Browsing by Author "Naseema Beevi, S"

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Chemodynamics of carbofuran in cucumber
(Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 1993) Anil Abraham; Naseema Beevi, S
A field experiment was conducted to study the chemodynamics of carbofuran in cucumber plants when applied as granule in the soil. The insecticide was applied at two doses of 0.5 and 1.5 kg ai/ha at three occasions viz. sowing, vining and flowering stage of the crop. The residues of carbofuran and its metabolites were estimated from the vines, leaves and fruits at different intervals after the insecticidal treatment using gas chromatographic technique. Distribution of the residues in the various portions of fruit and the effect of different periods of storage on the degradation of residues were also studied in detail. A safe waiting period was also arrived so as to avoid residue hazards in consumption of the fruits. The results indicated that absorption and metabolism of carbofuran in the plant begins soon after its application in the soil. Pure carbofuran and the metabolites, 3-OH carbofuran and 3-keto carbofuran were detected in the vines, leaves and fruit samples at 1,3,7,14,21 and 28 days after treatment. When the different portions of the plant were analysed, the highest level of residues was detected at different occasions. Thus in the vines the peak level of residues was seen on the first day after treatment where as in the leaves and fruits it was on the third seventh day respectively. A gradual decline was noticed thereafter and the residues reached almost non – detectable by 28th day after treatment in all parts of the plant. The effect of peeling on residues was studied in a separate experiment and the results indicated that peeling of fruits could reduce the residues considerably. Distibution of carbofuran residues in different fruit portions was studied and the results indicated that maximum accumulation of the residues took place in the top portions of the fruit followed by middle and basal portions. Comparing the carbofuran residues in the flesh and placenta of cucumber fruits when treated at the flowering stage of the crop it was observed that maximum accumulation of residues of carbofuran took place in the flesh portion when compared with the placenta of the fruit (inner core and seeds). Effect of storing the fruits on the degradation of carbofuran residues showed that metabolism and degradation of the chemical continued even after harvest, during the process of storage. For safe consumption of fruits following carbofuran treatment at the flowering stage a waiting period of 25 and 26 days have to be given when applied @ 0.5 and 1.5 kg ai/ha respectively.
Degradation of mancozeb residues in pepper and the effect of processing on the removal of residues
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1997) Naseema Beevi, S; Thomas Biju Mathew; Visalakshi, A; Nalina Kumari, T
Dissipation of endosulfan in cowpea
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1997) Naseema Beevi, S; Thomas Biju Mathew; Visalakshi, A
In an experiment to study the dissipation of endosulfan in cowpea pods following application @ 0.07 and 0.14 per cent at flowering and paid formation stage, the residues dissipated below detectable level on 15th day in the lower dose while 0.3 mg kg'1 could be detected in the higher dose. A waiting period of 2.85 and 5.21 days are fixed for the lower and higher dose respectively. Washing of green pods removed 39.78% of the initial deposit while washing followed by cooking removed up to 67.93% in the lower dose.
Dissipation of lindane residues in cowpea
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1999) Naseema Beevi, S; Thomas Biju Mathew; Sudhanna, K; Nalinakumari
Dissipation ok quinalphos and monocrotophos residues in cardamom Capsules
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1998) Thomas Biju Mathew; Visalakshi, A; Naseema Beevi, S; Rajan Asari, P A; Rajagopal, B
The paper describes the results of a field experiment conducted in the Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara, to study the dissipation of two insecticides used for controlling cardamom thrips and to fix their waiting periods. The results showed that the residues of quinalphos reached below the tolerance limit of 0.25 ppm within 23 to 24 days in fresh cardamom and within 20 to 21 days in cured cardamom. The corresponding periods for monocrotophos did not differ between fresh and cured cardamom (22 to 23 days) because of the systemic nature of the residues.
