Browsing by Author "Radhakrishnan, V V"

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Assesment and induction of variability for higher yield and photoinsensivity in coleus(Coleus parviflorus Benth)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Mareen Abraham; Radhakrishnan, V V
The project entitled "Assessment and induction of variability for higher yield and photoinsensitivity in coleus (Coleus parviflorus Benth)" were carried out in the Department of plant Breeding and Genetics during the period April 1999 to April 2002, with the objective of inducing variability for photoinsensitivity and higher yield through in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis. Three major field experiments were laid out one at Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy and two experiments at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. Among the collected coleus genotypes wide genetic variability for all the observed characters were noticed. Increased harvest index plant", tuber weight plant" and reduced height plant" contributed to tuber yield. Representative genotypes of the ten clusters were subjected to mutagenic treatment. Mutation has changed the plant height, age of tubers and. tubers plant" in coleus genotypes. Selected mutants showed photoinsensitivity to tuberization an acceptable qualitative change. Mutant 131 and mutant 61 were identified as promising photoinsensitive mutants for year round cultivation. One photoinsensitive tissue culture mutant was identified. But these require further evaluation for yield.
Assessment and induction of variability in plumbago species for high plumbagin content
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Namboodiri Raji Vasudevan; Radhakrishnan, V V
The study entitled "Assessment and induction of variability in Plumbago species for high plumbagin content" was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2005-2009. The main objective of the study was to induce variability in Plumbago species for high plumbagin content through -in vitro mutagenesis. A detailed survey was conducted throughout Kerala and accessions of Plumbago were collected from different ecogeographical regions ranging from Western Ghats to coastal regions of Kerala. The species Plumbago rosea seemed to be mainly distributed in highlands and medium altitude especially in the midlands of Kerala. The passport data of the collected accessions were prepared and indigenous collection(IC) numbers were obtained from NBPGR, New Delhi. Twenty five accessions of Plumbago rosea and one accession of Plumbago zeylanica were catalogued. Twenty six accessions thus collected were evaluated in replicated trial for genetic variability with respect to their biometrical traits and quality. To know the causes of failure of seed set in Plumbago rosea floral biology of the two species of Plumbago was studied . .The data were subjected to statistical analysis and results interpreted. The twenty six accessions were grouped into seven clusters which showed that there is no parallelism between the geographical distribution and clustering pattern. The path coefficient analysis indicated that large sized leaves and increased dry root weight contributed maximum to plumbagin content. Based on the ranking for dry root weight and plumbagin content three accessions were subjected to in vitro mutagenesis. In vitro regeneration through direct organogenesis and indirect organogenesis was standardised in Plumbago rosea in MS medium. Nodal segments were identified as best explants showing direct regeneration. The in vitro regenerated plants from nodal cultures on cultivation produced significantly large tuberous roots with moderate plumbagin content compared to conventional rooted cuttirigs. The callus derived from leaves, regenerat~d shoots, and roots. Thus, mass multiplication of Plumbago rosea through tissue culture was standardised. In vitro mutagenesis of selected accessions of P. rosea was successfully carried out. Based on percentage of regeneration, LDso values of 20 Gy and 40 Gy were fixed for nodal cultures and callus cultures respectively. The hardened plants obtained from selected accessions through in vitro mutagenesis showed significant variation for leaf number and size. Based on these characters variants were selected and carried over for field establishment in pot culture. The tissue culture variants on field establishment showed wide variability with respect to its stature, plant type and other morphological traits. Three in vitro mutants having plant type with large leaves and short stature for high plumbagin content were identified. The plumbagin content of these in vitro mutants have to be evaluated for its commercial exploitation.
