Browsing by Author "Sivaraman, E"

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Evaluation of the nutritive values of pulse proteins with and without supplementation of amino acids
(Department of Nutrition Laboratory, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1975) Sivaraman, E; Chandra Menon, K
Lucerne meal as an ingredient in calf starter
(Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1981) Geetha, A; Sivaraman, E
An investigation was carried out to assess the feeding value of lucerne meal as a possible substitute for fish meal in calf starters. Eighteen cross bred calves, weaned at birth, were divided into three groups (Groups 1, 11 and 111) of six animals each as uniformly as possible in regard to body weight and maintained on three isoproteimic calf starter diets, A, B and C containing 0, 15 and 20 per cent levels respectively of lucerne meal in partial or complete replacement of fish meal. Records of fortnightly body weights and body measurements were maintained throughout the course of the experiment. Haematological studies were carried out at monthly intervals. Digestibility coefficients of nutrients in the three rations were determined by conducting a digestion trial towards the end of the experiment. Though the control diet appeared better in promoting growth in calves, the overall daily gains and feed efficiency were almost similar with all the three dietary treatments clearly indicating that lucerne meal can replace fish meal at the levels used and fairely meet the amino acid requirements of the calves. Gains in body weight showing a positive correlation between body weight and body measurements. The normal and similar values for blood constituents indicated that all the animals maintained normal nutritional status and inclusion of lucerne meal at levels as used in the present study did not exert any deleterious effect on the health of the animals. An overall critical assessment of results clearly indicated that with isoproteimic diets licerne meal can be safely included in calf starters at levels of 15 and 20 per cent in partial or complete replacement of fish meal.
Studies on growth response, feed efficiency and carcas characteristics of pigs reared up to different market weight on two dietary treatments
(Department of Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1977) Ramachandran, P; Sivaraman, E
A detailed investigation was carried out to study the growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass quality and economics of production of fattening pigs maintained on two dietary treatments differing in protein levels and reared upto three different body weights. Thirtysix weaner pigs of Large White Yorkshire breed belonging to the University Pig Breeding Farm, Mannuthy were distributed under two dietary treatments and divided into three groups 1, 11 and 111 of six animals each, the animals in the three groups being slaughtered at body weights of 55, 70 and 85 kg.respectively. Higher dietary protein level of 18 per cent promoted better weight gains in pigs during the initial period of their growth. Lowering of protein level in the finishing ration reduced the weight gain and feed efficiency of the animals. A dietary protein level of 16 per cent throughout the feeding period brought about linear increase in overall average daily gain at all body weights studied. Though the protein level does not seem to influence any of the carcass characteristics studied, the dressing percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness and eyemuscle area are positively correlated with body weights under both the dietary treatments. Fat constants are not affected either by protein levels or by live weights. The overall results obtained during the course of the present investigation indicate that the unit cost of production of fattening pigs is least at 55 kg live weight on the dietary treatment A having 18 – 16 – 14 per cent protein and at 85 kg live weight on the dietary treatment B having 16 per cent protein level throughout.
Studies on the degradability of proteins and protected proteins in the rumen of cattle
(Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Sampath, K T; Sivaraman, E
Studies on the nutrient requirements of kids
(Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1979) Mercy, A D; Sivaraman, E
An investigation was carried out to find out the nutrient requirements for optimum growth in kids. Twenty four Alpine – Malabari crossbred kids of 3 4 months of age formed the experimental subjects for the study. The animals, divided into three identical groups (groups 1, 11 and 111), were maintained on three different levels of nutrient intake for over a total period of 4 ½ months, the parameters recorded during the course of the study being average daily body weight gain, drymatter intake, feed conversion efficiency, digestibility coefficients of nutrients, nitrogen balance, mineral balance and haematological constituents. The average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency recorded for animals in the three groups 1, 11 and 111 were found to be 63.7 + 5.3, 64.4 + 5.0 and 67.6 + 2.0 g and 7.0 + 0.7, 7.5 + 0.5 and 7.9 + 0.3 respectively. The average drymatter consumption of animals were 3.1 + 0.2, 3.5 + 0.3 and 3.6 + 0.3 kg per 100 kg body weight respectively for the three groups 1, 11 and 111. The data collected for the haematological constituents were found to lies within the normal range for the species indicating that all the animals under the three dietary regimes were maintaining normal and sound nutritional status. The requirements arrived at for protein and energy for unit gain in body weight were 0.86 + 0.06 0.90 + 0.06 and 0.89 + 0.03 kg D. C. P. and 4.84 + 0.4, 5.20 + 0.30 and 5.31 + 0.19 kg T. D. N. for the animals in groups 1, 11 and 111 respectively. The requirements of D. C. P., T.D. N., calcium and Phosphorus arrived at from the results obtained during the course of the experiment are considered optimum for normal growth in Alpine – Malabari crossbred kids.
Utilization of prawn waste as pig feed
(Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1991) Syam Mohan, K M; Sivaraman, E
An investigation was carried out to assess the feeding value of prawn waste as a partial or complete replacement of unsalted dried fish in the rations for growing – finishing pigs. Thirty – two Large White Yorkshire weanling pigs with an average body weight of 9.1 kg were distributed randomly and uniformly as far as possible to four groups (Groups 1, 11, 111 and IV) of eight animals each, with regard to age, sex and body weight and housed in pairs of the same sex. The four dietary treatments A, B, C and D were allotted to the pigs in the groups 1, 11, 111 and IV respectively. Of the total protein, 25 per cent in the diets A, B and C and 12.5 per cent in the diet D were provided as animal protein. Unsalted dried fish was used as animal protein source in the diets C and D. Diet C formed the control diet. In the diets A and B, 50 per cent and 100 per cent replacements respectively of animal protein from unsalted dried fish were made using dried prawn waste. All the animals were maintained on the respective diets with 18 per cent total protein upto an average live weight of 50 kg and with 14 per cent protein till they attained a body weight of 70 kg or 8 months of age, whichever was earlier, when they were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics.