Browsing by Author "Krishnakumary, K"

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Comparative performance of banana (Musa aab cv. Nendran) at different planting intensities
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1995) Krishnakumary, K; Radhakrishnan, T C; Estellita, S; Mercy, K A
Effect of irrigation schedules on growth and yield of Banana cv. Nendran (Musa AAI5)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1995) Krishnakumary, K; Pradeep, K P; Rema Menon
Evaluation of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) accessions for yield and quality
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Anila Peter; Krishnakumary, K
Follower timing and nutrient requirement of ratoon crop of banana cv. musa (Aab) 'Mysore' (Palayankodan)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1994) Pradeep, K P; Krishnakumary, K; Rugmini, P
Genotypic and seasonal influence on leaf spot disease in amaranth
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Krishnakumary, K; Rajan, S
The investigation on " Genotypic and seasonal influence on leafspot disease in amaranth" was undertaken in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during 1996 - 1998. The objectives of the study were to identify amaranth accessions resistant to leaf spot disease, to isolate and identify the pathogens associated with the disease, to study the seasonal influence on leaf spot and yield and to find the possibility for biochemical cataloguing of amaranth accessions. Evaluation of 168 amaranth accessions for leaf spot disease resulted in identification of 14 immune, 15 resistant, 19 moderately resistant, 34 moderately susceptible and 86 highly susceptible accessions. Red types were found highly susceptible as compared to green types. Disease infection occurred within 15 days of planting resulted in maximum percentage of disease severity. Two types of leaf spot symptoms were inflicted and causal organisms identified were Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. and Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby. The two organisms either alone or in ombination caused the incidence and development of leaf spot disease. Red types were infected by Rhizoctonia solani alone where as the green types were infected by both pathogens. Seasonal influence on disease recorded maximum disease severity in July crop and minimum in April crop. Low temperature, high relative humidity and high rainfall were the favourable weather conditions for disease development. Leaf spot in amaranth was negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures where as relative humidity and rainfall were positively correlated with the disease. Highest yield was realised in March planted crop and lowest in June crop. Yield and yield attributes except plant height were positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures where as relative humidity and rainfall were positively correlated with them. High content of total phenols, OD phenol and ascorbic acid were recorded in immune and resistant accessions than susceptible. Total phenol content was higher in rainy season. OD phenol, ascorbic acid and pigments decreased upon infection in rainy season. Oxalates and nitrates had no influence on leaf spot disease development. High negative correlation was found between total phenol, OD phenol, .ascorbic acid, chlorophyll 'a' and 'b' and disease. Generally immune and resistant accessions had more number of PPO and PRX bands than susceptible types. The additional band expressed in diseased condition in certain accessions can be taken as the biological marker for leaf spot resistance.
Guide on tropical vegetable seed production
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2005) Mini, C; Krishnakumary, K
New leaf spot disease in green amaranth
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2000) Krishnakumary, K; Sally K Mathew; Rajan, S
Optimizing propagation techniques in neelayamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2019) Mekha Mariam, Abraham; Krishnakumary, K
India is acknowledged as one of the world’s richest treasure trove of medicinal plants. Neelayamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.) commonly known as ‘Indian indigo’, is a commercially grown leguminous plant of medicinal importance. The extract of the leaves is reported to have remarkable effect on hair growth and in preventing juvenile greying of hair. Due to the presence of many worthy phytochemicals, the crop is being documented in ‘Ashtangahridaya’ and is being cultivated by several pharmaceutical entrepreneurs, both in public and private sector. Like most of the medicinal plants, the cheapest method of propagation of this crop is through seeds. However, poor germination and vigour of seeds is a major problem in Neelayamari. In addition, heavy loss in seed yield occurs due to the splitting of pods at maturity. The study ‘Optimizing propagation techniques in Neelayamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)’ was conducted in the Department of Plantation crops and Spices, with the objectives of standardizing the physiological maturity stage in Indigofera tinctoria L. for seed harvest, presowing seed treatments to enhance seed quality and longevity and vegetative propagation technique in Indigofera tinctoria L. through stem cuttings. In order to assess the stage of attainment of physiological maturity for seed harvest in Neelayamari, flowers were tagged on the day of anthesis and the pods were harvested at five days interval from 30 days of anthesis up to the pod splitting stage (63 days after anthesis). It was observed that the values of pod, seed and seedling characters increased up to 45 days after anthesis to reach their highest and thereafter declined till the pod splitting stage (63 days after anthesis). Germination and vigour indices at 45 days after