Browsing by Author "Sajitha Rani, T"

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Agro Techniques in Bhindi for precision farming
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Ammu Punnoose; Sajitha Rani, T
Crop weather modelling in rice (oryza sativa.L.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2002) Sajitha Rani, T; Raghavan Pillai, G
Rice is intimately involved in the culture as well as in the food ways and economy of Indians especially Keralites. The demand of rice is expected to increase by 70 per cent over the next 30 years, primarily due to rapid population growth and by 20 1 O. the rice production has to be increased from the current level on. 7lakh tonnes to 21 lakh tonnes. To achieve this objective, the strategy should be to increase the total production. This can be accomplished by increasing the acreage under rice and by enhancing the productivity per unit area. Climate plays an important role in rice production. Rice is vulnerable to change in weather' and its cultivation continues to be a risky enterprise under unfavourable environment, despite advances made in rice production technologies. Within any season, long days and humid conditions with adequate rains or water supply help towards satisfactory vegetative growth of the rice plant while bright weather and short days with a diminishing supply of water favour the flowering phase, Cloudiness which leads to low light, extreme temperatures, variation in rainfall, and high relative humidity affect growth, yield attributes and productivity. To some extend rice has genetic potentiality to tolerate the adverse weather conditions and hence an appropriate cultivar may enable the farmer to avoid or lessen the problems from climatic stresses. Two field experiments were conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1998' -1999 and at RARS, Pattambi during 1999-2000 to assess the performance offour high yielding rice varieties namely Kanchana, Jyothi, Matta T riveni, Kairali and one local variety Ptb-10 in three dates of planting in each season viz.,. 1 sI, l S" and 30th of June ,October and January, to find out the best varieties and best dates of planting in each season. It was also aimed to develop the best fitting crop weather model using step wise regression. In all seasons at both locations earlier dates of transplanting resulted in higher TDMP. more number of days to reach 50 per cent flowering and physiological maturity. higher grain yield and straw yield and higher harvest index. The nutrient uptake was also higher for earlier transplanting. The earlier transplanting also escaped from the severity of pests and diseases. Kanchana, Kairali and Jyothi registered similar values for number of days taken to 50 per cent flowering, physiological maturity and number of filled grains per panicle during all seasons at Vellayani. In all se~ons the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by straw and grain were lower for local variety. Kanchana consistently out yielded other varieties followed by Kairali and the local variety Ptb-l 0 registered the lowest grain yield. At Pattambi also during all seasons number of days taken to 50 per cent flowering and physiological maturity were similar for Kanchana, Kairali and Jyothi. In all seasons the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by straw and grain were lower for local variety. Highest grain yield was registered by Kanchana followed by Kairali in all seasons except third season where it was on par with Kairali. The lowest grain yield was registered by local variety. At both locations, all the high yielding varieties registered lower rice bug attack than local variety. Kairali and Kanchana were found resistant to sheath blight and gall midge At both locations similar trend in growth and yield attributes, nutrient uptake and pest' and disease incidence were observed in all the seasons. Result of this investigation revealed that early transplanting of rice and cultivation of high yielding varieties Kanchana would increase the productivity per unit area. Yield prediction equation with weather variables will act as a tool for improving the productivity of rice. Grain yield data for a period of twenty five years (1960-1985) from a permanent manurial experiment at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi was subjected to con-elation " analysis to develop the best fitting crop weather model using step wise regression. In virippu season 72 per cent of the variation in yield was attributed to climatological parameters viz., evaporation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, number of rainy days, evening relative humidity and sunshine hours. In mundakan season 46 per cent of variation in yield was accounted for the climatological parameters viz., evaporation, maximum temperature and sunshine hours
Effect of different types of fertilizers as influenced by adjuvants on fue and yield of upland rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Sheeba, S S; Sajitha Rani, T
Efficacy of vermicompost,vermiwash and amf on quality seed production of bhindi
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Nishana, H; Sajitha Rani, T
An experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during June to September of 2004 to evaluate the efficacy of vermicompost, vermiwash and AMF on quality seed production in bhindi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two replications. The main treatments were aquatic weed vermicompost, banana pseudostem vermicompost and farmyard manure along with vermiwash through soil application, foliar application, soil + foliar application and control treatment as water spray. The subplot treatments consisted of AMF application and without AMF application. Taller plants were observed in banana pseudostem vermicompost and aquatic weed vermicompost treated plots. Significantly higher number of leaves with high leaf area index and dry matter production was noticed in aquatic weed vermicompost compared to other organic manures. Days for 50 per cent flowering was found maximum for farmyard manure. Aquatic weed vermicompost also showed better root characteristics along with yield attributes such as number of flowers plant-1, number of fruits plant-1, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield ha-1, number of seeds fruit-1 & seed yield ha–1 with better seed quality parameters like seed viability, seeding vigour and germination percentage. Among the modes of vermiwash application, soil + foliar application of vermiwash was found better in showing superior trends in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, dry matter production, number of flowers and fruits plant-1, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield and seed yield ha–1 with better seed quality i.e., seedling vigour and germination percentage. AMF application also showed maximum plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, root length, root - shoot ratio, fruit yield plant-1, total fruit yield, weight of seeds fruit-1 and seed yield ha–1. Higher BC ratio was found in aquatic weed vermicompost, soil + foliar application of vermiwash and in AMF. So aquatic weed vermicompost along with soil + foliar application of vermiwash and AMF is ideal for quality seed production in bhindi.
High density planning and use of nutrient stick for enhanced productivity in tissue culture (TC) banana (Musa AAB) cv. nendran
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agricullture, Padannakkad, 2025) Sajith Sajeev.; Sajitha Rani, T
An investigation entitled “High density planting and use of nutrient stick for enhanced productivity in Tissue Culture (TC) banana (Musa AAB) cv. Nendran” was carried out at Instructional farm II, Nileshwar during 2023 to 2024 to analyse the productivity of TC Nendran banana supplemented with nutrient stick under high density planting. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The experiment had two main factors (i) planting density D1: One sucker per hill (2m x 2m), D2: Two suckers per hill (2m x 3m), D3: Three suckers per hill (2m x 3m) and (ii) fertilizer schedule, F1: KAU POP, F2: KAU POP + 10 nutrient sticks per hill each at 2 MAP and 4 MAP, F3: KAU POP + 10 nutrient sticks per hill each at 2 MAP, 4 MAP and 6 MAP. Results of the field experiment showed significant changes in the growth attributes, yield attributes, leaf nutrient content, fruit quality and chemical properties of soil. Pseudostem height was highest for D1 in initial stages but at harvest D3 produced maximum height while in case of pseudostem girth, D1 had the highest value till harvest. Number of functional leaves, total leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth was highest for D1 and corresponding LAI was the highest in D3. D3 recorded maximum crop duration and more days to bunch emergence while it took minimum days to ripening. D3 produced maximum number of suckers per pit while D1 produced maximum number of suckers per plant. Yield attributes like bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per hand, average weight of fingers, finger length, finger breadth was the highest for D1 but bunch weight per pit and yield per hectare were the highest for D3. Fertilizer schedule and their interaction with planting density did not produce any significant influence on growth and yield attributes Soil analysis reported that EC was the highest for D3 and F3 and also for their interaction d3f3, which was on par with d3f1 and d3f2. Organic carbon, Ca, Mg and B were the highest in D1 while available N, P and K were significantly higher for D3. Leaf nutrient analysis showed significantly higher concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and boron in D1. Fruit analysis revealed that TSS, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugars and shelf life were significantly higher for D1 while titrable acidity was the highest for D3. Nutrient uptake of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and boron were significantly higher for D3. The highest gross income, net income and benefit cost ratio were obtained from D3. Net income and benefit cost ratio were the highest for F1 The present investigation revealed that high density planting of Tissue Culture banana @ three suckers per hill (2m x 3m) is beneficial for getting higher yield and maximum economic return.
