Browsing by Author "Shimi, G J"

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    Enhancing nutrient use efficiency through nano-DAP in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2024-01-10) Akshara, B.; Shimi, G J
    The study entitled “Enhancing nutrient use efficiency through nano-DAP in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted during 2021-2023 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate foliar applied DAP and nano-DAP on growth, nutrient use efficiency, yield and working out the economics in upland rice. The study was carried out in randomized block design with (4×2)+1 treatments replicated thrice at Instructional Farm from November 2022 to February 2023. The treatments included two factors, levels of recommended dose of nutrients (N) with four levels of N and P (n1: 100 per cent N and P; n2: 75 per cent N and P; n3: 50 per cent N and P and n4: 25 per cent N and P); and two levels of foliar fertilizers (F) applied at AT (active tillering) and PI (panicle initiation) stages (f1: 2 per cent DAP and f2: 0.2 per cent nano-DAP), compared against KAU POP as control. The rice variety used for the study was Prathyasa and nutrient recommendation followed was 60:30:30 kg NPK ha-1 as per the KAU POP. The results of the study indicated that the levels of recommended dose of nutrients had significant effect on growth attributes of rice. Significantly taller plants were recorded in n1 and was on par with n2 and n3 at flowering stage. The highest number of tillers per square metre, leaf area per hill and LAI were recorded in n1 at AT (663.33 tillers m-2 , 593.58 cm2 , 3.96 respectively), PI (739.00 tillers m-2 , 1003.88 cm2 , 6.69 respectively) and flowering (683.00 tillers m-2 , 1140.90 cm2 , 7.61 respectively) stages. Leaf area duration (LAD) during AT to PI (79.87 days), PI to flowering (107.24 days), flag leaf area per hill (61.23 cm2 ) and total dry matter production (8852 kg ha-1 ) were also higher in n1. Among foliar fertilizers, the highest leaf area per hill and LAI were obtained in f1 at PI and flowering stages. The longest LAD during PI to flowering stages, and flag leaf area per hill were also recorded in f1. Considering the interaction, n1f1 resulted in significantly higher leaf area, flag leaf area per hill, and total dry matter production. Treatments are significantly higher than that of control with respect to growth attributes in rice. The productive tillers per square metre (513.17 and 455.75), number of grains per panicle (105.75 and 95.56), grain yield (4.91 t ha-1 and 4.46 t ha-1 ) and straw yield (5.73 t ha-1 and 5.24 t ha-1 ) were observed to be the highest in n1 and f1 respectively. Significantly higher harvest index (0.467) was noticed in n2 which was on par with n1. The lowest sterility percentage was recorded in f1. The combination, n1f1 was significantly superior in producing the higher productive tillers per square metre, grains per panicle, grain and straw yield. However, the highest harvest index was obtained in n2f2 (0.472). Significantly higher leaf N and P contents were recorded in n1 for both AT and PI stages. At harvest stage, grain N content was higher in n1 which was on par with n2. The highest straw N content and grain P content were recorded in n1. The highest straw P content was in n2 and straw K content was higher in n1 which was on par with n2 and n3. Among foliar fertilizers, f1 resulted in higher leaf N content at PI stage, grain P and K contents and straw P content at harvest stage. Significantly higher leaf N content at PI, grain and straw P contents and grain K content at harvest stage were recorded in f1. Considering the interaction, n1f1 had significantly higher leaf N and P contents at AT and PI stages but was on par with n1f2. At harvest stage, higher grain P content was with n1f1 and n1f2. However, straw P content was higher in n2f2 and n3f1. Straw K content was higher in n1f2 but was on par with n2f1. Crude protein content was higher in n1, was on par with n2 and n3. The treatment, n1 resulted in significantly higher N (130.02 kg ha-1 ), P (32.31 kg ha-1 ) and K uptake (145.32 kg ha-1 ) but was comparable with n2 for K uptake. Foliar fertilizers had significant effect on P uptake (26.05 kg ha-1 ) with the highest value in f1. When significantly higher N uptake of 136.69 kg ha-1 was recorded in n1f1, the interaction n2f1 produced the highest K uptake. On comparing treatments with control, n1f1 recorded significantly higher N, P, K uptake. When the highest agronomic efficiency (AE) and physiological efficiency (PE) of N and P were recorded in n2, the highest apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of N was obtained in n4, and that of P in n3. The treatment f1 resulted in the highest AE of N (36.86 kg kg-1 ), and PE of N (19.24 kg kg-1 ) and P (73.24 kg kg-1 ). However, higher ARE of P (94.74%) was recorded in f2. Considering the interaction, PE of N was significantly higher with n3f1 whereas PE of P was the highest with n2f1. Significantly higher ARE of N and P were obtained in n3f2. Significantly higher chlorophyll contents at AT and PI stages were observed in n1. Among foliar fertilizers, f1 had the highest value at PI stage. Soil available N (263.58 kg ha-1 ) was higher in n1. The highest available P was recorded with n2 (106.82 kg ha-1 ), f1 (103.92 kg ha-1 ) and n2f1 (117.86 kg ha-1 ). Significantly higher net income and B:C ratio were recorded in n1 (₹ 39,497 ha-1 , 1.21), f1 (₹ 21,633 ha-1 , 1.12) and n1f1 (₹ 47,124 ha-1 , 1.26). From the study it could be concluded that, soil application of 100 per cent recommended dose of N (60 kg ha-1 ), P (30 kg ha-1 ) and K (30 kg ha-1 ) supplemented with foliar application of 2 per cent DAP (Diammonium phosphate) at active tillering and panicle initiation stages were effective for enhancing growth, productivity, nutrient use efficiency and economics in upland rice Rice
