Browsing by Author "Mareen Abraham"

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Assesment and induction of variability for higher yield and photoinsensivity in coleus(Coleus parviflorus Benth)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Mareen Abraham; Radhakrishnan, V V
The project entitled "Assessment and induction of variability for higher yield and photoinsensitivity in coleus (Coleus parviflorus Benth)" were carried out in the Department of plant Breeding and Genetics during the period April 1999 to April 2002, with the objective of inducing variability for photoinsensitivity and higher yield through in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis. Three major field experiments were laid out one at Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy and two experiments at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. Among the collected coleus genotypes wide genetic variability for all the observed characters were noticed. Increased harvest index plant", tuber weight plant" and reduced height plant" contributed to tuber yield. Representative genotypes of the ten clusters were subjected to mutagenic treatment. Mutation has changed the plant height, age of tubers and. tubers plant" in coleus genotypes. Selected mutants showed photoinsensitivity to tuberization an acceptable qualitative change. Mutant 131 and mutant 61 were identified as promising photoinsensitive mutants for year round cultivation. One photoinsensitive tissue culture mutant was identified. But these require further evaluation for yield.
Genetic analysis in fodder rice bean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) for yield and quality
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Bhoomika, B K; Mareen Abraham
Genetic analysis of phenological variations for yield and quality in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2015) Anju Vijayan; Mareen Abraham
Genetic analysis of yield and quality in fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
(Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2019) Praveena, V S; Mareen Abraham
In the present study, "genetic analysis of yield and quality in fodder cowpea {Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)", evaluation of different fodder cowpea accessions were done to assess the variability in the available population to identify the good performers for forage yield and quality. Based on the morphological and molecular characterization superior parents were selected for crop improvement through hybridization to develop superior cross combinations. The salient features of the study are discussed below. Significant variation was observed for all tlie fourteen characters studied, the range of mean values observed refers to the phenotypic and genotypic variability present in the base population. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of primary branches plant ', number of leaves plant ', leaf area index, green fodder yield plant ', dry matter yield plant"', leaf fresh weight plant"', stem fresh weight plant"', leaf dry weight plant"', stem dry weight plant"' and crude fiber content. High heritability and genetic advance for crude fiber content, crude protein content, leaf area index, leaf dry weight plant ', dry matter yield plant"', stem dry weight plant"', number of leaves plant"', stem dry weight plant'', number of leaves plant"', stem fresh weight plant"', leaf fresh weight plant*' and green fodder yield plant"'. Green fodder yield and dry matter yield had significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with leaf fresh weight plant"', followed by stem fresh weight plant"', stem dry weight plant"', dry matter yield plant"', leaf dry matter plant"', number of primary branches plant"' and number of leaves plant"'. The thirty fodder cowpea genotypes were grouped into eleven clusters. Maximum contribution to divergence was shown by leaf fresh weight plant"' followed by crude fibre content, stem dry weight plant"', leaf area index, dry matter yield plant*', number of leaves plant"', crude protein content and green fodder yield plant"'. Selection index was hi^est for IT-37154999-38 and least for IC- 202804. The genotypes were ranked for characters green fodder yield, crude protein content, crude fibre content and selection index. Based on this and maximum inter cluster distance eight genotypes CO-8, MFC-09-1, IC-1061, IC- 39916, IC-97767, lC-38956-1, 17-37154999-38 and Pant Lobia-2 were selected for further hybridization programmes. Molecular characterization revealed two clusters (I and II) with 0.34 per cent similarity. The statistical cluster diagram from value and dendrogram from molecular characterization were not similar. But the eight parents selected had considerable difference in dendrogram with minimum difference between parents IT-38956-1 and IT-37154999-38. Diallel analysis is one of the techniques used to find the genetic makeup. Gca variance was greater than sea variance, for all characters except for days to first flowering and crude protein content, indicating predominance of additive gene action for most of the characters. Days to first flowering and crude protein content had non-additive gene action. Presence of heterosis also shows the ability of the parents to combine well in a hybridization programme. Superior expression of Fi may be due to fixable (additive) type of gene action and non-additive type of gene action. Thus combining ability and heterosis helps in identifying desirable cross combinations. Twenty eight hybrids from eight parent were evaluated for combining ability in diallel mating design without reciprocals. Relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were calculated for different traits. Gca variance was greater than sea variance, indicating predominance of additive gene action. P4, Ps and Pe were good general combiners among eight parents for plant height. Gca variance was greater than sea variance, indicating predominance of additive gene action in green fodder yield and dry matter jdeld. Ps, Pe, P? and Ps were good general combiners for green foddra* yield, dry matter yield, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, crude protein content and crude fibre content. Nineteen of the hybrids were good specific combiners for I7f7^^ ni green fodder yield. Seventeen hybrids were good specific combiners for lower crude fibre content. Pi X ??, P2X P7, P5X P7 and P5X Pg were selected based on high green fodder yield, dry matter yield, higb protein content and low fibre content for raising F2 population. F2 families of these four hybrids exhibited differences among the progenies for different characters studied. Progenies of hybrid PiX P7 was identified as the best superior cross combinant useful for further improvement for superior variety development.
