Browsing by Author "Resmi Paul"

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    Induction of variation in vitro and field evaluation of somaclones in ginger (zingiber officinale rosc)
    (Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2006) Resmi Paul; Shylaja, M R
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    Parasexual hybridization of piper nigrum and piper colubrinum through protoplast fusion
    (Department of Plantation Crops And Spices,College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2000) Resmi Paul; Rajendran, P C
    Black pepper is the most important export oriented commodity and foreign exchange earner among the Indian spices. Ravages due to diseases, particularly the most devastating Phytophthora foot rot caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the major constraints in the production of black pepper all over the world. Piper colubrinum, a wild relative of black pepper is found to be immune to foot rot disease. Non – existence of cultivar level tolerance or resistance against foot rot disease in black pepper necessitated the incorporation of incompatible wild relatives through parasexual hybridization. This study was undertaken in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices and the Plant Tissue Culture laboratory of the Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara between September 1998 to April 2000. The cultures of P. nigrum and P. colubrinum were initiated in test tubes and were maintained at 26 + 20C temperature and 60 to 80 per cent humidity. The green leaves excised from axenic cultures of both the species were treated with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulose and pectinase maintained at proper osmotic concentration. In P. nigrum maximum yield was observed at 1.4 per cent cellulose and 0.34 per cent pectinase. Cellulase and pexctinase at a concentration of 1.0 per cent and 0.217 per cent respectively recorded highest yield in P. colubrinum. In both the species 0.6 M osmoticum was found to be optimum to maintain the osmotic potential of the isolation solution. Highest yield of protoplasts was recorded in both the species during 21 h of digestion. Filtration-centrifugation technique was found to be superior in purifying the Piper protoplasts compared to the sucrose floatation method. Centrifugation at 1000 rpm for three minutes was found to be best for purifying P. nigrum protoplasts. For purifying P. colubrimum protoplasts, 600 rpm for three minutes was found to be optimum. Highest viability was noticed at 0.55 M and 0.65 M osmoticum in 1.0 per cent cellulose and 0.28 per cent pectinase during 21 h of digestion in P. nigrum. In P. colubrinum, maximum viability was observed at 0.4 M osmoticum in the enzyme mixture 1.0 per cent Cellulase and 0.186 per cent Pectinase during 18 h of incubation. Protoplasts of both the species when cultured on modified MS medium formed no cell wall and have not undergone any division. A age of the cultures advanced, proptoplast viability decreased in P. nigrum and P. colubrinum. All the protoplasts died by the second week in both the species. The protoplasts of both the species were heterogenous in terms of size. Fusion of the protoplasts was not observed after PEG treatment in the present study.
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    Vegetative propagation in orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack)
    (Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, 2025-01-25) Yarrakula Venugopal; Resmi Paul
    Murraya paniculata L. Jack, commonly known as orange jasmine, belongs to the family Rutaceae. This versatile plant is highly valued for its ornamental appeal and various practical applications. Its leaves and stems are widely used as cut foliage in floral arrangements, bouquets, wreaths, and interior decorations. Fully bloomed trees, adorned with fragrant white flowers, make it striking specimen plant in gardens. Orange jasmine can be propagated through seeds, but sexually propagated plants take a long time to flower, and seeds are not available throughout the year. Vegetative propagation through cuttings is challenging due to their difficulty in rooting, creating a need for more effective propagation methods. With rising demand in the cut foliage industry, commercial cultivation of orange jasmine has increased, further emphasizing the need for accessible planting materials. Currently, most planting materials are sourced from specific centers, such as Rajahmundry in Andhra Pradesh, which adds to the cultivation cost. To address these challenges, the present study entitled “Vegetative propagation in orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack)” was carried out at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping during 2022 2024. The study comprised of three experiments viz., standardization of propagation by cuttings, standardization of media for propagation of cuttings and standardization of air layering. In the first experiment, type of cutting and growth regulator treatment for propagation of orange jasmine was standardised. Softwood and semi hardwood cuttings were subjected to different treatments like coconut water (10 minutes) and various concentrations of growth regulators (IBA and NAA alone and combinations of IBA and NAA) for one minute during June 2024. Cuttings were then planted in polybags filled with soil, coir pith and FYM (2:1:1) and kept for rooting in side protected rain shelter. Softwood cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA exhibited increased sprouting (72.22 %), shoot length (8.52 cm), leaf number (4.56), rooting percentage (72.22 %), root number (15), root length (21.45 cm), root volume (2.91 cm3), fresh root weight (1.18 g) and dry root weight (0.157 g) at 120 days after planting. Softwood cuttings treated with 2000 ppm IBA exhibited early sprouting (8.67 days). Total phenol and flavonoid content in the basal part of the cuttings was lower in softwood cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA at 30 (phenol: 4.13 mg/g FW, flavonoid: 2.16 mg/g FW) and 45 (phenol: 3.45 mg/g FW, flavonoid: 1.73 mg/g FW) days after planting. Histological and external morphological observations revealed that adventitious roots of M. paniculata originated from the cambial cells of the xylem. These roots extended outwards through the phloem, schlerenchyma, cortex, epidermis, and callus tissue and emerged out. Unlike other species, no white callus tissue covering the base of the cuttings was observed in orange jasmine. In the second experiment, best treatment selected from the first experiment i.e. softwood cuttings treated with 1000 ppm IBA for one minute were planted in different rooting media such as control (soil: coir pith: FYM- 2:1:1), sand, sand + coir pith (1:1), sand + coir pith + soil (1:1:1), coir pith + vermiculite + perlite (3:1:1), coir pith + FYM (1:1) + VAM (10 g/ polybag) + Azospirillum (10 g/ polybag). Cuttings planted in coir pith + FYM (1:1) + VAM (10 g/ polybag) + Azospirillum (10 g/ polybag) performed well compared to other treatment combinations used in the study by recording minimum days for sprouting (9.50), maximum shoot length (6.24 cm), number of leaves (3.67), rooting percentage (66.67 %), number of roots (12.83), root length (19.94 cm), root volume (2.81 cm3), fresh weight of roots (0.99 g) and dry weight of roots (0.094 g) at three months after planting. When B:C ratio of two treatments (T1 and T6) when compared, T1 recorded higher B:C ratio (4.3) compared to T6 (2.9) and was found more economically viable. In the third experiment on air layering, after removal of bark from mature shoots, the girdled portion was treated with different plant growth regulators viz., IBA, IAA and NAA (1000 and 2000 ppm) and subjected to air layering during July 2024. Sphagnum moss was used as media for rooting purpose. Among the different treatments, IBA 2000 ppm performed well compared to other treatments tried in the study by recording less number of days for root initiation (27.67 days), maximum root length (8.26 cm), number of roots (62.33), root volume (2.41 cm3), minimum days for separation of air layers from the mother plant (56.67days) and higher survival percentage (76.67%) of the layers in the nursery. The present study revealed that softwood cuttings are better than semi hardwood cuttings for propagation of orange jasmine. Softwood cuttings treated with IBA 1000 ppm for one minute recorded superior growth parameters compared to other treatments. Suitable growing media identified for propagation of orange jasmine was coir pith + FYM (1:1) + VAM (10 g/ polybag) + Azospirillum (10 g/ polybag). Application of IBA 2000 ppm in the girdled portion of mature shoots of orange jasmine was found superior for air layering due to their better growth parameters