Browsing by Author "Saradamma, K"

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Biological activity of different plant extracts with particular reference to their insecticidal,hormonal and antifee ding actions
(Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Saradamma, K; Mohan Das, N
Chemical 'control of the red spider mite, Tetranychus telarius L. (Tetranychidae)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1972) Saradamma, K; Dale, D; Das, N M
Clovia bipunctata kirby (cercopidae : hemiptera) as a pest of lemongrass
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Saradamma, K; Dale, D
Control of brinjal pests using diflubenzuron in combination with insecticides
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1989) Revi, D; Saradamma, K
The joint action of diflubenzuron in combination with deltamethrin and carbaryl was assessed against pests of brinjal using laboratory trials, pot culture experiments and micro plot trials in the field. Standard bioassay technique was adopted in the laboratory studies using grubs of H. vigintioctopunctata and nymphs of A. gossypii as test insects. Based on these LC50, LC25, LC10 values were computed using the dose mortality regression equations. The joint action of diflubenzuron and deltamethrin/carbaryl, mixed in the above doses, was assessed using H. vigintioctopunctata as test insect and expressed in terms of co-toxicity factor (Mansour et al., 1966). A pot culture experiment was conducted for studying the effect of simultaneous and sequential applications of chitin synthesis inhibitor and insecticides against grubs of H.vigintioctopunctata. A microplottrial was conducted in the field for assessing the efficacy of two effective combinations of IGR and insecticides for the control of the pests of brinjal. Laboratory studies showed antagonistic, additive and potentiating effects in the combinations of diflubenzuron with deltamethrin/carbaryl. Potentiation effect was obtained in combincations of diflubenzuron and deltamethrin at ratios 1:0.15, 1:0.58 and 1:1.98 with the mortality percentages of 100, 93.33 and 83.33 respectively. In case of diflubenzuron with carbaryl the ratio 1:0.36 produced maximum potentiation with a mortality per cent of 83.30. The applications of diflubenzuron and deltamethrin with a higher proportion of the insecticide and the application of diflubenzuron and carbaryl with a higher ratio of diflubenzuron were more effective (100 and 73.33 per cent mortality respectively) in the pot culture experiment against H. vigintioctopunctata. As there was no significant difference between simultaneous and sequential applications of diflubenzuron and deltamethrin, simultaneous applications of the toxicants was selected for field evaluation. The simultaneous application of both the combinations were evaluated in microplots in the field against pests of brinjal. The combinations were superior to carbaryl 1500 ppm (standard) against grubs of epilachna beetle and larvae of fruit and shoot borer. Against sucking insects the cobninations were inferior to the standard except for the lacewing bug for which significant control was obtained. The combinations significantly reduced the population of S. docilis from 14 th day after spraying and it was on par with carbaryl. The combinations provided prolonged control for the grubs of H. vigintioctopunctata, U. hystricellus, L. orbonalis and S. docilis when compared with the extent of control obtained with carbaryl.
Effects of extracts of Clerodendron infortunatum on the epilachna beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata F. with relation to safety of its natural enemies
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1995) Lily, B; Saradamma, K
Flower, leaf, root and stem extracts of clerodendron infortunatum were screened for their antifeedant activity against grubs of Henospilachna vigintictopunctata using water, acetone, benzene, ethnol and petroleum other as extractants. Based on mean leaf protection and larval starvation of different plant parts, leaf and flower portions were found to be more effective than root and stem. Among the solvents, acetone and benzene gave higher leaf protection. High larval starvation was caused by acetone followed by water, benzene, ethanol and petroleum ether. Fresh plant parts were found to be more effective than shade and sun dried material. Shade and sun dried leaves and flowers showed high activity in water extract. The least reduction in antifeedant activity under shade and sun drying was observed in leaf. Different parts of C.infortunatum did not cause significant insecticidal action against H.vigintioctopunctata. Regarding growth inhibitory activity, flower and leaf were found to be more effective when they were used as fresh materials. Shade, and sun dried leaves were found significantly superior to all other plant parts in producing less number of normal adults. When the different part of C. infortunatum were ranked on the bases of the percentage of normal adult emergence, acetone and benzene topped. The least reduction in hormonal activity of the extracts of different plant parts dried under shade and in sun was observed in the case of stem, followed by root, leaf and flower. Water was found to be the most effective solvent for extracting dried plant parts. The sterility percentages observed in different treatments were found to be very low. In the bioassay of the C.infortunatum extracts using freshly laid eggs of H.vigintioctopunctata, it was observed that the hatchability of eggs was reduced significantly by different treatments, compared to control. The mortality observed on the parasite C. johnsoni when treated with water and acetone extracts of leaf and flower was very low. Water extracts were safer than acetone extracts of leaf and flower. The treatments did not affect the extent of parasitization and the progeny emerging from the parasitized treated grubs. In the field experiment, acetone and water extracts of leaf mixed with teepol reduced the population of H. vigintioctopunctata on bittergourd significantly. These treatments were on par with the insecticide check carbaryl 0.15 per cent. The clerodendron extracts did not affect the predator population in the treated plots, whereas it was totally absent in carbary1-treated plot. The results of the present investigation clearly indicate the safety of clerodendron extracts to the non-target organisms and the possibility of utilizing crude extracts of C.infortunatum as a potential pesticide for ecologically and economically sound insect pest management.
