric 9.67, 222.32, 157 mg/kg; Ginger 10.53, 212.14, 146.45 mg/kg respectively) and lowest was in the open plot. All the physicochemical properties of soil under bamboo within 1 m distance from clumps showed decreasing trend with increase in spacings and soil depths except bulk density and soil pH which showed increasing trend. The EC, SMC, SOC, NPK, S, Ca and Mg was maximum under closest spacing (0.285 dS m–1, 17.59 %, 1.12 %, 324.12, 28.60, 161.1 kg/ha, 10.06, 278.40 and 124.52 mg/kg respectively) and lowest was under bamboo less open plot. Total gross and net return/ha (bamboo + intercrops) was highest under 8x8 m spacing compared to open plot (sole crops) and as spacings decreased these returns also decreased. When compared to spacing and intercrop combinations, Kasturi turmeric, turmeric and ginger intercropped under widest spacing (8x8 m) showed better B:C ratio (3.25, 2.48 and 2.47 respectively). It is concluded that widest spacing (8x8 m) is more favourable to bamboo growth as compared to closer spacings. At the same time, the wider (8x8 m) spacing proved to be better for utilizing the growing space for intercropping with higher productivity compared to the closer spacings. All the intercrops performed well with a mean daily PAR transmittance of 54.79 % and a mid-day PAR transmittance of 64.64 % available to the understorey. The mean PAR reduction (45.21 %) under 8x8 m spacing proved acclamatory for ginger with higher productivity compared to open conditions, while in case of Kasturi turmeric and turmeric, it caused marginal decrease in productivity compared to open conditions. Physico-chemical properties was found to be improved with maximum amount of nutrient reserves in closest spacing (8x4 m). This closest spacing could be viewed as a good option for the reclamation of poor and degraded lands while the widest spacing (8x8 m) could be recommend as a viable farming practice for higher economic returns in the humid tropic region of Kerala.
Standardisation of macro - proliferation technology for mass production of selected bamboo species of Kerala
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry , Vellanikkara, 2023-12-10) Devi, S R; Jamaludheen, V
Macro-proliferation is the technology where plants are multiplied by separating the rhizomes in a way that each part contains a shoot and root (Bainik, 2015). This method is useful to produce two to four bamboos in a single generation from a single sapling. This process can be continued by further multiplying the macroproliferated bamboo by following the same process. In the case of Bamboo, where the flowering cycle is large and the availability of viable seeds is limited this method of macroproliferation has a huge advantage. This can be used for the large scale propagation of bamboo, as it is economical, has minimal labour requirements and suitable procedure. In this study, three species of bamboos are selected which include Bambusa balcooa, Ochlandra setigera, Dendrocalamus asper. The planting stock of Bambusa balcooa and Dendrocalamus asper were obtained from GrowMore Biotech Ltd, Hosur, Tamilnadu. The plants were six months old produced by tissue culture and hardened and grown in the polythene bag of size 4’’x 8’’. The seedlings of Ochlandra setigera was obtained from Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur. The collected seedlings were kept in the shade house of Tree Nursery and regular watering was done except on rainy days. The weedings were carried out at regular intervals. After six months of growth, the seedlings of selected species were subjected to macro proliferation. Seedlings were separated and roots were dipped overnight in a solution containing the 0, 100, 250 and 500 ppm of IBA (Indole 3 Butyric Acid, make Merk), and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid, make SRL) for plant growth hormone treatment. Three NPK doses (2.5, 5 and 7 g each of NPK) were applied per seedlings to evaluate the effect of fertilizer on the tillering and rooting. The seedlings without growth regulators and fertilization will be kept in control. The complex NPK fertilizer in the ratio 18:18:18 was used for the study. The fertilizer was applied after the establishment of seedlings and before the appearance of new tillers. The propagules were transplanted in polythene bags containing the medium soil, sand and cow dung in a ratio of 2:1:1. Potting media was properly filled with care to make sure that the seedlings have a strong base to grow upon with water-holding capacity and sufficient nutrients. The propagules were watered uniformly two times a day for the first three days and then watered one time every day. Different shoot growth parameters, root growth parameters and moisture content levels were studied in this research. In the case of Bambusa balcooa, pertinent to shoot growth attributes, the