anthesis were 73.80 per cent, 485 and 294 respectively and those at the pod splitting stage were found to be 31.33 per cent, 132 and 65 respectively. Hence, it was inferred that the seeds of Neelayamari reached physiological maturity stage by 45 days after anthesis. The seeds harvested at physiological maturity were dried to 8 per cent moisture content and subjected to various seed treatments before being packed in 700 gauge polyethylene bags. Untreated seeds served as the control. The seeds were stored under ambient conditions upto six months. The scarification treatments included treatment with Conc. H2SO4 for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, mechanical scarification with sand, hot water treatment at 80oC for 20 minutes and 60oC for 30 minutes and hydration for 24 hours. The quality parameters of the stored seeds were recorded at monthly intervals during the storage period and were put for germination test in sterilized sand media. Results pointed out that most of the seed treatments were effective in enhancing germination. High initial germination was recorded in mechanically scarified (95.83 %) and hydrated seeds (93.27%), while the untreated seeds showed a germination of 74.33 per cent. Vigour index I (703 and 698 respectively) and II (430 and 428 respectively) were also the highest in these treatments. Seed treatment with sulphuric acid, however, proved to be detrimental. Seed treatment also helped in extending the viability of the seeds. Mechanically scarified and hydrated seeds retained their germination above 60 per cent for six months during storage (65.67% and 63.67% respectively), while, in untreated seeds, germination reached 61.33 per cent at four months of storage and declined to 44.34 per cent by six months of storage. Seeds treated with sulphuric acid never attained the germination of sixty per cent throughout the storage period and those treated with sulphuric acid for 15 minutes failed to germinate at sixth month of storage. EC was found to be the lowest in hydrated seeds (0.0011 dSm-1) and mechanically scarified seeds (0.0012 dSm-1). The results thus indicated that mechanical scarification of seeds or hydropriming for 24 h can not only improve seed germination and seed quality but also prolong the longevity of the seeds. It was also noticed that all the seed quality parameters declined along the storage period. Attempt to assess the possibility of vegetative propagation in Neelayamari was carried out using hardwood, semi-hardwood and softwood cuttings, exposed to varying doses of IBA (250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm and 2500 ppm) and charcoal slurry dip. The cuttings were planted in polythene bags and were maintained in a mist chamber. Initially, the experiment was conducted during summer season and only the softwood cuttings treated with 2000 (8.89%) and 1500 ppm IBA (5.53%) survived after 60 days of planting, while all others withered and dried off. The experiment was then repeated during rainy season and the best results were obtained in the season. Softwood cuttings treated with 2000 ppm IBA during rainy season exhibited early sprouting (7.18 days) and a field establishment of 70.67 per cent. In comparison, the semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings exhibited very low establishment rates of 21.77 per cent and 17.90 per cent respectively. Hence, it was evident that vegetative propagation using softwood cuttings treated with 2000 ppm IBA during rainy season can be relied upon as an alternative propagation method in Neelayamari.
Screening ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) genotypes under different growing conditions and for value addition
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Nimisha Mathews; Krishnakumary, K
Ginger is an important commercial spice crop grown in India for culinary and medicinal purposes. The present study entitled “Screening ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) genotypes under different growing conditions and for value addition” was taken up at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2015-18 to evaluate the performance of ginger genotypes with respect to yield and quality, growth under different growing conditions, quality of different maturity stages and to identify types suitable for different value added products. A total of fourteen somaclones developed through indirect organogenesis and indirect embryogenesis were selected for the study. Genotypes exhibited wide variability in plant characters, yield characters and quality attributes. Plant height was maximum in the somaclone SE 86102 (107.35 cm) at 6 months growth stage. Number of tillers was maximum in CHP118 (20.33) at 6 months stage. Number of leaves per shoot was found higher in CHP 118 (28.67) and in SE 86 26. Leaf area was the highest in CHP 118 at 4 months stage and C8632 at 6 months stage. Among the physiological parameters recorded, photosynthetic and transpiration rates were the highest in CHP 118 and SE 86 42. Number of primary and secondary rhizomes was maximum in SE 8626, CHP 118 and C8632 (>30 t/ha). Weight of primary and secondary rhizomes was highest in SE 8626 and SE 8642. Fresh yield was highest in SE 8626, CHP 118, SE 8642 & C 8632. Driage (23%) and dry yield (7.9t/ha) were the highest in SE 8626. The quality attributes such as volatile oil, oleoresin and crude fiber contents varied significantly among the genotypes. The highest content of volatile oil (3.62%) was recorded in CHP 118. Oleoresin content (>6%) was maximum in Rio-de- Jenairo. Fibre content increased with age of rhizomes recording lowest values (< 2.5%) in SE 86 83, C 86 26 and SE 86 42. Highest content of Gingerol (1.48 %) and Shogoal (0.16%) was recorded in Rio –de- Janeiro and CHP 282 respectively. Among the genotypes evaluated under different growing conditions, variability