Evaluation of the toxicity of some pesticides to the red mite on coconut, Raoiella indica (Hirst.) (Phytoptipalpidae)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1972) Saradamma, K
Laboratory evaluation of three antifeedants against the grubs of Epilachna vigintioctopunctata
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1973) Dale, D; Saradamma, K
Management of coconut eriophyid mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer using ecofriendly methods
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Amritha, V S; Saradamma, K
Experiments were conducted in the Department of Agricultural Entomology and in the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2000-2001, to generate eco-friendly components in developing a sustainable long term strategy of pest management against coconut eriophyid mite. The treatments included the laboratory screerung of various oils, botanicals and synthetic acaricides. The promising treatments and innovative farmer practices were evaluated in a field experiment. The results of laboratory screening revealed that Neem oil three per cent followed by Neemazal 0.4 per cent and castor oil three per cent were promising among the botanicals while fenazaquin 0.05 per cent followed by sulphur W.P 0.4 per cent were found to be effective among the synthetic acaricides. The field evaluation using promising natural products and synthetic acaricides, showed that fenazaquin 0.05 per cent was effective followed by sulphur W.P 0.4 per cent. Maximum protection was observed after the third round of spraying. Sprays applied at the critical stage of infestation afforded maximum protection to the bunches. Results of the field evaluation experiment using natural products and innovative farmer practices revealed that starch solution five per cent was the most effective among the various treatments.
Monitoring and management of the pest complex of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Nandakumar, C; Saradamma, K
Surveys were conducted in 1995-96 among one hundred bitter gourd farmers in Thiruvananthapuram district. Information on the personal and socio- economic characteristics of the farmers was gathered. Field visits indicated that among the pests at flowering, the jassid, H.phycitis and leaf feeder, D. indica were important. At early harvest, the jassid and fruitfly B. cucurbitae were the major pests. Among the natural enemies observed, the potential ones were Cjohnsoni (parasite on Hseptima), I.scutellare, Msexmaculatus and Snubilis . (predators on A.gossypii). Mosaic was severe in 12 per cent of the plots. Sixty two per cent of the farmers used a combination of mechanical, cultural and chemical measures against pests. Most common pesticides used belonged to the organophosphate group. Farmers in general adopted injudicious methods of chemical control. Seventy per cent farmers relied on mass media and interpersonal cosmopolites for information on plant protection. The most important constraint perceived by farmers was the high cost of inputs viz., plant protection chemicals, manures and fertilizers. Monitoring of fruit fly incidence using Biosense stikatrap (lure) indicated the maximum catch at eleven weeks after sowing. Ten carbofuran smeared banana fruit traps (in yellow coloured coconut shell) were found to be more efficient than one Biosense trap in trapping the fruit fly. 2 Studies on seasonal incidence of the pests and their natural enemies from 1995 to 1996 indicated that they were more from November '95 to April '96. In studies on the assessment of potential natural enemies of pests, the biology and efficacy of Cjohnsoni against epilachna beetle was observed. Among the predators viz., Iscutellare, Msexmaculatus and S.nubilis whose biology and feeding potential was studied, Msexmaculatus was observed as the most efficient predator of aphids. In another set of experiments, the effects of botanicals and chemical pesticides on pests and their natural enemies were studied. The antifeedant effect of botanicals on third instar Hseptima grubs indicated that neem seed oil (three per cent) and nimbecidine (0.40 per cent) were effective. Estimation of the comparative effect of chemical pesticides against the fourth instar Hseptima grubs showed that carbaryl and dimethoate were more effective than quinalphos and malathion. Toxicity studies of botanicals and chemical pesticides to Msexmaculatus grubs and Cjohnsoni adults as well as parasite emergence from treated larval! pupal Hseptima hosts indicated that botanicals were safe whereas, the chemicals were toxic to the natural enemies. Based on the above experiments, the botanicals viz., neem seed oil three per cent, nimbecidine 0.40 per cent and the chemical pesticides,carbaryl 0.15 per cent and dimethoate 0.05 per cent were selected for the pest management trial in bitter gourd. The reaction of five bitter gourd varieties viz., Priya, Arka Harit, Preethi, Priyanka and local to pests was tested in a field trial. Based on pest infestation and yield, Preethi was selected for the pest management trial. 3 The pest management trial was conducted for two seasons (January to April, 1996 and 1997). The results indicated that combination of botanical with chemical pesticide was the best in pest control. Based on the results the following recommendations were suggested as part of IPM strategies in bitter gourd. 1. Use variety 'Preethi' (MC-84) for planting 2. Basal drenching of combination of nee m seed oil three per cent soap emulsion with either dimethoate (0.025 per cent) or carbaryl (0.075 per cent) prior to seeding. This is recommended in areas where pests like pumpkin beetles are endemic. 3. Need based application of above till fruit set to control pests. 4. Apply fungicide (Mancozeb) to control foliar disease (downy mildew). 5. Monitor fruit fly incidence using lure trap. Set yellow painted coconut shell trap's containing carbofuran smeared banana (palayankodan) alternated with carbofuran poisoned ocimum I jaggery (2m spacing) at flowering till final harvest. 6. After fruit set, use (need based) a combination of neem seed oil three per cent soap emulsion and dimethoate 0.025 per cent.
On the relative preference of Rattus rattus Linn to different varieties of tapioca
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Saradamma, K; Rajan Asari, P A; Nair, M R G K
On the use of neem seed kernel powder as a protectant for storid paddy
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Saradamma, K; Dale, D; Nair, M R G K
Relative susceptibility of the rice variety 'Rohini' grown under different levels of nitrogen, to the storage pests
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1973) Saradamma, K; Sasidharan Pillai, K; Das, N M
Relative toxicity of insecticides to adults of Microbracon brevicornis (Wesmael) (Braconidae)
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 1968) Saradamma, K; Nair, M R G K
Resistance of tapioca varieties to the red spider mite Tetranychus telarius Linn.
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1974) Saradamma, K; Das, N M