Browsing by Author "Sejian, V"

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Assessing the differences in body weight changes, rumen fermentation profile and metabolic activity between different indigenous breeds of goats subjected to summer heat stress
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Pragna Prathap; Sejian, V
A study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the growth performance and adaptive capabilities of three indigenous goat breeds (Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem Black) to heat stress challenges. The primary objective of the study was to compare the growth performance and adaptive capacity of two indigenous goat breeds (Malabari and Salem Black) when they were shifted from their native tract to a new agro-ecological zone with the local breed (Osmanabadi) during heat stress exposure. The growth performance of these breeds were assessed based on BW changes, allometric measurements, GH level and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression patterns while their adaptive capabilities were assessed based on the changes in their metabolic and rumen fermentation profiles. Thirty six ten months to one year old female goats of Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem Black breeds were randomly divided into six groups, OC (n=6; Osmanabadi control), OHS (n=6; Osmanabadi heat stress), MC (n=6; Malabari control), MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress), SBC (n=6; Salem Black control) and SBHS (n=6; Salem Black heat stress). The study was conducted for a period of 45 days. All group goats had access to ad libitum feed and water throughout the study period. Heat stress group goats were exposed to summer heat stress for six hours from 10:00 h to 16:00 h while control group animals were kept in the shed protected from heat stress. Breed factor significantly (P<0.05) influenced only few growth variables such as BW, BMI, BCS. However, heat stress treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced all growth parameters expect BMI. Further, the heat stress significantly (P<0.01) increased plasma GH concentration in goats with significantly higher (P<0.05) concentration recorded in OHS. Among the stress groups, the lower (P<0.05) PBMC IGF-I mRNA expression was recorded in OHS, while the higher (P<0.05) expression was observed in SBHS. Significantly higher PBMC IGF-1 mRNA expression in Salem black goats revealed the extreme adaptive capability of this breed as compared to other breeds to heat stress conditions. Among the metabolic activity controlling hormones, the breed factor significantly (P<0.05) influenced only plasma tri-iodo-thyronine (T3). However, heat stress significantly (P<0.05) decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in both MHS and SHS groups while significantly (P<0.05) decreased the plasma T3 in MHS. The rumen metabolites such as acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) showed significant (P<0.05) variation for both breed and treatment effect. The Salem Black breed did not show any significant variation for most of the rumen metabolites as compared to both Osmanabadi and Malabari breeds for the heat stress treatment. The results indicated that on comparative basis, Salem Black breed adapted better to the heat stress challenges as evident from the non-significant difference in circulating thyroid hormone levels and for most of the rumen metabolites between the control and heat stress group in this breed. Further, it has been observed that shifting of Malabari goats to the new location did not proved beneficial in terms of improving their growth performance. In addition based on the alterations in rhythmic metabolic activities, Salem Black goat breed exhibited higher adaptive capability to heat stress than the other two breeds. Thus, it can be concluded from the study that Salem Black breed was found to be superior in terms of both maintaining its productive function as well as adapting to the adverse environmental condition by altering its metabolic activities during heat stress exposure.