in plant height was observed. During the growth stages, all the genotypes exhibited higher plant height under rain shelter condition, whereas at 6 months stage plants were taller in open field. Number of tillers and leaves were significantly higher in open condition. Tiller number ranged from 14 to 17 under open field and 6 to 7 in rain shelter. Leaf area was the highest at 5 months growth stage which later decreased. Among the two growing conditions, the highest leaf area was observed in open condition in SE 8640 and SEHP 9. Generally, somaclones grown in open condition recorded higher yield and SEHP 9, SE 8081 and SE 8640 were identified as higher yielders. But in SE 86 40, the yield was on par both in open and rain shelter conditions indicating its suitability for growing under rain shelter condition. Driage did not differ significantly between the two growing conditions. Driage and dry yield were higher in SE 86 81 and SEHP 9. Higher values for photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were recorded in open field. Among the two growing conditions, quality parameters were higher in rainshelter cultivation though not significant. SE 8640 recorded the highest volatile oil content under both growing conditions (open field -4.45 % and rain shelter -4.67 %). All genotypes except SE 8640 recorded an oleoresin content of more than 5 %. Fibre content increased with maturity recording maximum values at 7 months stage. Lower fibre content was recorded under rain shelter condition. Among the somaclones, SE 8681 and SE 86131 recorded lower values for fiber content at 5 months stage. Elite varieties satisfying the requirements for specific end products are the need of the hour to capitalize on the processing front. Biochemical parameters such as moisture content, TSS, titratable acidity, pH and colour were recorded for analyzing the storage stability of the products viz., candy, flakes and powder. The somaclones SE 8683, C 8626 and SE 8642 were found to be the best for candy preparation based on its overall consumer acceptability and storage stability. SE 8683, C 8626 and SE 8642 were found suitable for flakes preparation and SE 8683, C 8626, SE 8642 and C8632 for making quality ginger powder.
Screening of spice chilli (Capsicum annuum L) genotypes suitable for Kerala
(Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Nabeela, K; Krishnakumary, K
Seed maturity and seed longevity studies in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) varieties
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2012) Rohit Kumar Dhobi; Krishnakumary, K
The present investigation on “Seed maturity and seed longevity studies in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) varieties” was carried out in the Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during the year 2010-2012 with the objective of standardising the physiological maturity of snake gourd varieties for better seed quality, understanding the influence of fruit size and position of seeds within the fruit on seed quality and studying the effect of storage conditions on seed quality and longevity. Investigation on physiological maturity indicated that fruits attained maximum weight and length when harvested at 36 days after anthesis in Baby and 39 days after anthesis in Kaumudi. Seed quality parameters viz., number of seeds per fruit, fresh and dry weight of seeds, 100 seed weight, germination percent, speed of germination, seedling length and vigour index were maximum in fruits harvested at 36 and 39 days after anthesis in Baby and Kaumudi respectively. Morphological characters of the fruit at this stage included change in fruit colour turning red at the tip portion and the placenta colour changing to red. Seeds got detached from the mucilaginous placenta and seed coat became hard with well developed ring on the seed surface. Large sized fruits recorded maximum values for length and weight of fruits, and number and weight of seeds. Seed quality parameters viz., germination percent, seedling length and vigour index were found to be high in seeds obtained from medium sized fruits when compared to large and small sized fruits in both the varieties. Among the different portions of the fruit (pedicel, middle and stylar regions), middle portion recorded higher fruit weight, number and weight of seeds, germination percent and vigour index in small, medium and large sized fruits compared to pedicel and stylar regions in both the varieties. The effect of storage conditions influenced seed quality parameters in both varieties of snake gourd. Maximum germination, seedling length and vigour were obtained at 3rd month in ambient storage condition and 4th month in A/C storage condition and a decline in these parameters was observed in later months of storage. Lowest values for germination, seedling length and vigour were recorded at 12th month in both the conditions of storage (ambient and A/C) in both varieties. Seeds stored under A/C condition exhibited higher quality compared to those stored under ambient condition and Kaumudi recorded higher values for seed quality than Baby. Activity of the enzyme dehydrogenase was found to decrease over storage period in both the varieties studied. Generally values were higher under A/C storage condition than open condition and among varieties, values were slightly higher in Kaumudi than Baby. Electrical conductivity values of the seed leachate were found to increase with increase in storage period under ambient and A/C conditions of storage in both the varieties namely Baby and Kaumudi and the increase was more in seeds stored in open condition than A/C condition.
Seed quality enhancement in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) by film coating technique
(Department Of Olericulture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Thontadarya, R N; Krishnakumary, K