Browsing by Author "Naseema, A"

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Biocontrol of water hyacinth using fungal pathogens
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1997) Susha S Thara; Naseema, A
Detailed study was conducted on the host range of the already identified fungal pathogens of water hyacinth viz. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium eguiseti and F.pallidoroseum on thirty cultivated plants including vegetables, pulses and oil seeds, field crops, fruits and forest crops and ornamental plants and forty one common weed plants which are seen in and around water ways infested with water hyacinth. It was observed that C. gloeosporioides could infect amaranthus, bhindi, chilli, Euphorbia hirta, Hydrocotyl asiatica and Phyllanthus niruri. Of the thirty cultivated plants and forty one weed plants tested F. eguiseti was seen to be pathogenic to amaranthus, Amaranthus viridis, Commelina . bengalensis, C. jacobi and Monochoria vaginalis. F. pallidoroseum could produce symptoms on napier grass, Axonopus sp., boerhaavia diffusa, C.benghalensis, C.jacobi, Echinochloa colonum, Euphorbia hirta, Justicia diffusa, J.prostrata, M.vaginalis and Oldenlandia umbrellata and Scorpia dulcis. For the effective destruction of the weed, lxl011 spores per ml concentration of Q. gloeosporioides, E. eguiseti and F. pallidoroseum were found to be more effective than lxl09 and lxl010 spores per ml concentration. Cell free metabolites of the pathogenic fungi were found to produce symptoms on water hyacinth plant. Metabolite produced by E. pallidoroseum caused considerable damage than by E.equiseti and C. gloeosporioides. When pathogens were applied singly and in combination on water hyacinth it was observed that the combined application of F. pallidoroseum and F. equiseti followed by F. pallidoroseum alone gave maximum intensity of infection. Eventhough C. gloeospoirioides gave least intensity of infection it can be used as a co-pathogen with E. eguiseti. Metabolite of the pathogens individually and in combination when applied on healthy water hyacinth plants, maximum damage was caused by F.pallidoroseum alone and the combination of metabolite of three fungi viz. C. gloeosporioides,F equiseti and F. pallidoroseum. Least damage was caused by metabolite of C. gloeosporioides. An experiment was conducted to find out suitable carrier materials for the mass multiplication and storage of pathogen. It was observed that for C. gloeosporioides maximum sporulation was in water hyacinth leaf followed by guinea grass straw and rice bran. But the spore viability was maximum for rice straw, and on coir pith. Maximum infection was caused by fungus grown on guinea grass straw and rice straw. In the case of E. equiseti spore counts was higher in guinea grass straw followed by coir pith. The spore germination was maximum in rice bran and coir pith. Maximum infection was produced by the fungi on guinea grass straw, coir pith and waterhyacinth leaf. E. pallidoroseum produce maximum number of spores on rice bran followed by guinea grass straw. It was observed that the germination percentage of spores were maximum on coir pith. Out of the six carrier materials used the fungus produced maximum infection when grown on rice bran and guinea grass straw. In the study for testing the storage life of metabolities, it was observed that the efficiency to produce symptom was reduced on storage in the case of C. gloeosporioides and E. pallidoroseum whereas for E. eguiseti on storage the effeciency of the metabolite to cause damage increased. Metabolite stored on refrigerated condition performed poorly for all the three fungi. Different methods of application of the three fungi were tried. Of the five treatments, placement of bits and dusting the inoculum along with the carrier materials produced maximum infection. In the experiment conducted to characterize the toxin presented in the cell free metabolite of pathogenic fungi, observed the presence of Fusaric acid in the metabolite of Fusarium spp.
