Browsing by Author "Rajendran, P C"

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Development of scar marker for authentication of gender in kodampuli (Garcinia gummi-gutta var.gummigutta)
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2010) Shelke Sunil Marotarao; Rajendran, P C
The diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the two serious obesity related life-style diseases, spreading at alarming rate throughout the world, especially in thickly populated third world countries in which India occupies the prime position. The fleshy fruit rind of Kodampuli (Garcinia gummi-gutta) is the richest natural source of anti-obesity metabolite hydroxyl citric acid (HCA). Which inhibit the conversion of carbohydrate to fats without affecting Kreb’s cycle through an enzyme ATP citrate lyase. Since Kodampuli is a polygamodioecious tree, it takes 8 to 12 years to identify the female trees. No significant reports are available for sex determination in Kodampuli on the basis of physiological, biochemical or molecular characters. Sex identification, lack of orthotropic shoots for grafting, prolonged seed dormancy, poor seed germination and lack of awareness of its pharmaceutical significance are hindering the extensive cultivation of this backyard companion crop in Kerala and other coastal regions of country. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop simple PCR based technique which can use for gender diagnostic in this plant. DNA samples were extracted from field grown 15 to 20 years old 25 male and 25 female trees and were bulked to 5 samples each by sex type. Earlier reported RAPD primers viz. Kit C1, Kit C8 and Kit C9 were screened but no significant polymorphism was observed. So a total of random 46 decamer primers were tested and six primers were selected for further analysis. On rescreening of the six selected primes viz. RN 5, RN 9, RN 10, RY 5, RY 18 and OPAH 12 only OPAH 12 reproduce male specific band in bulked and individual samples. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments were generated in the both bulks in order to identify markers that were polymorphic between male and female plants. A 550 base-pair (bp) male-specific DNA fragment generated with the OPAH-12 primer was identified. The polymorphic male specific band produced by OPAH 12 primer was eluted and cloned in pGEM-T vector, and transformed into E. coli JM 109 cells. Cloned cells were subjected to blue-white screening and transformed one was sent for sequencing The sequence obtained after vector screening was subjected to nucleotide blast search and ORF finder. It does not reveal any significant levels of homology and reading frame. Two pairs of SCAR primer were designed on the basis of sequence. These SCAR primers were checked for male and female samples but no polymorphic band was observed. The future line of work can be to screen the male and female genotypes with more number of primers to obtain larger base pair polymorphic band. That can used to convert this dominant marker to co-dominant one like SCAR marker. SCAR marker would be successfully employed in breeding experiments for Marker Assisted Selection.
Effects of graded doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Poir)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Rajendran, P C; Gopalakrishnan, P K; Gopalakrishnan, T R; Peter, K V
In planta transformation via pollen tube pathway in black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2009) Asha, S; Rajendran, P C
In vitro response and cause of recalcitarancy in coconut
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1997) Chandralekha, K; Rajendran, P C
A study was undertaken in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 1995 to 1997 to find out the in vitro response and causes of recalcitrancy in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Young palms of 0 x T parentage were used as source of explants in the present study. Direct and indirect organogenesis and embryogenesis were tried in various explants like zygotic embryo, immature inflorescence rachillae, anther and tender leaves. Coconut tissues usually turn brown under in vitro condition due to polyphenol interference. Addition of 0.25 per cent activated charcoal reduced the phenolic exudation effectively and was found superior to the addition of ascorbic acid or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The phenolic exudation was considerably reduced under dark condition. Y 3 medium was found to be superior for zygotic embryo culture and growth of inflorescence tissues whereas, Blaydes medium was found suitable for anther culture. Y3 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg -1 NAA and 1.0 mg -1 kinetin was found the best for zygotic embryo culture. Immature zygotic embryos produced friable, nodular callus with higher embryogenic potential. White globular structures were produced when concentration of 2,4-0 was gradually reduced but regeneration was not obtained. Immature inflorescence rachillae explants produced friable callus when high levels of 2,4-0 was supplemented. Callusing was observed from microspores when L-glutamine 500 mg 1-1,2,4-02 mg l-1, coconut water 15 per cent v/v and 9 per cent sucrose were added to the Blaydes medium. But repeat- ability of callus induction was not obtained. Total phenol content, polyphenol oxidase activity and protein content were different in different plant parts and these factors indirectly affected the response of tissues under in vitro condition. Coconut is admittedly a recalcitrant material as far as tissue culture is concerned. Hence much more concerted efforts are required to develop a viable protocol for the micropropagation of coconut (Cocos nucifera) L. Nevertheless, the above mentioned observations on biochemical attributes points, in part, to the possible factors related to the recalcitrant behaviour of coconut in vitro.