Hydrophonic production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2025-05-26) Anusree, G; Sajitha Rani, T
The experiment entitled “Hydroponic production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2021-2023 to evaluate hydroponic systems for tomato cultivation, standardize nutrient solutions and examine the effects of magnetized solution on growth and yield of tomato. The field experiments were conducted in two parts. The first experiment was framed to identify the best method of hydroponics for tomato during February-June 2022. It was laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1: Nutrient film technique (NFT), T2: Deep flow technique (DFT), T3: Ebb and flow system, T4: Deep water culture (DWC), T5: Drip system, T6: Wick system and T7: Control (soil cultivation). The growth parameters, viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, number of branches per plant, stem girth and dry matter production (DMP) were significantly influenced by methods of hydroponics. Among the treatments, T7 produced taller plants at the harvest stage, which was on par with T3. However, the number of leaves and stem girth were found to be significantly higher in T3 during the harvest stage. Similarly, at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), T3 recorded higher leaf area and chlorophyll content. At the harvest stage, the number of branches and DMP were the highest in T3. Earliness in flowering was observed in T3, which was on par with T6, while the first fruit development and first harvest were recorded in T3. During 40-60 DAT, T3 resulted in the highest crop growth rate (CGR) which was on par with T1, and during 20-40 DAT, T3 resulted in the highest relative growth rate (RGR) which was on par with T6, respectively. Longer fruits were produced in T3, which was on par with T6 and T4. Whereas, the higher fruit diameter recorded from T3 was on par with T6 and T5. Similarly, T3 recorded higher average fruit weight with 45 per cent increment in total fruit number compared to the soil cultivation. The highest fruit yield per plant was also observed in T3 (2.10 kg), while T7 (0.99 kg), recorded the lowest fruit yield per plant. Significantly higher quality attributes including total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid contentwere noticed in T3, which was on par with T6. Among the root parameters, greater root length was observed in T6, which was on par with T3, which also recorded higher root volume and root weight. The N, P and K uptake was also found to be the highest in T3, which was significantly the lowest in T7. Also, the treatment T3 recorded comparatively higher net income (₹ 7761 per 40 m2) and B:C ratio (1.53). The second experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of nutrient solutions and magnetic effect on growth and yield of tomato during two seasons of 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in CRD with two factors. Treatments were comprised of two states of nutrient solutions, viz., normal (I1) and magnetized with 2000 G (I2), and five different nutrient solutions, viz., Hoagland solution (S1), Cooper’s solution (S2), Benoit’s solution (S3), solution from Agcaoili (2019) (S4) and solution from Jaenaksorn and Ikeda (2004) (S5), with three replications. Magnetization of nutrient solution had a significant influence on growth parameters. Taller plants were observed in I2 with higher number of leaves and branches with the greatest leaf area, DMP and stem girth during the harvest stage of both the seasons. Among different nutrient solutions, S3 recorded taller plants with a higher number of leaves and leaf area during both the seasons. At 60 DAT, the higher leaf area produced by S3 was on par with S2 during both seasons. Similarly, the number of branches and DMP