Bioherbicidal potential of fungal pathogenes of water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, 2003) Ancy Salim, M; Naseema, A
Blight of cassia caused by Rhizoctonia solani kuhn
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1994) Naseema, A; Meena Kumari, K S
Choanephora fruit rot of bhindi
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1993) Naseema, A; Wilson, K I
Deterioration of oil cake by fungi
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Naseema, A; Wilson, K I
Effect of substrate in producing aflatoxin
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1993) Naseema, A; Wilson, K I
Investigation on the mycoflora of nutmeg in storage and the associated mycotoxin
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Anjali Krishna, K P; Naseema, A
The study entitled “Investigation on the mycoflora of nutmeg in storage and the associated mycotoxin.” was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 2012-2014 with the objective to isolate the fungi associated with nutmeg and mace in storage, detection and estimation of mycotoxin and methods to minimize fungal infection. Survey was conducted in Kozhikode and Thrissur districts during February- March and June-July 2013 and collected 40 samples each of nutmeg and mace. Quantitative estimation of the fungal population revealed that samples of nutmeg and mace collected during June-July had the highest population. Positive and significant correlation was obtained between moisture content of the sample and fungal population. Qualitative estimation of the fungi indicated the presence of 13 different fungi, among which Aspergillus flavus and A. niger, were the predominant ones. The study on the detection of mycotoxin revealed that aflatoxin (805-964 ppb) was present in three samples of nutmeg and mace. Nine isolates of A. flavus and12 isolates of A. niger were tested for their ability to elaborate aflatoxin in culture and substrate, among which five isolates of A. flavus and seven of A. niger obtained from nutmeg was aflatoxigenic in culture media. Similarly two of the four isolates of A. flavus and all the five of A. niger from mace produced aflatoxin in culture. Studies on the production of aflatoxin in the substrate indicated that five A. flavus and seven A. niger isolates elaborated aflatoxin in nutmeg, whereas, two A. flavus and five A. niger isolates produced aflatoxin in mace. A. ochraceous isolates were tested for their ability to produce ochratoxin in culture and in substrate and found that all the five isolates produced ochratoxin A, 970.43 - 1835.95 ppb in culture and 6.01 - 212.33 ppb in nutmeg. Studies on the methods to minimize fungal infection in nutmeg and mace revealed that among the treatments: essential oil, leaf powder/plant extracts and packing materials, plastic bag was found to be the cheapest, had comparatively lower moisture content and lowest fungal population; whereas nutmeg treated with garlic extract (10 per cent) and mace with onion extract (10 per cent) and stored in polypropylene bag recorded higher fungal population throughout the period of observation (12 weeks). The results of the study clearly indicated that nutmeg and mace collected during June – July had the highest population of fungi with positive and significant correlation on the sample moisture. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger occurred in the highest frequency and aflatoxin B1 was the predominant mycotoxin. Also, storing in the plastic bag was the cheapest method to reduce fungal spoilage and elaboration of mycotoxin.
Management of water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes(MArt.)solms)using fungul pathogens
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Praveena, R; Naseema, A
Microflora associated with earthworms and vermicompost
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1997) Nair, S K; Naseema, A; Meenakumari, K S; Prabhakumari, P; Peethambaran, C K
Monstera deliciosa Adans, Schott - aAnew host of colletotrichum Gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and Sacc
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1994) Meena Kumari, K S; Naseema, A; Umamahesharan, K
New leaf and flower blight of Anthurium Andreanum Lind
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1997) Naseema, A; Kamala Nayar; Gokulapalan, C
New leaf and sheath blight disease of ribbon grass
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1993) Girija, V K; Naseema, A; Wilson, K I
Pathology and control of seed mycoflora of some vegetables in Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Naseema, A; Balakrishnan, S; Chandrasekharan Nair, M
The survey of the seed mycoflora of certain vegetable seeds viz., amaranthus, bhindi, bittergourd brinjal, cowpea, cucumber, pumpkin, snakegourd and tomato revealed that storage fungi \\keAspargiflusflavus, Aspergil/us riiger and Rhizopus stolonifer were externally as well as internally seed-borne in a/most all the vegetable seeds taken for the study and were found to cause maximum inhibition in germination of the seeds, from which they were isolated. Seedling rotting was caused by Fusarium equiseti on amaranthus, Aspergillus niger on amaranthus and bhindi, Drechslera rostrata on cowpea, and Rhizopus stolonifer on tomato. In vitro evaluation of fungicides showed that Thiride was found to be superior to all other fungicides tested against the seed-borne fungi.