Climate change and livestock nutrient availability : Impact and Mitigation
(2015) Chaidanya, K; Shaji, S; Abdul Niyas, P.A; Sejian, V; Raghavendra, Bhatta; Bagath, M; Rao, G.S.L.H.V.P; Kurien, E.K; Girish, Varma
Comparative assessment of climate resilient capacity of two indigenous goat breeds based on changes in both phenotypic and genotypic traits
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2020) Reshma Nair, M R; Sejian, V
Comparative assessment of the adaptive capacity of different indigenous breed goats to summer heat stress based on changes in phenotypic traits
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Aleena Joy; Sejian, V
A study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the thermo-tolerant abilities of three indigenous goat breeds (Osmanabadi, Malabari and Salem Black) to heat stress challenges. The primary objective of the study was to compare the adaptive ability of two indigenous goat breeds (Malabari and Salem Black) when they were shifted from their native tract to a new agro-ecological zone with the local breed (Osmanabadi) during heat stress exposure. The adaptive capabilities of these breeds were assessed based on the changes in their behavioral, physiological, blood biochemical and endocrine responses and peripheral blood mononuclear cell heat shock protein 70 (PBMC HSP70) gene expression patterns. Thirty six 10 months to one year old female goats were randomly allocated into six groups of six animals each as OCON (n=6; Osmanabadi control), OHS (n=6; Osmanabadi heat stress), MCON (n=6; Malabari control), MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress), SCON (n=6; Salem Black control) and SHS (n=6; Salem black heat stress). The OCON, MCON and SCON animals were maintained in the shed while OHS, MHS and SHS animals were exposed to summer heat stress between 10:00 h to 16:00 h. All the animals had access to ad-libitum feed and water. The duration of the study was 45 days. Results indicated that among the behavioural variables studied, both drinking frequency (DF) and water intake (WI) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in heat stress groups of all the three breeds as compared to their respective control groups. Further, significantly lower (P<0.05) urinating frequency (UF) and higher (P<0.05) rumination time (RuT) was recorded in MHS as compared to other stress groups. The heat stress treatment significantly (P<0.05) lowered the respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) in the morning while significantly (P<0.01) increased all the physiological variables such as RR, pulse rate (PR) and RT in all the three breeds during afternoon. Further, the results indicated that only breed differences (P<0.01) were established for different biochemical variables in the study while the heat stress did not alter these parameters. However, heat stress significantly (P<0.05) increased the plasma cholesterol in MHS group while significantly lowered (P<0.05) plasma triglyceride in both OHS and SHS groups. Further, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significant variation for both breed (P<0.05) as well as treatment (P<0.05) effect. In addition, heat stress significantly increased (P<0.01) plasma cortisol and significantly decreased (P<0.05) plasma aldosterone in only MHS group. Furthermore, heat stress induced PBMC HSP70 expression was significantly higher (P<0.05) in OHS and MHS as compared to SHS group. Thus, it can be concluded from the results that although Malabari breed which is well known for its survival in harsh environment in its native tract could not adapt well to the new locality with much lower magnitude of heat stress. The less severe influence of heat stress on the various biological functions of Salem Black breed as compared to other two breeds clearly indicated the superior adaptability of this breed to survive in different agro-ecological zones. Further, the study also identified RR, RT, plasma cortisol and PBMC HSP70 to be the reliable biological markers for evaluating the thermo-tolerant capacity of indigenous goat breeds.
Evalualting the differences in meat characteristics between different indigenous breed goats subjected to summer heat stress
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research Vellanikkara, 2017) Archana, P R; Sejian, V
Heat shock protein 70 expression in different vital organs of heat stressed Malabari goats
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2018) Afsal, A; Sejian, V
Impact of heat stress on different toll like receptors gene expression in Malabari goats
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2018) Vandana Gokul Das; Sejian, V
Research efforts are needed to quantify immune responses to environmental stresses in different indigenous goats and these efforts will be of practical relevance to identify an animal with better immune potential in the changing climate scenario. Hence, a study was conducted to establish the impact of heat stress on different toll-like-receptors (TLR) genes expression in lymph node of Malabari goats. The study was conducted with the primary objective of establishing the impact of heat stress on the expression pattern of different toll like-receptors (TLRs) in Malabari goats. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days using twelve Malabari goats. The goats were randomly allocated into two groups: MC (n=6; Malabari control) and MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress). At the end of study, all 12 animals were slaughtered and their mesenteric lymph node (MLN) tissues were collected for gene expression. Heat stress significantly (P<0.05) down regulated TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 and significantly increased (P<0.05) TLR2 expression pattern. A negative correlation (P<0.01) was also established between THI and different TLRs except TLR3, TLR7 and TLRIO. Further a strong positive correlation was obtained between THI and TLR2. The results from the study established that Malabari goat breed showed extreme resilience to cope with heat stress in terms of maintaining the innate immune response and this was evident from the non-significant influence of heat stress on the expression patterns of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes. Further, the study also indicated that TLR1, TLR4 and TLR6 genes were sensitive to the heat stress effects and the significantly lower expression of these genes in MHS group as compared to MC group indicates the partly compromised immune status in this breed. In addition, the significantly higher expression of TLR2 in the beat stress group indicates the reliability of this gene in assessing the immune status of this breed during heat stress exposure.
Impact of heat stress on the meat production characteristics and meat quality related gene expression patterns in indegenous Kodi aadu goat breed
(College of Climate Change and Environmental Sciences,Vellanikkara, 2021) Devapriya, A; Sejian, V
Influence of heat stress on the expression patterns of different cytokine genes in Malabari goats
(Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Vellanikkara, 2018) Rasha Mol, V P; Sejian, V