Breeding for resistance to distortion mosaic virus in bittergourd (momordica charantia L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Arunachalam, P; Radhakrishnan, V V
The investigation on "Breeding for resistance to distortion mosaic virus in bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.)" was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, during 2000 to 2002. This study aims to identify the source(s) of resistance against bittergourd distortion mosaic virus (BDMV) and scope of incorporating these genes to high yielding varieties. This project also envisages the extent of genetic diversity, character association, combining ability, heterosis and gene action of quantitative traits in bittergourd. Out of 86 genotypes screened against BDMV, mne genotypes from Northern and Central parts of Kerala were identified as resistant viz., IC 68296, IC 68335, IC 68263B, IC 68275, IC 68250A, IC 85620, IC 68285, IC 68312 and IC 68272. Clustering pattern of genotypes did not follow geographical origin, but they were grouped based on BDMV reaction. The parent IC 68275 was identified as the best general combiner for BDMV resistance and fruit yield per plant. The other resistant parents viz., IC 68335 and IC 68263B were resulted in low fruit yield per plant can be used to diversify the source of resistance in hybridisation programme. Hybrids le 68250A x Preethi and VKV 134 x IC 68342B can be exploited commercially for high fruit yield in seasons of less incidence of distortion mosaic. The resistant hybrids IC 68263B x IC 68275 and IC 68275 x IC 68342B having moderately high yield can be utilized commercially during seasons or areas of high incidence of distortion mosaic. The resistant genes for this disease are freely transferable to high yielding varieties. Selection based on number of fruits, fruit weight and resistance to BDMV can be used for improving fruit yield. BDMV resistance is controlled by polygenes and their expressions are highly influenced by environment. The higher incidence of distortion mosaic was noticed during summer. Scope of exploitation of heterosis with resistance to distortion mosaic is suggested for further studies for confirmation and utilization.
Breeding for two line hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2006) Ambili Nair, S; Radhakrishnan, V V
The present investigation entitled “Breeding for two line hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University during 2002-2005. Field trails were laid out at experimental fields of College of Horticulture Vellanikkara (COH) and Cardamom Research Station (CRS), Pampadumpara of Kerala Agricultural University. The experimental materials consist of TGMS lines collected from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. HYVs from different Research Stations of Kerala viz. Moncompu, Pattambi and Mannuthy formed pollinator parents. The primary investigation was carried out at College of Horticulture, Vellanikakra to study the sterility/fertility behaviour of TGMS lines. It was found that February to May season can be considered as the ideal period for exhibiting 100 per cent sterility to utilize this period for the hybrid seed production. The study at COH, about the sterility behaviour of TGMS lines revealed that >32.20C during day time and >220C during night time are sufficient to make the lines completely male sterile. Experiments at Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara indicated that the region is suited for the maintenance and multiplication of TGMS lines. The study at CRS, Pampadumpara proved that 290C maximum temperature and 190C minimum temperature as the Critical Fertility Points of TGMS lines. Evaluation of 25 high yielding pollinator parents indicated that taller genotypes having more number of productive tillers plant-1increased straw yield and optimum growth duration are indicative of higher grain yield. TS29-1 was found to be a better line for higher hybrid seed production. Natural pollination with suitable pollinator parents was proved to be a viable method for the production of two line hybrid seeds. The allogamous traits of TGMS lines viz. total number of spikelets panicle-1, total number of tillers plant-1, SER, angle of glume opening and anther length will increase OCR. The 34 two line hybrids evolved through natural pollination with pollinator parents exhibited higher mean value for the characters such as panicle length, total number of spikelets panucle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield. Out of 25 pollinator parents, 21 could restore fertility in TGMS lines indicating that all these 21 parents can be used for evolving two line hybrids. Based on the gca effects of male parents Asha, Panchami, Krishnanjana, Ahalya, Aruna and Uma were good general combiners. Ten promising two line hybrids were TS29-1 x Aruna, TS29-1 x Makom, TS29-1 x Remya, TS29-1 x Panchami, TS29-1 x Uma, TS29-2 x Asha, TS29-2 x Krishnanjana, TS29-2 x Annapoorna, TS29-2 x Bharathy and TS29-2 x Ahalya. All the two line hybrids recorded significant positive heterosis for ear head characters, grain yield and straw yield (except TS 29-1 x Revathy).Twenty one F1 hybrids had more than 50 per cent heterosis over standard check Jyothi for grain yield. Superior ten crosses with respect to Jyothi had heterosis ranged from 80.58 per cent to 122.04 per cent for grain yield. Straw yield showed more than 30 per cent standard heterosis for these top ten crosses. All these hybrids recorded intermediate amylose content and acceptable cooking quality parameters including red kernels much preferred by Keralites. All the two line hybrids had black coloured stigma, an ideal character for early rouging of off types. Proline content of these hybrids was higher suggesting their improved stress tolerance.
