Browsing by Author "Sajan Kurien"

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Bunch stalk feeding of urea In banana musa (AAB group) nendran
(Department of Pomology and Horticulture,College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 1997) Ancy, T K; Sajan Kurien
The experiment entitled "Bunch stalk feeding of urea in banana Musa (AAB group) "Nendran'" was carried out at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, Vellanikkara during the period of 1996 June to 1997 June with five preliminary and two main experiments. The major objectives of this research was to study the effect of bunch management practices like male bud pruning and urea feeding in banana on yield and quality attributes and also the metabolism of urea in the fruit. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Design with two replications. The preliminary experiments had undoubtedly, proved the fact that, pruning the male bud at a distance of 20 cm from the last hand improve the bunch characters and yield. Urea feeding through the cut and of bunch stalk also had its impact on getting maximum return with minimum inputs. Placement of an optimum dose of 30g urea at the cut stalk end, 3 weeks after the complete emergence of the bunch by adopting the flat cut method increased yields. A higher dose, greater than 50g resulted in negative effects on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the bunch as well as fingers. The main experiments on bunch stalk feeding, also reinforced the superiority of 30g placements at 2nd and 4th week after the emergence of bunch, after female phase recording an yield increment of 4.4 kg over the control. Urea spray, with a spray volume of 250 ml, at 5% concentration, 2 times on a bunch i.e., 3rd and 5th week and also at 3rd and 4th week recorded an yield increment of 3-3.5 kg, compared to the control. Higher doses and more frequency of urea spray resulted in a retearding effect on bunch development. Bunch feeding with urea did not reduce the quality significantly. But a slight increase in acidity and reduction in sugar content and TSS were noticed. The urease activity and molecular absorption of urea studies, to a great extent explain the metabolism of urea feeding in banana fruits. However, the rapidly expanding direct application of urea as a fertilizer and results generated in the study points to a re-evaluation of the existing methods, the role of this compound and the manner of its application and assimilation.
Carbon partitioning in banana intercropped in coconut gardens
(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Andan Ashraf; Sajan Kurien
Investigations on the experiment entitled “Carbon partitioning in banana intercropped in coconut gardens” were carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) Kumarakom, Kottayam from 2010 to 2011. The studies consisted of four experiments two each in Palayankodan and Njalipoovan. Two experiments were on basic studies on carbon partitioning in both the clones. The second part consisted of two experiments on the “Influence of bunch trimming regimes on yield and finger characters” in both the clones. Many theories on shooting and yield have been advanced and validated in bananas. One theory which has gained maximum importance is the number of leaves retained at shooting and at harvest, as it is these leaves that nourish and carry the bunch to logical maturity and consequent harvest. Hence, reduction or damage to leaves at and from the stage of shooting will adversely affect the finger characters and yield. The objective is to study the assimilate partitioning in two banana clones grown in coconut gardens at mid harvest stage, to understand how specific leaves contribute to yield and to know whether there is any variation between the two commonly grown clones of Njalipoovan and Palayankodan. The studies revealed that when the activity was given to various different leaves the accumulation in the sink were different for each leaf. When the individual source leaves were examined in the case of Palayankodan it revealed that the third leaf was the most efficient leaf in retention of photosynthates followed by the first, the second, fourth and the least in the fifth leaf. In case of Njalipoovan the maximum recovery was seen in the fourth leaf followed by third, the first, the second and the least in the fifth. This shows that in both the clones Palayankodan and Njalipoovan the least was recorded in the fifth leaf showing that the old senile leaf is less efficient in producing photosynthates. When partitioning of photosynthates from source leaves to different hands were studied in Palayankodan it was found that when the first leaf was given the activity maximum recovery was seen in the newly formed hand namely the seventh and the eighth hand. When the second leaf was given the activity maximum recovery was observed in the mid hands namely the fourth and fifth hands. In case of third leaf the maximum recovery was recorded in the mid hands but in the order namely the third, the fifth and the fourth hands, the source leaf