were higher in S3, which produced a comparable number of branches with S2 during the harvest stage of both seasons. Higher stem girth produced in S3 was on par with the remaining treatments except for S4 during both seasons. Earlier flowering, fruiting and harvesting were recorded in I2, and the same were significantly delayed in I1. Among different nutrient solutions, S3 had significantly earlier production of flowers, which was on par with S2 and S1 during both seasons. However, the flower development was significantly influenced by the treatments only during the first season, and S3 had earlier fruit development, which was on par with all other treatments except S4. During both seasons, the first harvest was recorded in S3 which was on par with S2. LAI was found to be highest in I2 at the harvest stage of both seasons. Plants in S3 recorded higher LAI, which was on par with S2 during both seasons. At 60 DAT, during both seasons, I2 recorded more chlorophyll content than I1. And, during both seasons, S3 had higher chlorophyll content, which was on par with S2 only in the first season. During both seasons, I2 resulted in the highest CGR and RGR at 40-60 DAT and 20-40 DAT, respectively. Among the nutrient solutions, S3 resulted in higher CGR and RGR, during both seasons, and was on par with S2 with respect to only CGR. During both seasons, greater number of fruits, fruit weight and yield were recorded from I2. Also, among different nutrient solutions, S3 produced higher number of fruits which was on par with S2 and S1 during the first season. The highest fruit weight was obtained from S3, and also the higher yield recorded from S3 was on par with S2 during both seasons. TSS and ascorbic acid content also varied significantly during both seasons, with I2 recording a significantly higher value. Among nutrient solutions, S3 had more TSS and ascorbic acid compared to other treatments. Root parameters and nutrient uptake were also significantly influenced by the magnetized treatment during both seasons. With respect to the nutrient solutions tested, S3 recorded significantly higher root length and root volume, which was on par with S1 and S5 during both seasons. However, the plants in S3 recorded higher root weight, which was comparable with the remaining treatments except for S4 in the first season. During both seasons, N, P and K uptake was found to be the highest in S3, while the lower value was recorded in S4. The treatment combination of Benoit’s solution with magnetic effect (i2s3) consistently demonstrated superior performance, including increased plant height at 20 DAT in the first season, a greater number of leaves at 60 DAT, and a higher number of branches at both 60 DAT in the second season and at harvest in the first season. Additionally, i2s3 induced earlier flowering in the first season and led to earlier harvests in both seasons. This treatment also resulted in higher fruit weight across both seasons, comparable to i2s2 in the first season, and achieved greater fruit diameter during the first season. Nutrient uptake of N, P and K was maximized under i2s3 in both seasons. However, application of Cooper’s solution with magnetic effect (i2s2) yielded higher net income and a B:C ratio across both seasons (1.49 and 1.74 respectively). From the results of the study, it could be concluded that among various hydroponic methods, the ebb and flow system proved most effective for tomato cultivation. Utilizing Benoit's nutrient solution, comprising KNO₃, Ca(NO₃)₂•4H₂O, KH₂PO₄, MgSO₄•7H₂O, MnSO₄•7H₂O, H₃BO₃, ZnSO₄•7H₂O, CuSO₄•7H₂O, Na₂MoO₄, and Fe-EDDHA, significantly improved the growth and yield characteristics of tomato. The application of a magnetic field (2000 G) further enhanced the growth and yield of tomato in the hydroponic system.
