Browsing by Author "Mary, C A"

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Chemical control of bacterial leaf blight of rice using antibiotics
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Mary, C A; James Mathew
Studies using antibiotics on the control of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani has shown that Penicillin at 500 ppm gavethe maximum inhibition to the growth of the bacterium in vitro. In in vivo Penicillin or Agrimycin-1 00 (250 ppm) post-inoculation sprays twice at eight days interval were equally effective in lowering the disease intensity.
Ecofriendly management for fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by colletotrichum spp.
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2010) Golda, S B; Mary, C A
Efficacy of prophylactic and curative sprayings on the control of bacterial blight of rice
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2001) Mary, C A; Nair, S K; Saraswathy, P
Etiology and control of bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae (Uyeda and Ishiyama) Dowson
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Mary, C A; James Mathew
The bacterial leaf blight of rice, incited by Xanthomonas oryzae (Syeda and Ishiyama) Dowson is one of the most serious disease of economic importance in India and several other rice growing countries of the world. This disease was first reported in India by Sreenivasan et. al. (1959) from Maharashtra and a serious epiphytetic was reported by Srivastava and Rao (1963) from Bihar. In Kerala , eventhough severe epiphytotics of this disease have not been reported so far, the disease is endemic in the major rice growing areas of Kuttanad and Palghat. The pathogen was identified as Xanthomonas oryzae (Uyeda and Ishiyama) Dowson based on its morphological , cultural , physiological and biochemical characters together with its pathogenicity. For laboratory studies and mass culturing of the organism, Glucose Yeast extract Agar and Glucose Agar were found to be the best solid media and Glucose Yeast extract chalk broth and potato Sucrose Peptone broth were the best liquid media. The pathogen was found to survive in infected seeds for a period of 90 days , in infected debris in soil for a period of 28 days and in infected soil for less than a week indicating that the infected seeds and infected plant debris in soil play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease.
Etiology and management of bacterial of anthurium
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2000) Dhanya, M K; Mary, C A
Bacterial blight incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieJJenbachiae (Me Culloch and Pirone) Vauterin et al. (1995) is a serious disease of anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Linden) causing heavy economic loss to growers in Kerala. The diseased plants showed both foliar and systemic infections. The bacterium was a Gram negative, motile rod. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characters of the six isolates were same except for some characters like nature and rate of growth, virulence and hydrolysis of starch. The bacterium inciting this disease was identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characters coupled with pathogenicity. Potato Sucrose Agar was found to be the best medium for growth and slime production of the bacterium. Dieffenbachia sp., Philodendron oxycardium, Aglaonema robelinii, Colocasia esculenta and Syngonium podophyllum were carriers of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieJJenbachiae. The pathogen survived In infected plant debris kept in soil under glass house conditions and In refrigerated conditions for about 45 days and in soil for 60 days. Under in vitro evaluation, 100 ppm streptocycline and 0.3 per cent captan were most effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. Under in vivo conditions, the relative efficiency of four ecofriendly management practices namely the application of turmeric powder + sodium bicarbonate, Pseudomonas jluorescens (proprietary product), neem oil and cowdung extract at three different levels were compared with that of spraying with 100 ppm streptocycline and 0.3 per cent captan. It was observed that the use of 0.15 per cent turmeric powder + sodium bicarbonate (10 : 1 proportion) was most effective and the extent of disease control achieved after a schedule of five sprayings at one week interval was same as that of 100 ppm streptocycline.
