Browsing by Author "Kuruvilla, Varughese"

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Effect of phenophased irrigation on vegetable cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis) under graded doses of nitrogen and phosphorus
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1995) Jyothi, K I; Kuruvilla, Varughese
An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the college of Agriculture, Vellayani in the summer rice fallows during 1933 to study the effect of phenophased irrigation on vegetable cowpea cv. Malika under graded doses of nitrogen and phosphorus. The trial was laid out as a 5 x 3 factorial experiment in randomised block design with 3 replications. The treatments comprised of five irrigation treatments and three ratios of N and P. The study revealed that the crop responded to irrigation and application of N and P at the ratio of 30 and 45 kg ha-1. Biometric characters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant, LAI, total DMP and CGR and yield attributing characters viz. number of pods per plant, length of the pods and number of seeds per pod were favourably influenced by maintaining a moisture regime of 75 per cent of field capacity throughout the crop growth period. The maximum LAI, total DMP, CGR and yield attributes viz. number of pods per plant, length of the pods and number of seeds per pod were significantly increased upto an NP ratio of 30:45 kg ha-1. Irrigation treatments could not produce any marked difference in green pod yield mainly due to the frequent rainfall received during the harvesting period of one and a half months. Unlike pod yield, haulm yield was appreciably influenced by irrigation and the maximum haulm yield was noticed by irrigating the crop at 75 per cent of field capacity throughout the crop growth period. The maximum yield of green pods and haulm were noticed at an NP ratio of 30:45 kg ha-1. The uptake of major nutrients viz. N, P and K by the crop and the quality parameters (protein content of pods) significantly increased by irrigation at 75 per cent of field capacity throughout the crop growth period and at the NP ratio of 30:45 kg ha-1. The field water-use efficiency was higher in less frequently irrigated plots and at an NP ratio of 30:45kg ha-1. Soil moisture-extraction pattern showed that on an average, the crop extracted 67.29, 23.05 and 9.66 per cent of moisture from 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depths respectively. Drier regimes and an increase in NP ratio showed a tendency to extract more moisture from deeper layers. The yield response factor indicated a marginal response of the crop to moisture stress at the flowering stage. Available N, P and K contents of the soil after the experiment indicated a decrease in soil nutrient status with an increase in the number of irrigations. The results of economic analysis revealed that net income and benefit cost ratio increased by irrigating the crop at 75 per cent of field capacity throughout the crop growth period and at the NP ratio of 30:45 kg ha-1.
Response of seed priming nutrient management and irrigation on upland rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, 2000) Usha Thomas, C; Kuruvilla, Varughese
A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the late first crop season of 1999 to study the effect of nutrient management and seed priming on upland rice under varying levels of irrigation. The experiment was laid out ill split split plot design with three replications. The treatments included three levels of irrigation (IW /CPE ratio of 1.5, 1.0 and no irrigation) in the main plots, three levels of NPK (20 : 10 : 15, 40 : 20 : 30 and 60 : 30 : 45 kg ha-I) in the sub plots and two levels of seed priming (1 per cent KCI and 2.5 per cent KCl immersed for 15 hours) in the sub sub plots. Results of the experiment revealed that effect of both irrigation and nutrients and their combinations had significant influence on most of the biometric and yield attributing characters of upland rice. Irrigation at an IW/CPE ratio of 1.5 and fertilizer dose 'of 60 : 30 : 45 kg ha" NPK were found significantly superior to lower levels. Eventhough, the effect of seed priming was significant on almost all the growth characters, the effect was not visible on the yield attributing characters and yield of the crop. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments exerted a remarkable influence on the proline content of leaves and grain protein content while irrigation alone exerted significant influence on RL WC and partitioning of biomass. The uptake of nutrients was profoundly influenced by the treatments. N and P uptake was influenced by irrigation and NPK levels whereas that of K was influenced by nutrient and seed priming levels. . The root morphology was substantially altered by irrigation treatments and I I recorded the highest value for all the characters studied. Though WUE was highest at the no irrigation treatment (13) it was very inferior and uneconomic III grain and straw yields. Hence, h level of irrigation is considered as the best treatment for attaining higher WUE. Among the fertilizer levels, F 3 (60 : 30 : 45 kg ha-I NPK) registered the highest WUE. Impact of seed priming also was significant and S I recorded the highest WUE. The results of economic analysis revealed that BC ratio was maximum when the irrigation was scheduled at an IW /CPE ratio of 1.5. The nutrient dose at F3 (60 : 30 : 45 kg NPK ha-I) and seed priming at SI (1 per cent KCI) was also found to be profitable.
Response of vegetable cowpea to nitrogen and potassium under varying methods of irrigation
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2001) Geetha, V; Kuruvilla, Varughese
An experiment on vegetable cowpea Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) with three methods of irrigation (surface irrigation at 20 mm CPE with 40 mm water, irrigation at 10 mm CPE with 20 mm water through micro-sprinkler and farmer's practice of daily pot watering with 10 mm water) and three levels each of nitrogen and potassium (0, 20 and 40 kg haj ) was conducted in the sandy clay loam soils.of the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Trivandrum during the summer season of 1999. Irrigating the crop with 20 mm water through micro-sprinkler resulted in significantly higher green pod yield as compared to the other two methods. The crop response to nitrogen and potassium was positive up to 20 kg ha-1.
Response of vegetable cowpea to phosphorus under varying moisture levels and plant density
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Mini, C L; Kuruvilla, Varughese
An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani in the summer rice fallows during 1994-‘95 to study the response of vegetable cowpea cv. Malika to phosphorus under varying moisture levels and plant density. The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design with 3 replications. The treatments included three levels each of irrigation and plant density and four levels of phosphorus. The study revealed that the crop responded to irrigation, plant density as well as phosphorus levels. The biometric characters like plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant, earliness in flowering, total DMP and yield attributing characters like number of pods per plant were favourably influenced by giving daily light irrigation of l0mm (farmer1s practice) throughout the crop period. The maximum values for the above said characters were also observed at a plant density level of 16,667 pts/ha (1.0x0.6m) and a phosphorus level of 45kg/ha compared to the other levels. The maximum yield of green pods and haulm was obtained by daily light irrigation with 10mm water and a plant density of 16,667 pts/ha. The crop responded upto 45 kg/ha P2O5 application. The uptake of major nutrients N,P and K by the crop also followed the same trend. But the water-use efficiency was highest for the least freqently irrigated treatment viz. irrigating at 15mm CPE and was found to decrease with increase in the frequency of irrigation. A plant density level of 16,667 pts/ha and a phosphorus level of 45kg/ha also recorded maximum water-use efficiency. Soil moisture extraction pattern showed that less frequent the irrigation, more the percentage of absorbtion from deeper soil layers. A plant density level of 16,667pts/ha as well as a phosphorus level of 45kg/ha also gave maximum absorbtion from top soil layers where as a higher plant density gave maximum absorbtion from the deeper soil layers. The available N, P and K contents of the soil after the experiment indicated a decrease in the soil nutrient status with an increase in the moisture level of the soil. The highest nutrient status was also noted with a density level of 16,667 pts/ha and a phosphorus level of 45kg/ha. The results of economic analysis revealed that the net income and benefit-cost ratio was maximum by irrigating the crop at 10mm CPE, at a plant density of 16,667 pts/ha and a phosphorus level of 45kg/ha.