Browsing by Author "Lissamma Joseph"

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Development of an in vitro regeneration system and validation of genetic stability in phalaenopsis hybrid winter spot with molecular marker
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Asha Amal Raj; Lissamma Joseph
Development of in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system in pumkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir)
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2008) Likhitha K Nair; Lissamma Joseph
Evaluation of medicinal plant-based formulations for growth, yield and pest management in chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.)
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2021) Shafreena Shirin, P; Lissamma Joseph
Pest management is one of the important components of crop management to mitigate economic losses of agricultural crops and commodities. The harmful effects of chemical pesticides on environment and health concern have caused a shift to adapt various ecofriendly ways of pest management. Therefore, botanical pesticides are gaining popularity because they are safe to use on crops produced for human consumption and recently there is a lucrative market among consumers willing to pay more for organically produced food. This positive trend has encouraged the research field to focus more on ecofriendly and effective pest management strategies. A study entitled “Evaluation of medicinal plant-based formulations for growth, yield and pest management in Chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.)” was carried out at the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara during the period from October 2020 to May 2021 with Chilli variety Anugraha as the test crop. Three medicinal plant based trial products (P1, P2, and P3) and their combinations (P4, P5 and P6), developed and screened at Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station (AMPRS), Odakkali were utilized for the study. P1 was developed from Vayambu (Acorus calamus), P2 from Manja Koova (Curcuma zedoaria), P3 from Erukku (Calotropis gigantea), P4 from Acorus calamus and Curcuma zedoaria, P5 from Curcuma zedoaria and Calotropis gigantea and P6 from Acorus calamus and Calotropis gigantea. Solid soap formulations of these three and their combination were evaluated at one and two per cent concentrations at ten days intervals along with an absolute control (T13- 1% soap solution without any botanicals) and positive control (T14-1% Neem garlic extract). The growth parameters like plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), breadth (cm),and days to 50 per cent flowering and fruiting, yield characters like fruit length (cm) and breadth (cm), fruit weight (g), number of fruits and fresh fruit yield per plant and qualitative characters like Vitamin C (mg 100g-1 ) and oleoresin content (%) were recorded. Statistical comparison of morphological and qualitative parameters under various treatments was done through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using KAU GRAPES software. Effect of spraying the liquid formulations of medicinal plant based products and their combinations against sucking pests like thrips, whitefly and aphids during the experimental period (December, 2020 to May, 2021) were studied. Population density of sucking pests viz. thrips, white fly and aphids were recorded. Data on mean population of sucking pests were tested by analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) using R studio software, taking population counts prior to the treatments application as covariate. The result obtained was subjected to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and treatments were analysed. The plant height showed an increasing trend from one month after transplanting to five month after transplanting. The increment in plant height was reduced from three months onwards after attaining the reproductive stage. The maximum cumulative plant height of 61.05 cm was observed in T3 (Calotropis gigantea at 1%) among the treatments.The maximum cumulative leaf length of 5.82 cm was observed in T2 (Curcuma zedoariaat 1%). The maximum cumulative leaf breadth of 2.87cm was observed in T14 (Pest management as per Organic POP). Days to 50 per cent flowering for different treatments varied from 42.66 to 47.66 days. The minimum days to 50 per cent flowering recorded in T5- Curcuma zedoaria at 2 per cent and T6- Calotropis gigantea at 2 per cent. Days to 50 per cent fruiting for different treatments varied from 55 to 62.66 days. Treatment T9- Curcuma zedoaria and Calotropis gigantea at 1 per cent recorded minimum days to 50 per cent fruiting (55 days). Fruit length of chilli variety Anugraha under different treatments varied from 6.13 cm to 6.80cm. The maximum fruit length of 6.8 cm was recorded in T6 (Calotropis gigantea at 2%). Fruit breadth (cm) varied from 2.16 to 2.76 cm. The maximum fruit breadth of 2.76 cm was recorded in T5- Curcuma zedoaria at 2 per cent. Per fruit weight ranged from 1.22 to 1.63 g. The maximum per frit weight of 1.63 g was recorded in T3 (Calotropis gigantea at 1%).The number of fruits per plant ranged from 35.15 to 104.95 and the maximum number of fruits per plant (104.95) was recorded in T6- Calotropis gigantea at 2 per cent. The fresh fruit yield per plant ranged from 54.95 to 121.90 g. Treatment T6 (Calotropis gigantea at 2%) recorded the maximum fresh fruit yield per plant. Factors which influence the yield of the crop like maximum plant height, earliness (minimum days to 50 per cent flowering and fruiting), maximum fruit length, maximum number of fruits per plant were recorded in T6 (Calotropis gigantea at 2%). There was no significant difference for the qualitative characters like Vitamin C (mg 100g-1 ) and oleoresin content (%) with respect to the application of the medicinal plant based formulations. Efficacy of medicinal plant based formulations was studied against various sucking pests during the experimental period. Calotropis gigantea based pesticidal soap formulation showed comparatively good results against thrips population in chilli variety Anugraha under different treatments. Minimum population of whitefly was observed in the treatment T4- Acorus calamus at 2 per cent among various treatments. Acorus calamus based formulation also showed good results with lower pest load against aphids. In general, over all disease incidence in the treatment plot was negligible during the experimental period and Calotropis and Acorus based formulations were showed comparatively good performance in the aspects of growth, yield and pest management in chilli variety Anugraha.