Combining ability analysis for yield and yield components in rice varieties of diverse origin
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2003) Vanaja, T; Luckins C, Babu; Radhakrishnan, V V; Pushkaran, K
Exploration, collection and evaluation of brahmi (bacopa monniera wettst.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2006) Vishnuvardhan Reddy Banda; Radhakrishnan, V V
The study on “Exploration, Collection and Evaluation of brami (Bacopa monniera wettst.) was undertaken during 2004-2006 at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University for evaluating the collected accessions from different eco-geographical locations of Kerala based on the morphological characters and the pharmaceutically important constituent i.e. bacoside-A. Twenty-nine accessions of Bacopa monniera collected from different eco-geographical locations were examined for genetic variability carried in them. The accessions were grown in pots, arranged in completely random block design, replicated twice, and observed for eight quantitative characters and bacoside-A content in the herbage. All the accessions were distinctly different irrespective of the geographical locations from where they were collected. The accessions were grouped into five clusters and the accessions showed no parallelism between clusters and geographical distribution. The bacoside-A content of the herbage was found to be low in the accessions possessing high internodal length and more number of flowers. Positive correlations for bacoside content was observed with shoot length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and biomass. The accessions, which flowered late, had good bacoside-A content. The accessions collected from Ernakulam district recorded good bacoside content when compared to accessions from other districts. The accession from Delhi recorded very trace amount of bacoside-A content. Bacoside content and biomass, which are very important for ayurvedic practioners had high heritabilities indicating the consistency of these two irrespective of the effect of the environment. It can be inferred that both the gross agroclimatic environment of the region and microenvironment in the vicinity of the water bodies where Bacopa monniera genotypes occur will regulate its growth and the content of bacoside-A.
Genetic divergence and selection parameters in basmati rice
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Sreejaya, K C; Radhakrishnan, V V
The research project 'Genetic divergence and selection parameters in Basmati rice was carried out in the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the period 1995-'97. The major objectives of the study were to study the genetic divergence among advanced breeding lines of Basmati rice evolved at various rice research centres in India and to select high yielding quality Basmati rice genotypes adopted to Kerala ecosystem. The study, about components of heritable variation revealed that the range of variation is high for height of plant at harvest, total number of tillers, numbers of panicle bearing tillers, number of panicles/ m2 , number of spikelets/panicle, pubescence, awnness, num- ber of grains/panicle, aroma, overall acceptability, amylose content, kernel elongation after cooking, elongation ratio and yield. Heritability studies revealed that pH of raw grain, LIB ratio, kernel breadth and taste showed the maximum broad sense heritability among the qualitative characters; number of days to panicle initiation also had high heritability among the quantitative characters. Cluster analysis revealed that there was no parallelism between geographical distribu- tion and genetic diversity. The 38 genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Correlation studies revealed that the principal yield determining components in Basmati rice are number of days to panicle initiation, number of days to 50% flowering, height of plant at harvest, number of panicle bearing tillers, number of paniclesl/m2 ,1000 grain weight, aroma, kernel length before and after cooking, alkali value and awnness. While selecting genotypes for higher yield potential, emphasis should be given for compara- tively long vegetative period, short period from panicle initiation to 50 percent flower- ing and dwarf plant type. A selection model was formulated consisting of the characters namely. Yield/ha, num- ber of days to panicle initiation, height of plant at harvest, number of panicles/m2 , alkali value and elongation ratio. Basmati culture 385 and UPR-BS-92-4 are identified as superior genotypes among the entries studied.