maximum number of tiller growth is observed in IBA@100ppm for 7.5g (6.33), where the maximum number of nodes (7.00), collar diameter (4.81 cm), total seedling length (45.00 cm), and internodal length (8.00 cm) is registered in NAA@500ppm for 2.5g. The maximum number of leaves (24.46) is observed in NAA@250ppm for 7.5g and the maximum leaf area (19.00 cm2) in IBA@250ppm for 7.5g. The root growth attributes of Bambusa balcooa infers maximum value in terms of root length (max) (26.00 cm), root length (min) (4.67 cm) and root number (32.00) for NAA @ 100 ppm for 2.5g, IBA@100ppm for 5.0g and NAA@250ppm for 2.5g respectively and the minimum value for root length (max) (12.00 cm), root length (min) (1.60 cm) and root number (6.00) are observed in NAA@500 ppm for 7.5g. The maximum moisture content of Bambusa balcooa stem (5.18%), root (0.77%) and leaf (0.40%) are observed for NAA@100ppm for 5.0g, IBA@500ppm for 5.0g and NAA@100 ppm for 2.5g respectively and the minimum value for moisture content of stem (0.31) for NAA@500ppm for 5.0g and minimum moisture content of root (0.77%) and leaf (0.40%) for NAA@500ppm for 7.5g. On comparing the shoot growth attributes of Ochlandra setigera, the maximum number of tiller growth is observed in IBA@100ppm for 2.5g (4.67), where the maximum number of nodes (3.75), collar diameter (5.49 cm), total seedling length (35.03 cm), internodal length (10.08 cm), number of leaves (7.64) and leaf area (43.33 cm2 ) is registered in NAA@500ppm for 7.5g, NAA@100ppm for 7.5g, NAA@500ppm for 7.5g, IBA@100ppm for 2.5g, NAA@100ppm for 2.5g and NAA@500ppm for 2.5g respectively. The root growth attributes of Ochlandra setigera infer maximum value in terms of root length (max) (28.67 cm), root length (min) (4.50 cm) and root number (21.50) for NAA @ 500 ppm for 2.5g, NAA@100ppm for 7.5g and IBA@100 ppm for 2.5g respectively and the minimum value for root length (max) (18.67 cm), root length (min) (2.50 cm) and root number (9.00) is observed in IBA@100 ppm for 5.0g, IBA@100 ppm for 2.5g, and NAA@500ppm for 7.5g respectively. The moisture content of the parts of Ochlandra setigera registers, the maximum moisture content of stem (7.43%), root (1.18%) and leaf (1.62%) for NAA@100ppm for 7.5g, and NAA@100ppm for 2.5g respectively and the minimum value for moisture content of stem (1.34%), root (0.07%) and leaf (0.37%) for NAA@100ppm for 7.5g, NAA@100ppm for 5.0g, and IBA@500ppm for 7.5g respectively. With respect to, sprouting attributes of Dendrocalamus asper on treatment, most of the seedlings didn’t survive, so a comparison was carried out with the survived seedlings under IBA @100ppm for different fertilizer levels with the control. On comparing the shoot growth attributes the maximum number of tiller growth (5.0) is registered for 2.5g @NPK and the minimum for control treatment (1.5). With respect to the number of nodes (4.23), collar diameter (4.11cm), number of leaves (6.79), total seedling length (29.70 cm), internodal length (7.47cm) and leaf area (52.25cm2), the maximum value is registered for the control treatment. The root growth attributes of Dendrocalamus asper infer maximum value in terms of root length (max) (31.70 cm) for 2.5g, root length (min) (3.40 cm) for 2.5 and 7.5g and root number (32.50) for control treatment respectively and the minimum value for root length (max) (22.25 cm), root length (min) (2.75 cm) for control treatment and root number (23.00) 7.5g of fertilizer dosages respectively. The moisture content of stem (6.81%), root (0.40%) and leaves (0.33%) of Dendrocalamus asper infers the maximum value in control treatment and the minimum value for moisture content of stem (0.62%) and leaves (0.14%) for 7.5g and moisture content of root minimum for treatment at 5.0g of fertilizer dosages respectively. The Bambusa balcooa, Ochlandra setigera and Dendrocalamus asper respond differently to the treatments. The survival percentage of the seedlings with respect to the treatments followed as Bambusa balcooa > Ochlandra setigera > Dendrocalamus asper. The species' sprouting performance followed the Ochlandra setigera > Bambusa balcooa > Dendrocalamus asper. On comparing the influence of the planting hormones, NAA has more influence on Bambusa balcooa and Ochlandra setigera where the NAA treated Dendrocalamus asper fails to survive. The majority of sprouting attributes also infer a negative correlation with the fertilizer dosages.
Standardisation of planting stock production techniques for teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.)
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Vellanikkara, 2020) Vijayalakshmi, K P; Jamaludheen, V
Understorey productivity of selected fodder grasses in mature coconut and rubber plantations
(Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Vellanikkara, 2018) Rose Mary Jose; Jamaludheen, V