Genetic variability for yield and resistance to legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fab.) in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) verdcourt)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Asoontha; Mareen Abraham
Genetics of trailing habit in yard long bean(Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis(L) Verdcourt)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2004) Anisha George; Mareen Abraham
A study has been undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, to investigate the ‘Genetics of trailing habit in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt)’ and to identify the potential parents and superior cross combinations of trailing and bush types cowpea during 2002-04. Two trailing varieties and three bush varieties were used for study. The study revealed that pod yield, length of pod, number of pods per plant, days for first flowering and first harvesting were mainly influenced by allelic contribution where as duration of crop and pod yield can be used as selection parameters of crop improvement. Pod yield can be increased by selecting the genotypes having shorter days for first flowering and harvesting, increased number of pods per plant, lower number of seeds per pod, lower number of branches and higher number of pods. Trailing type, Lola has higher breeding value compared to Vyjayanthi and TC-99-1 and can be exploited for heterotic vigour for many of the yield attributes. The segregants can be used for fixing characters of both bush type coupled with trailing traits. Segregants of Lola x Pusa Komal can give higher pod yield and the yield attributes can be easily fixed in the segregating generations due to its low inbreeding depression. Trailing and bush characters showed a 3:1 monohybrid ratio and stem pigmentation (purplish: green) showed a dihybrid ratio of 9:7 in the F2 segregants of different combinations. Flower colour (purple: white) and pod colour (purple: green) showed a monogenic segregation ratio of 3:1 where as seed coat colour showed dominant epistatic gene action (12:3:1) in various crosses. Segregants can be further screened for higher pod yield coupled with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, which is indicated as future line of work.
Genic status in relation to radlosensltlvity, mutation frequency and spectrum in Bhindi
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1985) Mareen Abraham; Krishnan Nair, N
Genotype x environment interaction in hedge lucerne (desmanthus virgatus (L.) willd.) for yield and quality
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Arun Chacko; Mareen Abraham
The present work on “Genotype×Environment interaction in hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.) for yield and quality” was carried out across four locations in Kerala viz., College of Agriculture, Vellayani, College of Horticulture, Thrissur, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kottarakkara and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad, during 2016-2018 with an objective to identify stable genotypes of Desmanthus virgatus in varied environments with respect to yield and quality. The eight genotypes of hedge lucerne viz., T1 (IC 345276), T2 (IC 343710), T3 (IC 89910), T4 (IC 261839), T5 (IC 90934), T6 (IC 421199), T7 (TNDV 1) and T8 (Thumburmuzhi local) were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications over four locations during 2017-2018. Eberhart and Russell model (1966) was used to analyze the stability and adaptability of yield and yield related characters of these genotypes. Based on the environmental indices, COA, Vellayani and RARS, Ambalavayal was found most favourable for all of the characters, while COH, Thrissur was unfavourable for all the characters studied. In the pooled analysis of variance for evaluation of hedge lucerne over locations, significant differences among the genotypes and environments were noticed for all the characters studied, suggesting that genotypes interacted significantly with environments. Stability analysis revealed that the genotype T1 (IC 345276) was stable over all locations for different characters such as plant height, number of branches, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, dry matter production and crude fibre. The genotype T4 (IC 261839) was stable for the characters number of branches, leaf to stem ratio and crude protein across the locations. The genotype T6 (IC 421199) was stable over locations for the characters viz., plant height, length of branches and number of leaves, while the genotype T7 (TNDV 1) was stable for leaf to stem ratio, number of pods and crude fibre. The genotypes T2 (IC 343710) and T8 (Thumburmuzhi local) were identified as stable genotypes for favourable environments. The genotype T2 (IC 343710) showed stable performance for the characters such as leaf to stem ratio, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and crude fibre. The genotype T8 (Thumburmuzhi local) was stable in favourable environment for length of branches, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and dry matter production. The genotype T5 (IC 90934) was found to be stable for the characters plant height and crude fibre in unfavourable environments. The present study revealed that the genotypes T1 (IC 345276), T4 (IC 261839), T6 (IC 421199) and T7 (TNDV 1) were stable over the four different locations viz., College of Agriculture, Vellayani, College of Horticulture, Thrissur, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kottarakkara and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad. The genotypes T2 (IC 343710) and T8 (Thumburmuzhi local) showed stable performance under favourable environments viz., College of Agriculture, Vellayani and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad, while the genotype T5 (IC 90934) was suitable for unfavourable environment i.e., College of Horticulture, Thrissur.