Evaluation of newer insecticides against major pests of cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp and their effect on natural enemies
(Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Betty Varghese; Naseema Beevi, S
Impact of pesticides on abiotic and biotic components in rice ecosystem of Kuttanadu
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2012) Priya Mohan; Naseema Beevi, S
Investigations were carried out in the main crop seasons of Kuttanadu during the years 2007-08 and 2008-09 to study the pesticide use pattern and extent of contamination in rice ecosystem of Kuttanadu, to assess the relative impact of conventional and IPM practices and to suggest measures for minimizing the residue hazards. The survey conducted on the pesticide use and consumption pattern in the three river catchments in Kuttanadu viz., Pampa, Manimala and Meenachil revealed that the herbicide use in Kuttanadu has increased during the past five years while a decreasing trend was noticed the case of insecticides. The consumption of pesticides in Kuttanadu ranged from 0.56 to 3.38 kg ai ha-1 with 0.3 to 1.63, 0.04 to 0.0973 and 0.09 to 0.947 kg ai -1 for herbicides, fungicides and insecticides respectively. The most popular herbicide, fungicide and insecticide were 2,4-D, hexaconazole and acephate respectively. The survey further revealed that during pesticides application, the spray men were not using any protective gadgets as per FAO guidelines while 18 per cent of the spray men were using partial protective measures. The label information on the pesticides as well as the safety guidelines for disposal of used pesticide bottles and wash water of sprayer were not followed by the majority of farmers. Health problems like head ache and dizziness, skin irritation etc were reported by the spray men. Multi Residue Methods in water, soil, paddy grains, paddy straw, duck meat and fish were developed and validated by conducting recovery studies. Five important validation parameters viz., recovery per cent age, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were established for eleven candidate pesticides viz., phorate, dimethoate, lindane, methyl parathion, malathion, chlorpyriphos, alpha endosulfan, hexaconazole, ediphenphos, lambda cyhalothrin and deltamethrin. These methods were found to be suitable for analyzing multiple pesticide residues in different components of Kuttanadu rice ecosystem. The estimation of residues from different components were performed using gas chromatograph (GC) and high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Monitoring studies were conducted in three different river catchments in Kuttanadu. Samples of soil and water were collected from rice field, field outlet, drainage channel, stream and river at different growth stages of the crop viz., seedling stage, tillering stage, booting stage, milky stage and after the harvest. Samples of rice grains, straw, fish, mollusk, duck meat, eggs and animal meat (beef) were collected from the rice ecosystem. Data revealed that the pesticides detected included 2,4-D, chlorpyriphos, dimethoate, phorate, phorate sulphone, carbaryl, triazophos,monocrotophos, quinalphos and malathion. The pesticide residues were below detectable limit in samples of rice grains, straw, fish,mollusk, duck meat, eggs and beef collected from the rice ecosystem. Studies conducted on the impact of IPM and conventional practices on major pests, natural enemies and neutrals revealed that during the initial stages (25DAS), the pest : defender ratio was 1.031 and 1.141 in the IPM and conventional plots, while at 45 DAS the pest: defender (P:D) ratio was 1.836 and 2.118 respectively. At 65 DAS the P:D ratio was 1.763 and 3.037 respectively in IPM and conventional plots. The mean yield of paddy grains and straw were higher in IPM plots. Studies on the dissipation of pesticides being used in Kuttanadu revealed that the dissipation in field conditions was mainly influenced by the water management practices prevailing in the region. The half life of 2,4-D, chlorpyriphos, acephate, hexaconazole, moncrotophos and triazophos in soil were found to be 0.59, 2.24, 0.75, 1.36,1.23 and 2.79 days respectively. The half life of lambda cyhalothrin and methyl parathion in rice plants were 1.51 and 1.38 days respectively. The present studies revealed that appreciable quantity of pesticide residues were present in the field and field outlet while the quantity of pesticide residues present in the drainage channel was low. The pesticide residues in river and stream were below detectable limit. Estimation of dermal exposure of spray men to pesticides during application of pesticides in Kuttanadu rice ecosystem revealed that the dermal exposure of hexaconazole and triazophos per man were calculated to be 3.76 +0.116 mg man-1h-1, 6.20 +0.152 mg man-1h-1respectively. The study emphasizes the need for extensive study to be conducted at compartmental level to assess the exact route of dissipation of the pesticides applied and to arrive at the extent of environmental impact due to their application. A safe pest control strategy envisaging the use of pesticides need to be developed and recommended based on the detailed study in the ecosystem. The farmers and the workers are to be trained properly so as to follow judicious plant protection procedures to ensure Good Agricultural Practices in rice cultivation in the region without disturbing the natural eco system for sustainable development.