Genetic transformation of black pepper (piper nigrum L) for phytophthora foot rot resistance/tolerance
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2007) Lissamma Joseph; Valsala, P A
Investigations on "Genetic transformation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) for Phytophthora foot rot resistance/tolerance" were carried out at the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, and Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2001-2006. Three selected black pepper varieties Panniyur 1, 4 and 6 were utilized for the study. Axenic cultures of the selected varieties were raised from nodal segments as well as ripe seeds for embryogenesis and transformation studies. Among the varieties average number of multiple shoot/explant was high for variety P6 in ½ MS medium with BA and IAA 1.0 mg l-1. Somatic embryogenesis was induced on ripe seeds of the variety P6 at the micropylar region in ½ MS medium with inositol 1.0 g l-1. Further development of the somatic embryo observed in liquid shaking cultures of SH basal. Growth regulators like BA,2,4-D ,dicamba and thidiazuron did not give rise to embryogenesis in the different explants of black pepper. Multiple shoot induction from cotyledonary nodal explants and zygotic embryo explants were observed in all the varieties in ½ MS with 1.0 mg l-1 BA and IAA. Direct regeneration from leaf segments was also observed in the same media combination. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA105, AGL.1.1303, GV2260 and LBA4404 were used for the transformation work. Strain EHA105 contains the plasmid p35SGUSINT with gus A gene and npt II gene. The AGL.1.1303 contains the plasmid harbouring antibiotic resistant selectable marker genes (npt II and hpt IV) and GUS and GFP reporter genes. The GV2260 contain the plasmid pGV2260 with osmotin gene and npt II gene. The LBA4404 contains the plasmid pBZ100 containing alfalfa glucanase gene, rice chitinase gene and npt II gene. Sensitivity studies of black pepper tissues to various antibiotics resulted in selecting the optimum threshold level of antibiotic to be used in the screening medium. Kanamycin 25 mg l-1, 50 mg l-1, and 100 mg l- were selected as the cut off level for the selection of transformants from zygotic embryo, leaf segments and nodal segments respectively. Cefotaxime at 250 mg l-1 was selected for the effective elimination of Agrobacterium after infection. Genetic transformation was standardized with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 using leaf disc and zygotic embryo explants. Tentative protocol for transformation in black pepper include Agrobacterium inoculum density 0.9, infection time 10 min and co-cultivation period of 48 h. Acetosyringone at 50-100 µM favoured transformation. Transient gus assay revealed faint blue staining on the infected leaf explants. Explants, leaf segment, cotyledonary node and zygotic embryo were used for transformation with Agrobacterium strains AGL.1.1303, GV2260 and LBA4404. There was explant specificity for the different Agrobacterium strains used. With LBA4404 zygotic embryo explants gave maximum survival in the screening medium containing 50 mg l-1 kanamycin and 250 mg-1 cefotaxime. Direct gene transfer using gene gun attempted with pBZ100 and cotyledonary node explants. Bombarded explants were found surviving in the screening medium with kanamycin for four months. However molecular analysis of selected transformants through PCR revealed that npt II gene integration has not happened in the tissues subjected to PCR analysis.
In vitro callus induction in gurmar (Gymnema Sylvestre, R.Br) for secondary metabolite synthesis
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Gholba Niranjan Dilip; Lissamma Joseph
Indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis in Kaempferia Galanga L.
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Mini Joseph; Lissamma Joseph
Induction of genetic variability in phalaenopsis orchids through hybridization and embryo culture
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Deepali Rahi; Lissamma Joseph
Quality and storage life of oriental pickling melon [Cucumis melo var.conomon(L) Makino] as influenced by major nutrients
(Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Lissamma Joseph; Ramachandran Nair, S
The oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. cocomon (L) Makino) was grown in a randomised block design under different organic and inorganic fertiliser treatments, with four replications at the Main Campus of Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, to study the effect of organic and inorganic manures on the yield, quality and storage life of this crop. The yield response of oriental pickling melon to different treatments was found to be significantly different. The treatment which received the highest dose of NPK in the organic and inorganic combination recorded the maximum yield per plot and number of fruits per plot whereas the treatments which received NPK through organic manures alone recorded relatively low yield. The weight and size of fruits were maximum when the highest dose of NPK was given completely in the inorganic form. The quality of the fruit was assessed by estimating the nutrient content at harvest; moisture, acidity, vitamin C, starch, total soluble solids and crude fibre content of fruits at harvest and thereafter at monthly intervals during storage. Significant difference was observed between treatments for these quality characteristics. During storage moisture, starch and vitamin C content of fruits showed steady decline irrespective of the treatments, whereas acidity and total soluble solids showed an initial increase followed by a gradual decline. The effect of organic and inorganic manures on storage life of oriental pickling melon was assessed by recording the rotting percentage of fruits during storage and it was found that increased degree of rotting occurred in treatments which received inorganic form of NPK, during all periods of storage. The organic form of manures showed a definite advantage over inorganic fertilisers in respect of the storability of oriental pickling melon.