Induced mutagenesis for delayed flowering and high tillering in guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Sudrik Bibhishan Popat; Mareen Abraham
Induction of variability through mutagenesis in neelayamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2009) Kumanan, E; Mareen Abraham
The study entitled “Induction of variability through mutagenesis in neelayamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2006-2008, with the objective of inducing variability for higher biomass yield and indigotin content in leaves. Indigofera tinctoria is a valuable medicinal plant, which is also utilized as a natural source of the blue dye, ‘indigo’. At present the leaf biomass obtained from the genotypes currently cultivated is not appreciable. Hence an attempt has to be made to evolve variants with higher leaf yield and indigotin content. Mutation breeding has been attempted in this study with a local variety. The LD50 was calculated as 20.0 KR gamma rays. The mean performance for all the characters was reduced as the doses of mutagen increased in M1 generation. In M2 generation the positive shift in mean plant height, plant spread, girth of stem, number of branches, number of leaves, weight of leaves, weight of shoots, weight of pods and indigotin content were observed in the intermediate dose of mutagen. Indigotin content of leaves increased significantly with increased doses of gamma rays treatments when compared to control. The optimum dose for maximum yield and yield contributing characters ranged between 17.5 KR and 22.5 KR of gamma rays mutagen. A high magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were noticed for the characters viz., harvest index, leaf area index, dry weight of pods and number of branches. High estimates of heritability were observed for all the characters studied, the highest being exhibited by fresh weight of leaves. Maximum genetic advance was observed for the character harvest index while fresh weight of shoots expressed the minimum. Correlation coefficient between shoot yield and its components indicated significant positive association of yield with plant height, leaf area index, fresh weight of leaves, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of shoots, fresh weight of pods and dry weight of pods, where as harvest index showed significant negative correlation. Path coefficient analysis of important yield attributes indicated that the number of branches, plant height and indigotin content had the maximum direct effect on fresh weight of shoot and minimum for dry weight of leaves. Indigotin content has negative correlation with yield where as it has direct effect on yield through other correlated characters. This indicates that selection for improvement for indigotin content should be carried out with other characters also. It also indicates that there should be an optimum level of biomass yield for higher indigotin content. Frequent harvest will influence the indigotin content favourably. This has to be determined by assessing the regression coefficient for other characters with indigotin content. The selection index score was highest for control followed by the treatment 22.5 KR and 20.0 KR of gamma rays. Selected mutants showed morphological variation over the control. High yielding mutants were observed in plants treated with 20.0 KR of gamma ray. A total of five high yielding mutants were identified and their yield characters and indigotin were also found out for further evaluation. Raising M3 progeny lines from each of these plants and evaluation of the lines in comparison with the control plants are suggested as future line of work.
Inheritance of yield and resistance to shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis GUEN.) in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Gangadhara, K; Mareen Abraham
Stability analysis of selected mutants in neelamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Saranya, V S; Mareen Abraham
The research work on “Stability analysis of selected mutants in neelamari (Indigofera tinctoria L.)” was carried out with nine mutants and one local accession as check over four locations viz., farmer‟s fields at Kalliyoor, Vellanad, Kayamkulam and Kottarakara during summer season of 2015-2016 with the objective of studying the performance of superior mutants for yield and indigotin content over different locations. In the pooled analysis of variance for evaluation of mutants over locations, significant differences among the genotypes were noticed for all the characters studied and significant differences among environments were noticed for the characters number of branches, girth of stem, length of leaves, width of leaves and indigotin content suggesting that genotypes interacted significantly with environments. Stability analysis revealed that the mutants It-3, It-6 and It-9 were stable over all locations for different characters like net assimilation rate, dry weight of leaves and indigotin content. The mutant It-3 was stable for plant spread, number of branches, girth of stem, length of leaves, internodal length, leaf area, harvest index, total dry weight of plant, dry matter production, leaf area index and dry weight of shoot, while mutant It-6 was stable for plant height, plant spread, number of branches, length of leaves, width of leaves, leaf area, harvest index, fresh weight of leaves and fresh weight of shoot. The mutant It-9 was stable for the characters like internodal length, total fresh weight of the plant and fresh weight of shoot. It-1, It-2 and It-8 were identified as stable mutants for favourable environments. Mutant It-8 showed stable performance for most of the characters. Mutant It-1 was stable in favourable environment for number of branches, length of leaves, total dry weight of the plant, leaf area index and dry weight of shoot whereas mutant It-2 was stable for girth of stem, width of leaves, dry matter production, leaf area index and fresh weight of leaves. The mutant It-10 was found to be stable for the characters plant spread, harvest index, total fresh weight of the plant and dry weight of shoot in poor environments. The present investigation revealed that the mutants It-3, It-6 and It-9 were stable over different locations during the summer season. It-1, It-2 and It-8 were the mutants which performed well under favourable environment and It-10 was the mutant suitable for unfavourable environment.
Stability analysis of selected mutants of coleus (Solenostemon rotundifolius[Poir.] J.K.Morton)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2003) Shinoj, P; Mareen Abraham
Variability analysis in fodder horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum(Lam) verdc
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Christy George; Mareen Abraham