itself retained a sizeable chunk of the activity. In case of the fourth leaf maximum recovery was observed in the fourth, the second and the fifth hands whereas in the case of the fifth leaf the maximum recovery was observed in the first formed hands in the order third, first and the second respectively. In Njalipoovan the picture varied from that of Palayankodan. When the first leaf was given activity maximum recovery was recorded in the eighth and the seventh hand as in the case of Palayankodan but in the reverse order. In case of the second leaf maximum recovery was observed in the newly formed seventh and eighth hand. In case of the third leaf maximum recovery was observed in the first formed hands namely the third and the second hands whereas in the case of the fourth leaf, the maximum activity was observed in the sixth hand followed by the fourth and the third hand respectively. When the fifth leaf was given the activity the maximum partitioning was observed in the sixth, the fifth and the fourth hand. In Palayankodan the studies on standardisation of pruning regimes, maximum bunch weight was observed in the bunch with nine hands followed by the ten hand and the eight hand system. The least was recorded in the bunch with six hands. On the contrary, in case of the hand weight, the finger weight finger length and the finger girth an identical trend was observed with maximum recorded in the most intensive pruning of retention of six hands to the no pruning control in the order. Slight variation in the order was observed in the case of finger length. Thus it is inferred that the nine hand system was best for domestic market and the eight hand for export. In case of Njalipoovan the maximum bunch weight was found in the ten hand system followed by the pruning of the male bud only, nine hand bunch, the eight hand bunch respectively. The six hand retention bunch recorded the least bunch weight. In case of the hand weight, the finger weight and finger girth almost an identical trend was observed. Maximum value for the hand weight, finger weight and finger length and finger girth was observed in with the maximum pruning of the six hand bunch followed by the seven hand bunch to the control of no pruning. Thus it is inferred that the ten hand system was best for domestic market and the nine hand for export. All forms of regulation of carbon partitioning is observed in both the clones which explains the reasons as to why both the clones are productive even under the shaded home garden conditions.
Developmental physiology of banana corm (musa AAB nendran) in relation to phenology, yield and quality.
(Department of Pomology and Floriculture,College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Binu John Sam; Sajan Kurien
Effect of pruning on growth, quantity and quality of produce in pepper (Piper nigrum. L)
(Department of Horticulture (Plantation Crops & Spices) College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1982) Sajan Kurien; Sivaraman Nair, P C
The present investigations were carried out at the Pepper Research Schema, Vellanikkara during the period December 1980 to February 1982. The objectives were to find out. (1) Whether pruning encourages more lateral growth and thereby an increase in yield. (2) Whether it is necessary to retain large volume of unproductive shoots. Studies were conducted on six year old bearing vines and the following inferences were drawn. The nutrient removal was significantly superior in higher intensity pruning. Pruning of hanging shoots recorded significant difference in mean extension of growth and spread of plants after full growth. There were two growth flushes in May and October- November. The later was relatively smaller. Significant difference was noted in the production of shoots, number of bearing shoots, and number of spikes. In all the above three characters, hanging shoot removal was best. Spike and berry characters were unaffected by pruning.
Effect of variety, spacing and support material on nutrition and yield of blackpepper (Piper Nigrum L.)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1992) Abi Cheeran; Wahid, P A; Kamalam, N V; Sajan Kurien; Lyla Mathew
A field experiment was conducted with two varieties of black pepper to study the influence of spacing and type of support (standard) on nutrition and yield. During a six year period since planting, soil chemical characteristics were not influenced by variety, spacing and type of standard. The variety Karimunda accumulated more K, Ca and Mn in the leaf compared to Panniyur-1. A depressing effect on foliar Ca level was noticed in vines trailed on Garuga pinnata. Closer spacing down to 2 m x 2 m did not affect the vine yield adversely. Three to four-fold increases in yield were obtained by trailing the vines on teak pole instead of on trees. The decrease in yield of the vine trailed on Erythrina indica and Garufa pinnata as compared to that on teak pole (non-living standard) was discussed in the light of probable competitive interactions between the crop vine and support tree as in mixed cropping system.