Irrigation scheduling and water stress mitigation strategies in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2021) Gritta Elizabeth Jolly; Sajitha Rani, T
The study entitled “Irrigation scheduling and water stress mitigation strategies in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out as two field experiments at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani from 2017 to 2020 to identify a suitable variety and irrigation method for upland rice, to standardize irrigation scheduling and to assess the effect of moisture stress mitigation strategies on the growth, yield and economics of upland rice. Experiment I entitled “Identification of suitable variety and standardization of irrigation method” was conducted from January 2019 to May 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with five main plot treatments and two sub plot treatments, in four replications. The treatments included sprinkler irrigation at 100% PE, sprinkler irrigation at 75% PE, drip irrigation at 100% PE, drip irrigation at 75% PE and hose irrigation (farmer’s practice-irrigation given thrice in a week) as main plot treatments and rice varieties Uma and Prathyasa as sub-plot treatments. The height of the plant, number of tillers m -2 , leaf area index and dry matter production were observed to be significantly the highest for the variety Prathyasa irrigated using sprinkler irrigation at 100% PE and hose irrigation was significantly inferior to all other methods of irrigation. The variety Prathyasa irrigated using sprinkler irrigation at 100% PE also recorded the highest number of panicles m -2 (226.00), number of grains per panicle (159.75) and grain yield (4.37 Mg ha -1 ). The highest RLWC and consumptive use (434.25 mm) by the crop was observed in the variety Uma irrigated using sprinkler at 100% PE, followed by drip irrigated plots at 100% PE. The highest crop water use efficiency (1.53 kg m -3 ) was observed in the variety Prathyasa irrigated using hose method and the highest field water use efficiency (0.95 kg m -3 ) was observed in the variety Prathyasa irrigated using sprinkler at 100% PE. 282The economics of cultivation in terms of net returns ( ₹ 1,32,465.50 ha -1 ) and B:C ratio (2.67) were observed to be the highest in the variety Prathyasa irrigated using sprinkler irrigation plots at 100% PE, followed by the variety Prathyasa irrigated using drip irrigation at 100% PE. Field experiment II entitled “Standardization of irrigation scheduling and moisture stress mitigation strategies for upland rice” was conducted during January 2020 to April 2020. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four main plot treatments and five sub plot treatments in five replications (the best treatment from the experiment I - sprinkler method of irrigation at 100% PE and the variety Prathyasa were used for the experiment II). The main plot treatments included approaches of scheduling irrigation: IW/CPE of 0.8, critical growth stage approach, irrigation to maintain soil moisture at 100% FC and irrigation to maintain soil moisture at 75% FC. The sub-plot treatments included field application of hydrogel polymer (20 kg ha -1 ), seed treatment with hydrogel polymer (10 g kg -1 ), hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @10g kg -1 ), foliar application of PPFM (1%) and absolute control. The plant height, number of tillers m -2 , leaf area index and dry matter production were observed to be significantly higher in the plots irrigated at 100% FC, treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @10 g kg -1 ), which was followed by the plots irrigated to maintain 2 cm depth of water at critical stages of crop growth. The number of days for 50% flowering, the number of panicles m -2 (233.20), length of panicle (20.36 cm), weight of panicle (3.07 g), number of grains panicle -1 (169.20), grain yield (5.00 Mg ha -1 ) and straw yield (8.07 Mg ha -1 ) were the highest in the plots irrigated at 100% FC and treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @10g kg -1 . . The consumptive use by the crop was significantly the highest in the plots irrigated at 100% FC (1265.60 mm) and treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @ 10g kg -1 ).The crop water use efficiency recorded the highest value (0.69 kg m -3 ) in the plots irrigated at IW/CPE 283of 0.8 and treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @ 10g kg -1 ) and a significantly higher field water use efficiency (0.58) was recorded in the plots irrigated at IW/CPE of 0.8 and treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @ 10g kg -1 ) The highest B: C ratio (2.92) and net returns ( ₹ 1,58,000.00 ha -1 ) were obtained from the plots irrigated at 100% FC and treated with hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5 kg ha -1 + seed treatment @ 10g kg -1 . The results of the study revealed suitability of the variety Prathyasa, irrigated using sprinkler irrigation at 100% PE for higher yield and monetary returns under upland conditions. It also reflected the suitability of irrigating upland rice at 100 % FC as an effective approach of scheduling irrigation, along with the application of hydrogel polymer (field application @ 2.5kg ha -1 + seed treatment @ 10 g kg -1 ) as the most suitable moisture stress mitigation strategy for upland rice cultivation for enhanced yield and economic returns under water stress conditions.
Magnetized irrigation water for enhancing production of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2022-11-05) Vijayakumar, Pullagura; Sajitha Rani, T
The investigation entitled “Magnetized irrigation water for enhancing production of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was carried out as two experiments at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2018-2021, to study the effect of magnetization on quality of irrigation water, to assess the impact of magnetized water on growth, yield and quality of brinjal, to evaluate the effect of magnetized irrigation water on soil properties and to work out the economics. The present investigation revealed that employing magnetic strength of 2000G was effective for getting good quality irrigation water, and scheduling of irrigation with this water at IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 along with 75 per cent RDF could be recommended for obtaining higher growth, yield and monetary returns from both plant and ratoon crop of brinjal.