Genetic studies in red gram (Cajanus cajan L.)
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1988) Radhakrishnan, V V; Narayanan Namboodiri, K M
The research project “Genetic studies in red gram (Csjsnus csjsn h. Mill sp.)* wae carried out at the College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Trichur during the period 1983-86. The genetic diversity studies among the 112 genotypes of red grans obtained from NBPGR, Vellanikkera and THAU, Coimbatore during 1963-84 showed that the genotypes of the same place of origin fell into different clusters while those of diversified origin fell into seme cluster. All the genotypes studied were grouped into five clusters. Based on both the inter and intr©cluster distances 20 genotypes representing the broad spectrum of variability were selected and raised during 1965-86. The values estimated for phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation showed that number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield possessed high estimates. Number of days from sowing to 50 per cent flowering and seed yield have exhibited high heritabllity coupled with moderately high genetic gain estimate* indicating the involvement of additive gene effect* Ku:ber of days from sowing to harvest and height of plant at harvest, have high or moderately high estimates of heritability together with low values of genetic gain indicating the action of non-additive genes. In nine out of ten cases there has been significant positive correlation between component characters and seed yield both in the phenotypic and genotypic levels, however the correlation of hundred seed weight with seed yield was not significant both at phenotypic and genotypic levels* Intercorrelaticna studies have shown that characters exhibiting significant association with seed yield per plant were also highly intercorrelated indicating that these characters can be simultaneously improved. Path coefficient analysis showed that number of poda par plant, hundred seed weight, number of primary branches at harvest, number of secondary branches at harvest and length of pod bearing branches had high positive direct effects on seed yield in th at order* The residual effect wea 0*07227 indicating that about 93 per cent of the variation in yield were contributed by the ten components considered in path coefficient analysis. The selection index formulated with characters like seed yield, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight showed an efficiency of 8.4 per cent over direct selection and it includes 57 per cent of the factors determining the yield. Hence it is suggested for isolating superior genotypes. A comparison of different genotypes based on the index value has revealed the superiority of the genotypes NSPGR-XX-EC—10046-1 and HBPGR-124-PLA-345-1 over others. The study paved the way for understanding the source of variability for various factors contributing to yield, the degree of diversity among the genotypes, on the association between yield and its components and between themselves, and helped to formulate selection index for selecting superior genotypes.
Genetic studies in red gram (eafanui caiaixL)
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1988) Radhakrishnan, V V; Narayanan Namboodiri, K M
Selection parameters in tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Radhakrishnan, V V; Gopakumar, K
During a biometrical study conducted on 20 divergent types of tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the premises of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute at Trivandrum, as a postgraduate programme of the Kerala Agricultural University, useful informations on the selection parameters become available. Accordingly, it was found that harvest index should be the best reliable criterion for effecting selection in favour of a desirable genotype from among others in a genetically heterogenic base population. Further, it is proposed that potentially high tuber yielders in the crop could be identified among relatively short statured ones with more number of large sized leaves that have become completely developed sufficiently early during development of the shoot. In addition , a tendency for relatively more number of leaves to become abscissed towards the time of harvest should also be considered as a positive sign of high tuber yield
Stability analysis of kunjukunju rice cultures (Oryza sativa L.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Jyothi, R; Radhakrishnan, V V
Stability analysis for Kunjukunju rice cultures in three locations of Palghat, Thrissur and Emakulam was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2001-2002. Among the eight Kunjukunju rice cultures studied the Kunjukunju rice culture K-6 was found to be stable in different environments for many of the yield and yield traits. It can be selected as the most stable, high yielding and well adapted Kunjukunju rice culture suitable for Pal ghat, Thrissur and Emakulam locations. The variety Kanchana showed to be specially adapted only to favourable environments for many of the yield traits and found to be unfavourable for many environments.