Flower bud differentiation in banana using tissue culture plants
(Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1994) Biju, S V; Sajan Kurien
Influence of post bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits
(Department of Pomology & Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Sindhu, T S; Sajan Kurien
The experiment entitled " Influence of post-bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits" were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The study was investigated during two seasons from 1997 to 1999 with the objective of increasing the yield and shelf life by bunch management sprays in plants which had been given bunch stalk feeding of urea, primarily by use of a nutrient viz., potassium; secondly by use of nutrient which acts in preserving the integrity of the cell wall viz, calcium and thirdly, a plant growth regulator with known anti senescence properties viz., cytokinin. The study emphasised the overall superiority of three percent K2SO4 sprays applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence. Yield and yield components like the finger characters such as length, grade and FCI were improved by the treatments. A delay in maturity and ripening and an extended shelf life were observed. The quality of treated fruits revealed reduced acidity, increased sugar contents, higher urease activity, lower residual urea and lower levels of nitrite nitrogen. Electrolytic leakage was also less in K treated fruits
Influence of post-bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits
(Department Of Pomology And Floriculture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Sindhu, T S; Sajan Kurien
The experiment entitled " Influence of post - bunching sprays of cytokinin, potassium and calcium on yield and shelf life of banana (Musa AAB Nendran) fruits" were carried out in the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara. The study was investigated during two seasons from 1997 to 1999 with the objective of increasing the yield and shelf life by bunch management sprays in plants which had been given bunch stalk feeding of urea, primarily by use of a nutrient viz., potassium; secondly by use of a nutrient which acts in preserving the integrity of the cell wall viz., calcium and thirdly, a plant growth regulator with known anti- senescence properties viz., cytokinin. The study emphasized the overall superiority ofMpercent.K2S04 sprays applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence. Yield and yield components like the finger characters such as length, grade and FCr were improved by the treatments. A delay in maturity and ripening and an extended shelf life were observed. The quality of treated fruits revealed reduced acidity, increased sugar contents, higher urease activity, lower residual urea and lower levels of nitrite nitrogen. Electrolytic leakage was also less in K treated fruits. Among the cytokinin treatments 50 mg l' of kinetin and 75 mg r' of BA applied at third and fourth week after bunch emergence proved better. Yield and yield parameters i.e., bunch weight and finger characters such as length, grade and FCr were significantly improved by the bunch management practises involving post- bunching sprays of cytokinin. The. kinetin sprays delayed maturity and ripening besides, qualitatively improving the shelf life. Calcium infiltration technique could reduce the percentage reduction in finger weight significantly and qualitatively increase shelf life. Also an increase in quality by way of reduction in acidity and increase in total soluble solids, especially in calcium infiltration treatments was observed. The electrolytic leakage of fruits was found to be less in calcium infiltrated fruits and above all, the effective treatments were more acceptable in terms of taste. The calcium content in the pulp and peel were increased due to infiltration. Analysis of the calcium content in calcium treated fruits revealed that calcium content was more in the peel than in the pulp. Sensory evaluation carried out by a taste panel revealed that consumer acceptability of treated fruits was in no way reduced.
Selection index and activation of seedling growth in mangosteen
(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2002) Mohamed Yosuf, L; Sajan Kurien
Standardisation of propagation techniques in baduvapuli (Citurs pennivessiculata Tan)
(Department Of Pomology And Floriculture, College Of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Sereena, J; Sajan Kurien
Investigations were carried out at the Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara ; Central Nursery, Vellanikkara and ARS, Mannuthy to standardise the propagation techniques in Baduvapuli (Citrus pennivessiculata Tan.) from September 1993 to August 1995. From the study, it was found that cuttings, layering and soft wood grafting can be adopted as reliable and successful propagation methods in Baduvapuli. Though budding is the universal method of propagation in Citrus, it was not successful in Baduvapuli. In cuttings, five noded hard wood cuttings and terminal soft wood leafy cuttings treated with IBA 1900 mg 1-1 was found to be the most successful in respect of percentage sprouting and all other qualitative root characters. The treated cuttings planted from February to October gave good results, with August and September proving the best months. For early rooting of cuttings, 45 days of banding was found to be the most reliable method. Planting the cuttings during February – March showed the highest percentage survival. In layering, hard wood shoots layered with coconut fibre or saw dust during March to October revealed the best results regarding rooting efficiency and qualitative aspects of rooting. Early and higher rooting percentage was obtained with shoots which were banded for 45 days. The survival of layers were high when planted during the rainy months of June, July and September. Soft wood grafting (higher to not reported in case of Citrus) was very successful in Baduvapuli with Rangpur lime, Rough lemon, Malta and Acid lime as root stocks. Rangpur lime was found to be the best root stock for Baduvapuli. For grafting, the scion should be prepared with leaves. The most successful month for grafting was May – June. The root initials were found to be originating from pericycle in cuttings. The different anatomical stages of rooting were clearly identified in cuttings. Biochemical analysis of the cuttings revealed that the amino acids, proteins, nitrogen, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and starch content increased during initiation of roots and priniordia formation but decreased during root emergence.
Standardization of macropropagation technique in banana (musa (aab) 'nendran') Amal Premachandran.
(Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2018) Amal Premachandran; Sajan Kurien
Sucker production and activation techniques in banana ( Musa spp. )
(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture,Vellanikkara, 2016) Bhende Siddhesh Shamrao; Sajan Kurien
Variability studies in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
(Department of Pomology and Floriculture, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Sameer Muhamed; Sajan Kurien