Micro irrigation and mulching for yield optimization of bhindi in rain shelter
(Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture ,vellayani, 2021-12-21) Merin Jose.; Sajitha Rani, T
The experiment entitled “Micro irrigation and mulching for yield optimization of bhindi in rain shelter” was conducted at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, during the period 2019-2021, with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of micro irrigation and mulching on the growth and yield of bhindi in rain shelter. The field experiment was conducted using the variety Varsha Uphar, during February to May, 2021. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five main plot treatments (i1: Surface drip irrigation, i2: Rain hose irrigation, i3: Sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm, i4: Sub surface drip irrigation at 15 cm, i5: Sub surface drip irrigation at 20 cm) and two sub plot treatments (m1: No mulch, m2: Organic mulch). Dry banana leaves available in the area was used as organic mulch @ 10 t ha-1 and were laid as per the treatment. Results of the experiment revealed that types of irrigation and mulching had significant influence on growth characters, yield attributes, water productivity and water use efficiency of okra. Plant height at 30, 60, 90 days after transplanting, and at harvest were higher in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth. The number of branches at final harvest (4.00) and root shoot ratio (0.21) were observed to be the highest in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth. Types of irrigation and mulching had no significant influence on leaf area index at 50 per cent flowering stage. Dry matter production (5273 kg ha-1 ) was higher in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth, which was on par with sub surface drip irrigation at 15 cm depth and that at 20 cm depth. Considering the interaction, higher dry matter production was recorded by sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth (i3) with organic mulch (m2) (5328 kg ha-1 ) and was on par with i3m1 and i4m2. Between organic mulch and no mulch, organic mulching recorded significantly higher growth attributes than without mulch. The highest root depth was recorded in sub surface drip irrigation at 20 cm depth (40.1 cm), whereas, higher root volume (35.26 cm3 ) was recorded by sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth and was comparable with sub surface drip irrigation at 15 cm depth (30.72 cm3 ). Organic mulching resulted in significantly higher root depth and root volume than no mulch treatment. Yield attributes like number of fruits plant per plant (28), length of fruit (15.53 cm), fruit yield per plant (411.19 g), and total fruit yield m-2 (2.29 kg) were found to be higher in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth. Organic mulching resulted in higher yield attributes compared to no mulch. Considering the interaction, sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth (i3) along with organic mulching (m2) was found to be superior compared to all other treatment combinations with respect to fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield m-2 . The higher uptake of N (61.06 kg ha-1 ), P (19.55 kg ha-1 ) and K (19.55 kg ha-1 ) were observed in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth. Organic mulching recorded higher NPK uptake. Available NPK after the experiment were not influenced by the types of irrigation. Organic mulching recorded higher N (233.66 kg ha-1 ) and P (45.32 kg ha-1 ) content than the no mulch treatment. The highest water productivity (4.49 kg m-3 ) was recorded by sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth. Water use efficiency (6.48 kg m-3 ) was higher in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth and remained statistically on par with sub surface drip irrigation at 15 cm depth (6.11 kg m-3 ). Organic mulching recorded significantly higher water productivity and water use efficiency compared to no mulch. Among the interactions, sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth along with organic mulching was found to be superior in terms of water productivity and water use efficiency compared to the other treatment combinations. The economics of cultivation in terms of net returns (₹ 5.31 lakhs ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (2.39) were observed to be the highest in sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm depth, which was on par with sub surface drip irrigation at 15 cm depth. Organic mulching recorded significantly higher net returns and B: C ratio compared to no mulch. Considering the interactions, higher net returns (₹ 5.47 lakhs ha-1 ) and B: C ratio (2.43), was recorded by sub surface drip irrigation at 10 cm with organic mulch. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that sub surface drip irrigation at a depth of 10 cm combined with organic mulch (dry banana leaves) @ 10 t ha-1 can be recommended for bhindi cultivation for obtaining higher yield, water use efficiency and economics.
