Browsing by Author "Susamma Philip"

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Additional host of Botryodiplodia theobromae pat
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1975) Susamma Philip; Ramanatha Menon, M
Bio control of postharvest diseases of solanaceous vegitables
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2000) Rajkumar, T; Susamma Philip
Changes in the quantity and quality of coconut oil due to microbial infection of copra
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1980) P G Paul; Sam Raj, J; Susamma Philip
Studies on the quantitative and qualitative changes of coconut oil consequent on inoculation of copra with different fungi and Bacillus subtilis singly and in combination showed that there was a progressive reduction in oil content and rancidity in ail the infected samples. Maximum reduction in oil was recorded in samples inoculated with Aspergillus niger and A. flavus individually.
Cigar-end disease of banana
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1980) Susamma Philip; Wilson, K I; Abraham, M
Diplodia rot of Dolichos lab-lab L.
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1974) Susamma Philip; Ramanatha Menon, M
Exploration of the feasibility of biological control of post harvest diseases of solanaceous vegetables
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1995) Reeny Mary Zacharian; Susamma Philip
The fungi commonly associated with the spoilage of solanaceous vegetables viz., tomato, brinjal and chilli under storage conditions were studied for a continuous period of one year during 1993. Tomato fruits were found to be damaged by Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani. These fungi were present throughout the year, while Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor hiemalis and Choanephora cucurbitarum were seasonal in occurrence. Mucor hiemalis and C. cucurbitarum recorded in the present study are new reports. With brinjal the common pathogens inoculated Alternaria solani, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Penicillium sp. Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus nigricans, Curvularia lunata and Botryodiplodia theobromae. While Phomopsis vexans, Phytophthora palmivora, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani were confined to the rainy periods of the year. Rhizopus. Nigricans and P. palmivora recorded in the present study are new reports on brinjal. Studies with chilli yielded fungi like Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Colletotrichum capsici throughout the year. Phutophtnora capsici and Mucor hiemalis were recorded during the rainy seasons only. Mucor hiemalies and Penicillium italicum recorded in the present study are new reports in chilli. The nature and extent of damage caused by major pathogens were studied for all the three crops. Based on the frequency of occurrence and extent of damage two pathogens were selected for each crop for further in vitro studies. This included F. solani and R. solani for tomato and F. solani and A. solani and A. solani for brinjal. For chilli, the pathogens selected included F. solani and C. capsici. Studies on the occurrence of fungal pathogens and their correlation with weather parameters have showed minimum spoilage during the dry periods of the year viz., January, February and March. A drift in the fungal flora was notices with changing seasons. Low temperature coupled with high relative humidity and rainfall were found to be favourable for growth and sporulation of fungi. Fungi like Phytophthora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Mucor were found to occur during this period. The phylloplane fungi associated with tomato, brinjal and chilli were studied. The plants were raised in pots and observations were recorded at fortnightly intervals for a continuous period of four months. Brinjal leaves harboured the maximum fungal population followed by tomato and chilli. The fungi included the common pathogens and saprophytes. Fungi like Botryodiplodia theobromae, Pestalotia palmarum, Phoma sp., Trichoderma viride. A. niger, A. flavus and A. terréus were common to all the three crops and were selected for in vitro studies, along with the common pathogens of the specific crops in search for a suitable antagonist. Based on the above studies B. theobromae, T. viride and Aspergillus spp. Viz., A. niger, A. flavus and A. terrus were selected as suitable antagonist. But only T. viride was utilised for further studies. The mechanism of action of Trichoderma viride towards Fusarium solani was through coiling and penetration while with R. solani the inhibition was through coiling and disintegration of hyphase. Penetration and disintegration was found with A. solani while for C. capasici it was by penetration alone. The role of Trichoderma as a biological antagonist against the common fruit rot pathogens were studied. Fresh samples of tomato, brinjal and chilli were collected and sprayed with the conidial suspension of T. viride, airdried and inoculated with their respective pathogens and the extent of damage recorded and compared with the control. It was observed that T. viride was effective in reducing the fruit rot of tomato caused by the major pathogens viz., F. solani and R. solani by 52 and 50 percent respectively up to 12 days of storage under artificial inoculated conditions at room temperature. Similar results were also obtained with F. solani in brinjal (48 percent) and C. capsici in chilli (43 percent). The study thus highlighted the effectiveness of utilising Trichoderma as a biological antagonist against the major storage pathogens of tomato, brinjal and chilli.
Investigations on the microbial deterioration of copra
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Susamma Philip; Ramanatha Menon, M
Leaf blight of Coccinia indica Wight & Am. caused by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt) Wei.
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1972) Susamma Philip; Ramakrishnan, C K; Ramanatha Menon, M
Leaf blight of Mirabilis jalapa L.
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1974) Susamma Philip
Microbial population of paddy soil in Vellayani
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1975) Susamma Philip; Sam Raj, J
Phomopsis blght of tapioca (Manihot esculenta crantz)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1973) Rajan, K M; Ramanatha menon, M; Susamma Philip
Post harvest deterioration of fruits by microbes and their control
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1987) Anita Cherian, K; Susamma Philip
Several fungi and bacteria was isolated from decayed fruits like banana, mango, pineapple and orange collected from the local markets of Trivandrum city over a period of six months, Among these Botryodiplodia theobromas was the most common fungus with its occurrence on all fruits. Other pathogenic fungi isolated from each fruit
Sequence of occurrence of microflora in stored cassava tubers
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1981) Susamma Philip
Studies on the antagonistic actlnomycetes of the forest soils of Ponmudi
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1976) Susamma Philip; Sam Raj, J
Studies on the production of antibiotic in culture by a Streptomyces species
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Susamma Philip
Studies on the seed borne diseases of rice in Kuttanadu
(Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1986) Jose Joseph; Susamma Philip
Several fungi were isolated from the seeds of twelve varieties/cultivars of rice collected from different localities of Kuttanadu, the major rice growing tract of Kerala. Fungi were encountered extrenally as well as internally. Among the externally seed borne fungi, Aspergillus flavus was the most common with its occurrence on nine varieties followed by Bipolaris oryzae and Curvuleria lunata. Other fungi included Rhizopus stolonifer, Chaetomium gracile, Syncephalestrum racemosum, Fusarium moniliforms, Trichoderma virde, Sarocladium oryzae. Aspergillus niger, Alternaria padwickii, Fusarium gramineazum, Piricularia oryzae, A. fumigatus, A. quadrilineatus, Nigrospora oryzae and Penicillium spp. Among the varieties Jaya was found to harbour the maximum fungal population. The germination percentage was not found to be affected due to seed inoculationwith the predominant fungi viz. A. flavus, A. padwickii, B. oryzae, C. lunata and S. oryzae.
Wilt of vanilla Planifolia Andr. (salisb ) caused by Fusarium Oxysporum schl. Ex. Fries F. Vasinfectum (ATK.)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1980) Susamma Philip