Management of biodegradable plant tissue culture lab wastes through biomethanogenesis
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikara, 2008) Abdulla Fayas, T; Rajendran, P C
Generating renewable source of energy from tissue culture laboratory waste by the process of biomethanogenesis is the focal theme of present investigation. Unlike developed countries, the developing countries are hesitant to establish more number of biotechnology/ tissue culture laboratories due to financial constraints. Easy and regular availability of biogas from TC wastes will be a boon to establish self-sustainable TC laboratory in view of present energy crisis. The biogas experimental units required for the study was designed and various treatments were employed for the biodegradation of tissue culture waste, using the methanogenic bacteria Methanobacterium ruminatium, Methanobacterium formicicum, Methcmosarcina barkeri, Bactereoides ruminicola, Selenomonas ruminatium, Eubacterium tortuosum and Clostridium butyricum. Treatment involving TC waste and cow dung was also conducted for biomethanation in the present study. Quantity of gas production and its combustibility was noticed for various treatments. In bacterial treatments the quantity of gas generation was highest for Clostridium butyricum. Only treatments involving cow dung produced combustible gas. Molecular characterization of methanogenic bacterial cultures was also done for finding the genetic similarity between them. RAPD followed by scoring of the bands by UPGA routine showed maximum similarity between bacterial cultures of Methanobacterium ruminatium and Methanobacterium formicicum with Methanosarcina barkeri. Physio-chemical characters like C/N ratio of the TC wastes, pH and temperature of medium and Hydraulic retention time was also observed for the various treatments. The C/N ratio of the TC wastes was found to be very low and nowhere near the optimum C/N ratio of 20-30 required for gas production. Other parameters like pH of the treatments and Hydraulic retention time was also noticed. The pH of the treatments involving bacterial cultures was very low, considering the normal pH of 6.8 to 7.5 required in biogas generation. The main constraints in the bio gas generation were found out to be the low C/N ratio of the TC waste and the low pH of the medium. The present study indicated the possibility of bio-gas generation from TC waste through fortification using various supplements like coconut water and coir pith which have higher C/N ratio.
Management of biodegradable plant tissue culture lab wastes through biomethanogenesis
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2008) Abdulla Fayas, T; Rajendran, P C
Generating renewable source of energy from tissue culture laboratory waste by the process of biomethanogenesis is the focal theme of present investigation. Unlike developed countries, the developing countries are hesitant to establish more number of biotechnology/ tissue culture laboratories due to financial constraints. Easy and regular availability of biogas from TC wastes will be a boon to establish self-sustainable TC laboratory in view of present energy The biogas experimental units required for the study was designed and various treatments were employed for the biodegradation of tissue culture waste, using the methanogenic bacteria Methanobacterium ruminatium, Methanobacterium formicicum; Methanosarcina barkeri, Bactereoides ruminicola, Selenomonas ruminatium, Eubacterium tortuosum and Clostridium butyricum. Treatment involving TC waste and cow dung was also conducted for biomethanation in the present study. Quantity of gas production and its combustibility was noticed for various treatments. In bacterial treatments the quantity of gas generation was highest for Clostridium butyricum. Only treatments involving cow dung produced combustible gas. Molecular characterization, of methanogenic bacterial cultures was also done for finding the genetic similarity between them. RAPD followed by scoring . of the bands by UPGA routine showed maximum similarity between bacterial cultures of Methanobacterium ruminatium and Methanobacterium jormicicum with Methanosarcina barkeri. Physio-chemical characters like CIN ratio of the TC wastes, pH and temperature of medium and Hydraulic retention time was also observed for the various treatments. The CIN ratio of the TC wastes was found to be very low and nowhere near the optimum CIN ratio of 20-30 required for gas production. Other parameters like pH of the treatments and Hydraulic retention time was also. • noticed. The pH of the treatments involving bacterial cultures was very low, considering the normal pH of 6.8 to 7.5 required in biogas generation. The main constraints in the biogas generation were found out to be the low CIN ratio of the TC waste and the low pH of the medium. The present study indicated the possibility ofbio-gas generation from TC waste through fortification using various supplements like coconut water and coir pith which have higher CIN ratio.
