Browsing by Author "Susannamma Kurien"

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Bio rational management of key pests of jasmine(Jasminum sambac)
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2009) Hemalatha, G; Susannamma Kurien
Biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) in banana Musa (AAA) var. Robusta
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Lini, G; Susannamma Kurien
A study entitled ‘Biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) in banana, Musa (AAA) var. Robusta’ was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara and Banana Research Station, Kannara during April 2010 to June 2011. The objective of the study was to identify an effective biocontrol agent for the management of root-knot nematode in banana. The species of root-knot nematode was identified and confirmed as M. incognita by the perineal pattern of the white females collected from the infested roots of banana plants from BRS, Kannara. Pot culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of different biocontrol agents viz., Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus subtilis and Heterorhabditis indica (EPN) alone and in different combinations in comparison with the commonly used chemical nematicide, carbofuran on the management of root-knot nematode in banana. The effect of the treatments on the biometric characters of banana viz., height of the plant, girth of pseudostem and number of leaves were observed at monthly intervals. When the plants were about to form bunches (seven months after planting) these plants were uprooted and the effects of different treatments on various parameters viz., fresh weight of the whole plant, corm, roots, gall formation on roots and the nematode population in soil and roots were recorded. Among the various treatments tried, the combined application of P. fluorescens and P. lilacinus was found to be very effective in enhancing the biometric characters of banana which was on par with that of carbofuran, followed by P. lilacinus and AMF when treated alone, whereas EPN was found to be the least effective one With regard to nematode population in soil and roots, though carbofuran was found to be the best treatment, this was closely followed by P. fluorescens and P. lilacinus treatment. Same trend was noticed in the case of root knot index, gall formation, fresh weight of whole plant, corm and roots. Application of AMF and EPN were observed as the least effective treatments and recorded maximum nematode population both in soil and roots. . Considering the above results, the present study indicated that the combined application of P. fluorescens and P. lilacinus was found to be the most effective substitute for the chemical nematicide carbofuran for the management of root-knot nematode in banana.
Bionomics and management of root mealybug on black pepper
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Najitha Ummer; Susannamma Kurien
Control of root-knot nematodes in brinjal
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Susannamma Kurien; John Kuriyan
The egg plant (Brinjal) which is one of the most common vegetable crops is highly susceptible to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. An effective control can often be achieved by the complete elimination of nematodes from transplants. Hence the present study was undertaken with a view to find out the efficacy of nursery treatment with four nematicides viz. DECP, aldicarb, carbofuran and metham sodium in control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in brinjal seedlings and their subsequent performance in the mainfield. Seeds of brinjal local was seen in nematicide treated nursery beds. On 30th day after sowing seedlings were uprooted from each treatment and plant characters like number of leaves, height of the plants , galls per plant and weight of 25 seedlings were compared to study the effect of the treatment in the nursery . All the characters were found to be superior over the check.
Evaluation and management of pest complex in cashew grafts
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2003) Deepthy, K B; Susannamma Kurien
Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. (Kofoid and White) in Coleus, Solenostemon rotundifolius(Poir) morton
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2014) Lakshmy K Mohan; Susannamma Kurien
The study entitled ‘Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. in coleus, Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) Morton’ was conducted at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2012-2013 with the objectives of assessment of the population of plant parasitic nematodes infesting coleus at different coleus growing regions of Thrissur District, identification of the species of Meloidogyne infesting coleus and evaluation of biocontrol agents, organic amendments and a chemical insecticide against this root- knot nematode in coleus. Survey was conducted in the major coleus growing areas of Thrissur District, namely Mundathikode, Wadakkanchery, Varavoor, Thirur, Kolazhi, Vellanikkara, Madakkathara and Vadanapilly. Soil and tuber samples were collected from these localities and the nematodes were extracted to assess the population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with coleus. It was found that root-knot nematode was the major problem in all the eight locations and the species of root-knot nematode was identified as Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, 1949 on the basis of perineal pattern of white females. Other plant parasitic nematodes recorded from soil samples were reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveiria), burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949), lance nematode (Hoplolaimus sp.), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus sp.) and rice-root nematode (Hirschmanniella oryzae Luc and Goodey, 1963) which were not harmful to the tubers of coleus. The highest average root-knot nematode population was recorded from Kolazhi with 450.4 nematodes/ 200g soil with a gall index of 3.9. Pot culture experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol agents, organic amendments and a chemical insecticide against root-knot nematode infesting coleus. The results showed that application of organic amendments namely whole plant of Tagetes erecta, leaves of Chromolaena odorata and neem cake resulted in the enhancement of plant growth characters and resulted in a reduction of root-knot nematode population. Incorporation of T. erecta whole plant ranked first among the organic amendments. Neem cake, cartap hydrochloride 4G and combination treatments of Bacillus subtilis + Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus improved the yield of coleus plants. Soil application of P. lilacinus, cartap hydrochloride 4G and incorporation of T. erecta suppressed the nematode population in soil, root and tuber respectively. Combination treatment of P. fluorescens + P. lilacinus and application of neem cake also reduced population buildup of nematode and kept the infestation at a lower level. Highest reduction in number of females, number of root knots and root knot index was also observed in T. erecta and was followed by P. lilacinus, P. fluorescens + P. lilacinus, neem cake and C. odorata. The study clearly indicated that application of organic amendments and biocontrol agents were found to be as effective as cartap hydrochloride 4G in managing the root-knot nematode population in coleus and can be considered as alternative to nematicide application.