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    Input management for precision farming in banana
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Shimi, G J; Sheela, K R
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    Rhizosphere management for enhancing root productivity and oil yield in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Shimi, G J; Anilkumar, A S
    Vetiver is the only grass cultivated specifically for its root essential oil, a complex mixture of sesquiterpene alcohols and hydrocarbons, used extensively in perfumery and cosmetics. The World Bank has promoted the Vetiver System since the 1980s for various applications such as soil erosion and sediment control, water conservation, landslip and riverbank stabilization and recently for pollution control. However, cost effective techniques for increasing root production in the humid tropics are lacking. The present investigation was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani to study the effect of planting methods, subsurface drip fertigation and combined application of bioinoculants on root and oil yield in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The technical programme consisted of combinations of three planting methods, viz, P1 – Planting in coconut husk mulched trenches, P2 – Planting in coconut husk lined trenches and P3 – Planting on the ridges, two levels of fertigation, viz, F1 – Subsurface drip fertigation and F2 - No fertigation; and two bioinoculants, viz, B1 - Application of bioinoculants and B2 - No bioinoculants. The trial in Factorial RBD was conducted during 2010-11. Planting methods, fertigation levels and application of bioinoculants influenced various growth characters of vetiver, viz., plant height, number of leaves and tiller production at various stages of growth. In general, planting in coconut husk lined trenches resulted in better performance. Installation of sub surface drip fertigation system and application of bioinoculants also encouraged vegetative growth. The effect of the above treatments on number, length, spread, volume and weight of vetiver roots were found to be remarkable at certain stages of growth. In general, planting in coconut husk lined trenches was found to improve all the root parameters studied when compared to ridge planting. The effect of bioinoculant application was also conspicuous in improving root growth compared to control (no inoculation). Planting vetiver slips treated with bioinoculants in coconut husk lined trenches under sub surface drip fertigation 111 system provided a favourable situation for root elongation during the early phase of crop establishment. Planting methods, fertigation levels and application of bioinoculants had no significant effect on any of the physiological parameters, viz, canopy temperature, relative leaf water content and osmotic potential studied. Significant influence of planting methods on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were observed. Planting on ridges (P3) which was on par with planting in coconut husk lined trenches (P2) showed significantly higher contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. Leaf dry matter production at all stages and root dry matter at certain stages were found to be significantly influenced by the main effects of treatments. Similar to biometric characters, leaf and root dry matter production were found highest when vetiver was planted in coconut husk lined trenches. Sub surface drip fertigation had a positive and significant effect in enhancing leaf and root dry matter production. The effect of bioinoculants was also positive and significant in improving the above parameters when compared to control. Among the different planting methods, planting in coconut husk lined trenches registered the highest value of soil moisture content before irrigation which was closely followed by planting in coconut husk mulched trenches. The effect of sub surface drip fertigation in influencing soil moisture content before and after irrigation was remarkable. However, application of bioinoculants was not found to significantly influence soil moisture contents. Planting in coconut husk lined trenches (P2), installation of sub surface fertigation system and application of bioinoculants enhanced root and oil yield. Economic analysis of the system also proved the superiority of planting vetiver in coconut husk lined trenches (P2), installation of sub surface drip fertigation system and application of bioinoculants in improving gross and net income. APPEND