Mulching and micro irrigation practices for yield optimization of chilli in rain shelter
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Shilpa, E N; Sajitha Rani, T
Production package of palisade grass (brachiaria brizantha (Hochst.ex a. Rich.) stapf.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Sharu, S R; Sajitha Rani, T
Production protocol for organic bhindi
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2010) Gayathri Karthikeyan, P; Sajitha Rani, T
Production technology for organic watermalon
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Sheeba, B S; Sajitha Rani, T
Production technology of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) under protected cultivation
(Department of agronomy, College of agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Pintu Roy Vattakunnel; Sajitha Rani, T
The field experiment entitled “Production technology of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under protected cultivation” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during March 2013 to September 2013 to study the performance of chilli varieties and the effect of fertigation on productivity of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under protected cultivation. The main plot treatments were a combination of growing conditions (poly house and open field) and fertigation (with fertigation and without fertigation) and the subplot treatments consisted of three varieties (Vellayani Athulya, Anugraha and Jwalamukhi). The study revealed that plants grown under poly house situation recorded significantly higher fruit length (11.77cm), number of fruits plant-1 (110.67), fruit yield plant-1 (604.08 g) and total fruit yield (29.54 t ha-1). Plants grown with fertigation registered higher number of fruits plant-1 (113.49), length of fruit (11.55 cm), fruit yield plant-1 (591.92 g) and total fruit yield (26.27 t ha-1). Maximum length of fruits (12.82 cm), fruit yield plant-1 (665.18 g) and total fruit yield (28.41 t ha-1) were obtained from Vellayani Athulya while, highest number of fruits plant-1 (154.21) was from Anugraha. Maximum length of fruits was observed in Vellayani Athulya grown under both poly house (12.91 cm) and open field situation (12.72 cm). Vellayani Athulya grown with fertigation also recorded maximum fruit length (13.67 cm). Vellayani Athulya recorded maximum shelf life (10.19 days) and ascorbic acid content (98.71 mg 100 g-1) where as maximum capsaicin content (1.38 per cent) was recorded by Jwalamukhi. Vellayani Athulya grown under poly house registered maximum shelf life (10.88 days) and ascorbic acid content (102.78 mg 100 g-1). Vellayani Athulya with fertigation recorded maximum ascorbic acid content (101.69 mg 100 g-1) while, Jwalamukhi grown with fertigation recorded maximum capsaicin content (1.40 per cent). Vellayani Athulya grown under poly house with fertigation recorded higher shelf life (12.00 days). Vellayani Athulya grown under poly house with fertigation recorded maximum ascorbic acid (108.74 mg 100 g-1). Maximum capsaicin was also recorded by Jwalamukhi grown under poly house with fertigation (1.43 per cent). Among growing conditions, maximum net return (Rs 5.22 lakhs ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.42) was obtained from poly house. On comparing with and without fertigation treatments, with fertigation treatments recorded maximum net return of Rs 4.46 lakhs ha-1 and among varieties, Vellayani Athulya (V1) recorded maximum net return of Rs 4.95 lakhs ha-1 and B: C ratio of 2.30.
Standardisation of fertigation schedule and spacing for bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.var.grossum sendt) in polyhouse
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Athira, R C; Sajitha Rani, T
Standardization of organic nutrient schedule for chilli (Capsicum annuam)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Akshay; Sajitha Rani, T
Yield and yield attributing characters and economics of (Abelmoschus Esculentus Mill) as influenced by nutrients
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996) Sajitha Rani, T; Pushpakumary, R