Response of selected banana varieties to root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and white)
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Neethu, N S; Susannamma Kurien
Banana, a dessert fruit for millions, otherwise known as “Apple of Paradise” is botanically Musa spp. It is one of the most popular fruits in the world in terms of per capita consumption as well as the most widely traded fruit in the world. Among the various pests and diseases of banana, plant parasitic nematodes constitute one of the major limiting factors to banana production causing extensive root damage and serious economic loss throughout the world. The root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) alone causes 31 per cent yield reduction in India (Jonathan and Rajendran, 2000b).Management of this nematode relies mainly on the repeated use of chemical nematicides which has adverse side effect on environment. One of the most effective and economical ways to control plant parasitic nematodes is exploiting host plant resistance. In this context a study entitled “Response of selected banana varieties to root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)” was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara and Banana Research Station (BRS), Kannara during 2014-2015 with the objective of screening selected banana varieties hybrids against M. incognita and to elucidate the biochemical basis of resistance. Twenty five banana varieties from the germplasm collection of BRS, Kannara, comprising of nine exotic hybrids, six Indian varieties, nine exotic varieties and a highly susceptible check (Robusta) were screened for their reaction to M. incognita. Pot culture experiment was conducted at BRS, Kannara in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Nematodes were inoculated @ one second stage juvenile per gram of soil at forty five days after planting. Monthly observations on the biometric characters viz., plant height, pseudostem girth and number of leaves were recorded from the date of inoculation till uprooting (six months after inoculation). At the time of uprooting, root knot number and nematode population in soil and roots were recorded. Based on the number of galls, indexing was done on 1-5 scale and the banana varieties/hybrids were respectively categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible (Gitanjalidevi et al., 2014). None of the varieties were highly resistant whereas, SH–3640 (AAAB) and SH–3436-6 (AAAA) with mean root knot index of 2 were classified as resistant. Nine varieties viz., FHIA-1 (AAB), FHIA-3 (AABB), SH–3436-9 (AAAA), TMB × 5295-1 (AAAB), Udayam (ABB), Dudhsagar (AAB), Manjeri Nendran II (AAB), Big Ebanga (AAB) and Pisang Nangka (AAB) with root knot index of 3 rated as moderately resistant. Seven varieties viz., TMP 2829 (AB), Mysore Ethan (AAB), Sugandhi (AAB), Yangambi Km5 (AAA), Bangrier (ABB), Popoulu (AAB) and Pisang Madu (AA) with root knot index of 4 found to be susceptible and rest of the seven varieties viz., FHIA -17 (AAAA), FHIA -18 (AAAB), Karpooravally Dwarf (ABB), Pisang Ceylan (AAB), Pisang Jari Buaya (AA), Pisang Buntal (AA) and Robusta (AAA) with root knot index of 5 were classified as highly susceptible. To study the biochemical basis of resistance, biochemical components like total phenol content, peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity were estimated three months after inoculation based on standard procedures. Biochemical analysis revealed a higher total phenol content and enzymes like polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in resistant varieties. A significant negative correlation was observed between the biochemical parameters and number of root knots, root knot index and population of M. incognita in root and soil.
Response of selected okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cultivars to root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)
(Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Chandini, S M; Susannamma Kurien