Production of aflatoxin in culture media by Aspergillus Flavus Link EX fr. isolates from vegetable seeds
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1992) Naseema, A; Balakrishnan, S; Chandrasekharan Nair, M
Screening of fungal pathogens for biocontrol of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (MART.)Solms)
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 1994) Santhy Kammath, S; Naseema, A
A survey was conducted in and around Trivandrum district viz., in veli, Ambalathara and Akulam to obtain the fungal pathogens of water hyacinth for its biocontrol. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penzig) Penzig and Sacc Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedjin, Fusarium equiseti (Corda) sacc., Fusarium semitectum Berk and Rav, Fusarium solani (Mart) sacc., R. solani Kuhn and sterile fungus were found infecting the plants. The seasonal occurrence of the fungi isolated was studied and it was found that Fusarium spp. were present throughout the period of study. C. gloeosporioides and R. solani were present in the rainy season only. The pathogenicity of all the above fungi to the water hyacinth plants was established by artificial inoculation. Host range studies revealed that R. solani had a wide host range, which included amaranthus, cowpea, rice Monochoria vaginalis and panicum repens. The host range of C. gloeosporioides included chilli, Commelina benghalensis, Hydrocotyl asiatica and Ludwigia parviflora Fusarium spp. were found to infect Monochoria vaginalis only. Among the fungal pathogens isolated from water hyacinth, F. semitectum caused highest intensity of infection of 51.10 per cent followed by F. equiseti and F. solani (48.88 per cent) C. gloeosporioides and R. solani caused 44.44 and 45.76 per cent intensity of infection respectively. Curvularia lunata caused the lowest intensity of infection of 20 per cent. An experiment was conducted to fix the concentration of inoculam required for effective destruction of water hyacinth. The spore concentration of 10 9 spores/ml was the most effective one in the case of F. equiseti, F. semitectum and F. solani For C. gloeosporioides spore concentration of 2 x 109 sporce/ml was the most effective one. Different carrier materials were tried for mass multiplication and storage of the promising fungal pathogens of water hyacinth. The different carrier materials tested were coir pith, paddy straw, peat moss, rice bran and wheat bran. Wheat bran was found to be the most suitable media for F. equiseti, F. semitectum and F. solani. In wheat bran, the spore count and viability of the spores of these fungi were maximum. For C. gloeosporioides, in rice bran maximum spore count was obtained whereas, in the case of viability of the spores, rice bran and wheat bran were on par. In peat moss none of the fungi grew. In the field tests conducted to try different methods of application of the fungi viz., C. gloeosporioides, F. equiseti, F. semitectum and F. solani, applying bilts of inoculum of the fungi and spraying of the inoculum of the fungi were found to be the best methods. Whereas, dusting of the inoculum produced very poor symptoms. The field performance of the fungi in different carrier materials showed that rice bran and wheat bran inoculum caused good symptom development on water hyacinth plants whereas, coir pith inoculum caused poor symptom development. All the three Fusarium spp. viz., F. equiseti, F. semitectum and F. solani were found to produce toxin. Which could cause similar symptoms on the water hyacinth leaves as those produced by inoculating the culture bits.
Seasonal occurrence of fungi on water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms] in Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1995) Santhi Kammath, S; Naseema, A
Seed mycoflora of some vegetables in Kerala
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1981) Naseema, A; Balakrishnan, S
The survey of the seed mycoflora of vegetable seeds revealed the presence of a number of seed-borne fungi. Storage fungi like Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be externally as well as internally seed-borne , in almost all the vegetable seeds taken for the study. A part from these , other fungi like Curvularia lunsta. Fusarium equlecti and Myrothecium roridum from amaranthus , Botryodiplodia theobrease from bhindi, bitter gourd and cowpea, Fusarium oxysporum and Eectria haemtococca from bhindi, Achaetonium macrosporum and Collstrotrichum lagenarium from bitter gourd, Drechalera rostrata from cowpea, Cephaliophora irregularis and Fusarium solani from pumkin were obtained. The seed-borne fungi were found to cause inhibitory effect on the germination of the seeds , from which they were isolated , Maximum inhibition in the germination was found to be caused by storage fungi like Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger. Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer . Rotting of the seedlings was caused by Fusarium equiseti on amaranthus, Prechslera rostrata on cowpea . Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer on tomato.