Standardisation of two line heterosis breeding in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) for Kerala
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Rajesh, T; Radhakrishnan, V V
The present investigation entitled “Standardisation of two line heterosis breeding in rice(Oryza sativa L.) for Kerala” was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University during 2010-2013.The objectives of the study were to identify the promising TGMS lines of rice, for the production of two line hybrids suited to Kerala and to standardize the two line heterosis breeding programme. The experimental materials consisted of TGMS lines collected from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and high yielding varieties of rice from different research stations of Kerala. The primary investigation was carried out at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara to study the sterility/fertility behavior of TGMS lines .It was found that April and May seasons can be considered as the ideal period of exploiting 100 per cent sterility in rice for the hybrid seed production.Experiments at CRS Pampadumpara was the suitable location for TGMS line seed multiplication. The present study concluded that CST(Critical Sterility Temperature) ranged from 34.2 to 38.6 0 Cand CFT (Critical Fertility Temperature) ranged from 23.6 to 25.4 0 C. Natural pollination with suitable pollinator parents proved to be a viable method for the production of two line hybrid seeds.Aiswarya, Makom, Kanchana and Samyuktha were good general combiners whereas Kairali was a poor combiner . Per se performance and gca effects were not correlated for most of the characters evaluated. The two line hybrids TGMS 91S x Makom, TGMS82S x Aiswarya , TGMS 81S x Kairali, TGMS 81S x Kanchana, TGMS 91S x Kairali exhibited superior SCA effects for various characters in COH Vellanikkara . TGMS 82S x Samyuktha , TGMS 74S x Samyuktha, TGMS 81S x Aiswarya, TGMS 91S x Samyuktha, TGMS 74S x Kairali, TGMS 74S x Makom showed superior SCA effects for the characters studied at RARS Pattambi.Molecular analysis revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.291 (RM2) to 0.648 (RM132) with an average of 0.448. RM11 markers showed more number of alleles with PIC value more than 0.50 indicate the efficiency of this primer in detecting the most heterogenous accession. Cooking quality analysis of promising hybrids revealed intermediate amylose content and intermediate alkali spreading value for TGMS 91S x Makom , TGMS 91S x Kanchana, TGMS 81S x Makom and TGMS 81S x Aiswarya. TGMS 81S x MattaTriveni recorded highest grain and straw yield at COH Vellanikkara. TGMS 91S x Samyuktha was the best performer at RARS Pattambi.
Variability analysis of allogamous traits in rice
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Deepa, K P; Radhakrishnan, V V
The research project entitled "Variability analysis of allogamous traits In rice (Oryza saliva L.)" was carried out in the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur and the Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy, Thrissur during the period 1998-99. The major objective of the study was to estimate the amount of variability for floral traits influencing out-crossing in high yielding, local and wild genotypes and CMS lines. It also evaluated the association of these floral traits to out-crossing and identified the genotypes with good morphological traits favouring out-crossing, which can be utilized for restructuring rice flower to suit hybrid seed production. Statistical analysis revealed significant variation in all the 18 characters studied viz, plant height, flag leaf angle, panicle exsertion at flowering and maturity, per cent out-crossing, anther length, filament length, pollen fertility, pollen viability, residual pollen, stigma length, stigma diameter, stigma hair length, angle between stigmatic lobes, stigma exsertion per cent, glume angle, duration of spikelet opening and flowering period in thirty three genotypes of rice. Highest genotypic coefficient and phcnotypic coefficients of variations were observed for STigma exsertion followed by per cent out-crossing and residual pollen. Correlation studies revealed significant positive correlation between out- crossing and the floral traits flag leaf angle and spikelet opening-closing duration. All the traits except residual pollen showed high heritability coupled with genetic gain. Statistical studies showed V20A and V20B, Jaya, Kanchana, Bharathi, Neeraja, Kairali, Nandyar, Chennellu, Oryza longistamina, Oryza oJjicinalis and Oryza spontanea with good floral traits favouring out-crossing.
Variability in asoka (Saraca asoca(Roxb.) de wilde)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Vidhu Francis Palathingal; Radhakrishnan, V V