Optimum spacing of groundnut as intercrop in tapioca
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1985) Rajendran, P C; Mariyam, K A; Lathif, P H; Kurian, T M; Sasidhar, V K
The results from the studies conducted at the Research Station and Instructional Farm, Mannuthy from 1977 to 1981 indicated that among different treatments, growing one row of groundnut at 30 cm apart may be optimum for intercropping with tapioca as compared to the sole crop of tapioca. In addition, it is possible to get an increase in income of Rs. 1,223 per ha than growing tapioca alone.
Parasexual hybridization of piper nigrum and piper colubrinum through protoplast fusion
(Department of Plantation Crops And Spices,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Resmi Paul; Rajendran, P C
Black pepper is the most important export oriented commodity and foreign exchange earner among the Indian spices. Ravages due to diseases, particularly the most devastating Phytophthora foot rot caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the major constraints in the production of black pepper all over the world. Piper colubrinum, a wild relative of black pepper is found to be immune to foot rot disease. Non – existence of cultivar level tolerance or resistance against foot rot disease in black pepper necessitated the incorporation of incompatible wild relatives through parasexual hybridization. This study was undertaken in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices and the Plant Tissue Culture laboratory of the Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara between September 1998 to April 2000. The cultures of P. nigrum and P. colubrinum were initiated in test tubes and were maintained at 26 + 20C temperature and 60 to 80 per cent humidity. The green leaves excised from axenic cultures of both the species were treated with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulose and pectinase maintained at proper osmotic concentration. In P. nigrum maximum yield was observed at 1.4 per cent cellulose and 0.34 per cent pectinase. Cellulase and pexctinase at a concentration of 1.0 per cent and 0.217 per cent respectively recorded highest yield in P. colubrinum. In both the species 0.6 M osmoticum was found to be optimum to maintain the osmotic potential of the isolation solution. Highest yield of protoplasts was recorded in both the species during 21 h of digestion. Filtration-centrifugation technique was found to be superior in purifying the Piper protoplasts compared to the sucrose floatation method. Centrifugation at 1000 rpm for three minutes was found to be best for purifying P. nigrum protoplasts. For purifying P. colubrimum protoplasts, 600 rpm for three minutes was found to be optimum. Highest viability was noticed at 0.55 M and 0.65 M osmoticum in 1.0 per cent cellulose and 0.28 per cent pectinase during 21 h of digestion in P. nigrum. In P. colubrinum, maximum viability was observed at 0.4 M osmoticum in the enzyme mixture 1.0 per cent Cellulase and 0.186 per cent Pectinase during 18 h of incubation. Protoplasts of both the species when cultured on modified MS medium formed no cell wall and have not undergone any division. A age of the cultures advanced, proptoplast viability decreased in P. nigrum and P. colubrinum. All the protoplasts died by the second week in both the species. The protoplasts of both the species were heterogenous in terms of size. Fusion of the protoplasts was not observed after PEG treatment in the present study.
Physio morphological and biochemical responses of black pepper(Piper nigrum L.) to irrigation,pruning and hormone application for flushing,fowering and berry set
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2003) Thanuja, T V; Rajendran, P C
Refinement of micropropagation protocol and RAPD assay for sex determination in kodampuli (Garcinia gummi-gutta var.gummigutta)
(Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2008) Premjith Gopinath; Rajendran, P C