Browsing by Author "Tajuddin, E"

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Applicability of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (Dris) in coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1994) Mathewkutty, T I; Tajuddin, E
A study on the applicability of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) in coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) was conducted at the department of Agronomy, college of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 1991-’94. The study was conducted using coconut population of var. West Coast Tall being maintained at three research stations of Kerala Agricultural University namely, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pilicode; Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy and Coconut Research Station, Balaramapurm. Eight hundred palms varying in their yield from 5.8 to 162.7 nuts per palm per year were selected for developing DRIS norms. Leaf samples were collected from the 14th frond and were analysed for macro and micronutrients namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, CI, Fe, Zn and Mn employing titrimetric, spectrophotometric, flame photometric or atomic absorption spectrophotometric method depending on the element. DRIS norms were developed using the data generated from the chemical analysis of leaf samples using the methodology of Beaufils (1973). The palm population was divided into low-and high-yielding subpopulations. The means and variances of nutrient concentration as well as their ratios (totalling 90 including inverse ratios) were worked out for the two subpopulations. The variance ratios were then computed for each nutrient and each nutrient ratio to examine their statistical significance and those discriminating significantly between the two subpopulations were considered for DRIS norms. When both the ratio and its inverse form were significant, the one which had a higher variance ratio was selected. Mean values of the selected individual nutrients and nutrient ratios of the high yielding sub population formed the DRIS norms. Five nutrients and 33 nutrient ratios were selected on the basis of higher variance ratios as DRIS norms. Thirty one DRIS charts involving selected three-nutrient combinations can be constructed from the selected nutrient ratios. A qualitative assessment of nutritional imbalance involving three nutrients is possible by utilising these DRIS charts. DRIS technique also provides another approach that can accommodate any number of nutrient ratios in which nutrient indices are worked out using DRIS norms and the observed nutrient ratios for the plant under test. The DRIS index for a nutrient indicates its relative abundance among the nutrients considered in its computation. Lower the value of the index for a nutrient, greater is its requirement. The accuracy of diagnosis of nutritional imbalance by DRIS approach was tested for ten selected nutrients in palm receiving varying levels of NPK under a factorial experiment. From this it was observed that DRIS index for a nutrient varied not only with the applied level of that nutrient but also with the applied level of other nutrients and an improvement in yield with increase in DRIS index value was obtained for the application of K. The overall nutritional balance of a palm is given by the nutrient imbalance index (NII) which is the sum of the nutrient indices irrespective of the sign. A strong negative relationship was observed between this NII and yield. DRIS norms developed on the basis of different yield cut-off values showed that they were affected by the criterion used for dividing the population into low-and high-yielding groups. Similarly DRIS norms developed for different soil type as well as for different climatic situations under the same soil type had also shown variations indicating their influence on DRIS. A comparison of DRIS approach with critical level approach indicated that DRIS could supplement information on balance or imbalance of nutrients in coconut palm and it could be used beneficially in nutrient management programmes in conjunction with critical level approach.
Ecophysiology and management of Isachne in rice fields of Onattukara
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1996) Abraham Varughese; Tajuddin, E
Isachne miliacea Roth is the most dominant weed in the 28,000 ha of low land rice fields of the coastal sandy Onattukara region, situated in Kollam and Alapuzha districts of Kerala. A serious of investigations were undertaken at Rice Research Station, Kayamkulam, during 1991 to 1994 with the objective to identify the major weeds in the rice ecosystem and to bring out the ecophysiology of 1. Miliacea and to find out a suitable weed management strategy for the rice based cropping system of Onattukara. Isachne miliacea was found to be the dominant weed in rice during Kharif and Rabi seasons. The weed seeds germinate in April – May, attains its peak vegetative growth in July and flowers in October. The seeds mature in November and the plants dry off in January with the onset of summer. The weed is propagated by seeds and stem cuttings. Germination of seeds can be prevented by submerging the seeds in the area in water even to a depth of one centimetre. The forcing of the stem cuttings of 1. Miliacea to a depth of five centimetre below