Browsing by Author "Rameshkumar, K B"

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Diversity analysis of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng in Kerala through phytochemical and genetic profiling
(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Aswani Sureshbabu, T; Rameshkumar, K B
The research work entitled ―Diversity analysis of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng in Kerala through phytochemical and genetic profiling‖ was carried out at Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, and Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division of KSCSTE-JNTBGRI, Palode, during 2019-2020. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.is the leafy spice plant commonly known as curry leaf. The plant, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is native to India, Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries. It is widely used for culinary purposes and medicinal purposes in Ayurveda. To find the diversity within species through phytochemical and genomic analysis level, different accessions were collected from various biogeographical regions, seasons and different maturity stages. The essential oil was isolated from the samples by hydrodistillation using Clevenger type apparatus, and the oils were analyzed using GCMS. The results show considerable variation in the oil yield in different seasons, maturity stages and biogeography. Total oil yield varies from 0.10%v/w to 0.48%v/w. From this study, the major compounds were identified as E-caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, E-β- ocimene, α-humulene, α-selinene and α-pinene. Accession collected from Kannur was distinct from other accessions in statistical analysis. Seasonal variation analysis revealed that the oil yield was higher in the rainy season. Further, mature leaves possess a higher amount of essential oil compared to younger leaves. Genetic diversity was checked by isolating DNA from samples taken from various locations of Kerala and their diversity is analyzed by SCoT Primer PCR amplification. The SCoT markers showed an average of 92.96% polymorphism. This study provides a diversity profile of Murraya koenigii in Kerala. It can be further elaborated by analyzing more number of plant samples and soil samples from different places to develop a variety of high volatile content yield for farmers.
Evaluation of phytochemical diversity of cinnamomum verum j.presl in South India
(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Athira S Nair; Rameshkumar, K B
Cinnamon, obtained from the inner bark of Cinnamomum verum J. S. Presl (Syn. C. zeylanicum Blume), is the second largest spice used in the world. There are several ambiguities regarding the origin, distribution, diversity and authenticity of Cinnamonand the present study evaluates the intra species diversity of C. verum distributed in south India through morphological, phytochemical and genetic analyses. Field study was conducted across south India and revealed that cinnamon (C. verum) is naturalized especially in homesteads of Kerala. Large scale plantations were rare and it is suggested to take initiatives to protect existing plantations as a genetic pool and also to promote large scale cultivation of cinnamon in Kerala to get good quality cinnamon. Morphological characters of leaves including qualitative and quantitative characteristics were evaluated and variations were observed among different accessions. The interspecies chemical diversity was studied based on volatile as well as non volatile chemical profiling. HPTLC analysis was carried out to determine presence of marker compounds in solvent extracts, while GC-MS analysis of essential oils were carried out for volatile chemical profiling. The chemical profiles showed significant variation between the accessions and were grouped in to different clads based on their chemical compositions. Content oftoxiccoumarin, which is a benchmark in the authenticity of cinnamon, was evaluated and results showed that authentic sample contain negligible or below detection limit of coumarin compared to market samples and cassia cinnamon. The genetic diversity was also analyzed among the different accessions of cinnamon collected. Highly polymorphic, four ISSR primers were used for genetical study and the genetic diversity was assessed using dendrogram that grouped 12 accessions in to 4 groups. The results revealed the existence of variation within the studied cinnamon accessions which may be caused by cross pollination, and due to the influence of other biogeographic conditions. The accession collected from the remaining of Cinnamon plantation at Ancharakkandy, Kannur emerged as a promising accession with favorable flavor qualities.
Phytochemical profiling and genetic diversity analysis of Mangifere indica Linn. varieties of Kerala
(Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Bona Sajimon; Rameshkumar, K B
The study entitled “Phytochemical profiling and genetic diversity analysis of Mangifera indica Linn. varieties in Kerala” was carried out at the Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram during the academic year 2019 – 2020. The objective of the study was to map and authenticate selected local varieties of Mangifera indica in Kerala through phytochemical profiling of leaf volatile chemicals and the genetic diversity analysis using SCoT marker polymorphisms. Essential oils were obtained from the mature leaves of ten local mango varieties through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and were analysed using GC-MS. A total of 55 volatile compounds ranging from 92.2 % to 98.0 % were identified from the ten varieties studied. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the major class of compounds among the identified volatiles. The prominent ones from this terpene classes include bicyclogermacrene, α-gurjunene, α-pinene, α-phellandrene, E-caryophyllene, terpinolene, δ-3-carene, limonene, α-humulene, germacrene D, β-selinene and germacrene B. While the statistical analysis of the varieties using their phytochemical composition clustered Vellari and Kilichundan as the nearest neighbours, Moovandan and Pulinji emerged as two distinct varieties from others in comparison. SCoT Primers proved to be a fine tool in studying the genetic diversity of M. indica varieties with an average polymorphism of 82% among the ten studied varieties. The varieties Kilichundan, Moovandan, Neelam and Kottoorkonam appeared as the ones with highest genetic similarity. Though the phytochemical and genetic diversities observed among the varieties are not directly linkable, the analyses helped to establish fine distinction between the varieties.