Integrated pest management in grain and vegetable cowpea vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2003) Suja, G; Naseema Beevi, S
Management of insect pest complex in okra
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2004) Thamilvel, D; Naseema Beevi, S
Persistence and metabolism of phorate in rice plants and in different soil types of Kerala and its effect on non target organisms
(Division of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1987) Naseema Beevi, S; Visalakshi, A
The uptake, persistence and metabolism of phorate in rice plants and in different types of soil, viz., alluvial, sandy and lateritic loam when applied at 3 doses and 3 growth stages of the crop were studied by conducting field experiments. In these studies, the insecticides was applied as granules at 3 doses of 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg ai/ha at 20, 40 and 60 days after planting. The residues were estimated colorimetrically and by bioassay. The metabolites in plants and soil were separated by T.L.C and further estimated colorimetrically at intervals of 2,7 and 14 days after application. The ultimate residues of the insecticide in grain and straw also were determined.
Persistence of residues of phorate in rice grain and straw when applied at different growth stages of the plant
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1992) Naseema Beevi, S; Visalakshi, A
Studies on the persistence of phorate in the rice grain and straw when applied at different intervals after planting in different soil types of Kerala showed that no detectable residues persist in grains or straw at harvest when the crop was treated at 20 days after planting. Detectable residues were present in grains and straw at the higher two doses of 1.25 and 1.50 kg ai/ha applied at 40 days after planting and at all the doses of 1.0, 1.25 and 1.50 kg ai/ha applied at 60 days after planting and these residues exceeded the tolerance limit also.
Pesticide use pattern and monitoring of Residues in cardamom in Idukki district
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Seena, S M; Naseema Beevi, S
Pests of tropical mushroom and their management
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2008) Princy John, J; Naseema Beevi, S
The occurrence of mushroom pests and their extent of damage in five different locations in Thiruvananthapuram district were studied in a survey conducted at monthly intervals for a period of one year from April 2006 to March 2007. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various botanicals and synthetic insecticides for the management of major pests of mushroom in the Mushroom house, Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The study revealed that the common pests of mushroom were springtails Seira sp., phorid flies Megaselia sp., sciarid flies, cucujoid beetle Cyllodes sp., staphylinid beetles viz., Staphylinus sp. and Scaphisoma nigrofasciatum Champ, noctuid moth, parasitic mite Poecilochirus necrophori Vitzthum, slugs and snails. Of these, the occurrence of Cyllodes sp., P. necrophori, noctuid moth, slugs and snails in oyster mushroom were reported for the fist time from Kerala. The common pests of mushroom namely Seira sp., Megaselia sp., S. nigrofasciatum, Cyllodes sp. were observed throughout the year in all the five locations. Staphylinus sp. was observed in three locations for a period of one year. P. necrophori and slug population were recorded only in one location from September 2006 to March 2007. Correlation studies between the population and extent of damage with weather parameters revealed that Seira sp., P. necrophori and slugs had positive correlation with relative humidity and rainfall, while it showed negative correlation with maximum temperature. Population of Megaselia sp., S. nigrofasciatum, Cyllodes sp., Staphylinus sp. were positively correlated with maximum temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity and rainfall Efficacy of various botanicals and synthetic insecticides applied at different intervals after bed preparation on the incidence and extent of damage caused by mushroom pests in mushroom beds showed that lindane 0.05 per cent applied as floor treatment before bedding was the most effective. This was followed by dichlorvos 0.02 per cent and chlorpyriphos 0.02 percent applied at fifteenth day after bed preparation, which were at par. Among the various treatments adapted for the control of pests in mushroom, floor treatment with lindane before bedding has been found superior compared to other treatments. Considering a better control of pests and absence of residues, the floor treatment with lindane can be suggested for getting an effective control of pest, which presumed to result in a consequent higher yield.