Etiology and management of ginger yellows disease
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Safeer, M M; Mary, C A
Management of bacterial blight of anthurium (anthurium andreanum linden) using botanicals
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2002) Sabitha, S R; Mary, C A
Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Linden) suffers from a serIOUS disease viz., bacterial blight incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. diefJenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone) Vauterin et al. A survey was conducted in Thiruvananthapuram district and information on disease intensity and varietal reaction of the disease was studied from randomly selected thirty anthurium gardens. Plants with disease infection upto 50 per cent was noticed in most of the gardens. Generally pink varieties exhibited tolerance while red varieties were susceptible. Both foliar and systemic symptoms were observed. The bacterium was a gram negative, motile, short rod. Potato Sucrose Agar was the best solid medium for growth of the bacterium. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characters of the ten isolates were compared and some characters like nature and rate of growth, virulence and hydrolysis of starch were found varying. Aglaonema sp., Alocasia sanderiana, Anthurium ornatum, Colocasia esculenta, Dieffenbachia spp., Philodendron spp., Syngonium sp. and Xanthosoma sagittaefolium of Araceae family and ornamental plants like Orchid spp., Dracaena spp. Heliconia sp., Sterilitzia reginae and Maranta arundinaceae were hosts of the pathogen. Among the fifteen botanicals tested under in vitro conditions crude extract and 2 : 1 dilution of Allium sativum and Tagetes erecta, crude and two per cent concentration of neem cake extract and one and two per cent neem oil and coconut oil were 'effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The relative efficacy of five ecofriendly management practices viz., application of A. sativum, T. erecta, neem oil, coconut oil and neem cake extract, at two levels and 100 ppm streptocycline were tested on seven month old tissue culture plants. Pre and post inoculation sprayings with crude extract of neem cake and T. erecta reduced the disease by 85 per cent. When the same spraying schedule with these two botanicals and 100 ppm streptocycline was given on flowering plants, crude extract of neem cake was the most effective followed by crude extract of T. erecta. The effect of streptocycline 100 ppm was on par with T. erecta. The study thus indicates that botanicals could be used as a substitute for antibiotics in the management of bacterial blight of anthurium.
Management of leaf spot diseases of arecanut (Areca catechu L)
(Department of plant pathology, College of agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Vijayaraj, D; Mary, C A
Microbial antagonists and resistance induced for the management of bacterial blight of anthurium
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Anjana R Nair; Mary, C A
An investigation was undertaken for exploring the potential of microbial antagonists and chemical activators for the management of bacterial blight of anthurium. Different isolates of the pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae were collected and Xad 6, the most virulent one was selected for further studies. The microbial flora from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of healthy anthurium plants from various locations were isolated and screened for their efficacy in inhibiting X. axonopodis pv.dieffenbachiae under in vitro conditions. Among the microbes obtained, isolates of Bacillus sp. (B16) and Talaromyces sp. (F8) were the most effective. Nutreint agar proved to be the best media for B16 and the antagonist was also non-pathogenic to anthurium. The potential of chemical activators in management of bacterial blight of anthurium was also investigated both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro studies revealed that chemical activators had no direct action on the pathogen, conforming to one of the characteristics of an activator for inducing disease resistance in plants (Systemic acquired resistance, SAR). Among the chemical activators tested under in vivo conditions, 500ppm potassium phosphonate and 25ppm acibenzolar-s-methyl showed considerable effect in reducing the per cent disease intensity. The best treatments from the above studies and some other treatments which exhibited good results against bacterial blight of anthurium from previous works were studied in a green house trial on ten month old tissue culture anthurium plants of Cancan variety. The treatments included B16, F8, 500 ppm potassium phosphonate, 25 ppm acibenzolar-s-methyl, crude extract of neem cake, 0.15 per cent of turmeric powder + sodium bicarbonate (10:1) and 100 ppm streptocycline. The result indicated that the treatments, B16 (Bacillus sp) and 0.15 per cent of turmeric powder +sodium bicarbonate (10:1) were effective as they showed least bacterial blight intensity. So it can be concluded that, a prophylactic root dip and foliar spray of Bacillus sp. (B16) or turmeric powder + sodium bicarbonate (10:1) @ 0.15 per cent were equally effective in managing bacterial blight of anthurium. The role of chemical activators on the other hand in combating the disease was next only to microbial antagonists and ecofriendly material.
Occurrence of rotting disease in anthurium
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2001) Santha Kumari, P; Mary, C A; Dhanya, M K
Reaction of popular rice cultivars to bacterial leaf blight pathogen Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Oryzae
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1982) Mary, C A; James Mathew
Survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae and its control in Kuttanad
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1996) Mary, C A; Sasikumar Nair