the soil surface or maintaining a submergence for more than five centimetre can effectively check the vegetative multiplication of the weed. Seeds attained physiological maturity in November and remained dormant upto March. Seeds of the season that remain on the surface germinate fully in April – May with the pre – monsoon showers while the buried seeds remain dormant. Burying the seeds to more than five centimetre depth and water stagnation in July to November induced secondary dormancy. Viability of the seeds was lost faster at shallow depth of burial. Crop weed competition studies were conducted in Kharif and Rabi for two years with different densities of 1. Miliacea. Weed competition was severe in dry dibbled Kharif compared to wet transplanted Rabi. Even a small density of five 1. Miliacea plants per square metre produced appreciable biomass and reduced the DMP of rice substantially. Integrated weed management study was conducted in Kharif and Rabi for two years in a split – plot design in three randomised blocks. Kharif season treatments formed the main plots for Rabi trial. In Kharif five pre – emergence herbicides were compared with local practice. Local practice of hoeing on 15 DAS and HW twice on 25 and 40 DAS gave maximum grain yield. Application of oxyfluorfen 0.1 kg ha-1 followed by HW on 30 DAS was on par with local practice and ranked second. The performance of other herbicides anilofos 0.40 kg, butachlor 1.25 kg and thiobencarb 1.25 kg per hectare were also satisfactory when followed by one HW on 30 DAS. Pretilachlor 0.50 kg ha-1 was phytotoxic to rice. The tested herbicides effectively controlled 1. miliacea upto harvest of rice compared to local practice. During Rabi the effect of pre-plant spray of glyphosate and hand weedings were compared. Among the treatments a pre – plant spray of glyphosate after harvest of Kharif controlled 1. miliacea best and gave maximum rice yield in Rabi season. Kharif treatments did not show any significant influence on yield of rice during Rabi. From the study it could be concluded that pre – emergence spray of oxyfluorfen 0.1 kg ha-1 followed by one HW on DAS in Kharif and pre – plant application of glyphosate 0.75 kg ha-1 on residual weeds immediately after the harvest of the Kharif crop gave efficient weed control and economic yield of rice in the rice based cropping system involving rice – rice – fallow of Onattukara region.
Effect of applied potassium and rhizobial inoculation on nodulation and uptake of fertilizer nutrients by soybean
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1983) Reena Grittle Pinhero; Tajuddin, E; Abdul Salam, M; Vikraman Nair, R
Effect of bore well saline waters on three rice types
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1979) Tajuddin, E; Chandrasekaran, S
Effect of three bore well saline waters of EC 1500, 2000 and 2500 micromhos per cm were compared with rain water (Control) on the performance of three short duration photoinsensitive rice types viz., ADT-31, Ac-1 and Ac-2 in a pot culture experiment with alluvial clay soil of the Annamalai University Experimental Farm. With water of EC 1500 micromhos per cm, Ac-1 and Ac-2 gave significantly higher grain yield than ADT-31 . With water of EC 2000 micromhos per cm, ADT-31 failed to survive while the types Ac-1 and Ac-2 survived to maturity and yielded even with water of EC 2500 micromhos per cm. Of the two types Ac-1 and Ac-2, the former was superior. By the use of saline water, hazard on plant was found to be mainly due to build-up of soil salinity but not due to that of ESP. With the introduction of a plant type Ac-1, scope on the efficient use of bore well saline water is indicated.
Effect of continuous application of fertilizer nutrients on the long term productivity of a rice cropping system
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1990) Tajuddin, E; Abdul Salam, M; Shahul Hameed, S M; Yageen Thomas; Devandesan, S
Field experiments conducted for a period of seven years to study the effect of continuous application of fertilizer nutrients on the long term productivity of a rice based cropping system revealed that nitrogen application increased grain yield in all the seasons for a period of seven years. Both the physical and economic optimum dose of N decreased @ 4.06 and 3.7% per season, respectively. Nitrogen application @ zero and 120 kg/ha per season continuously over a period of five years, decreased the grain yield @ 1.47 and 1.28 g/ha/year, respectively. But application of N @ 40 kg/ha during the same period increased grain yield 6 1.22 q/ha/year. The productivity of plots applied with N @ 80 kg/ha remained stable. The study clearly revealed the possibility of skipping P for four years and K for seven years in soils containing medium amounts of these nutrients. Application of N at optimum dose is important to maintain the long term productivity of a rice based cropping system involving rice-rice-fallow.
Effect of graded doses of nitrogen on the growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of soyabean under rhizobium inoculated and non-inoculated conditions
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1974) Vikraman Nair, R; Tajuddin, E
Effect of levels of potassium and rhizobial culture inoculation on the growth and yield of soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1981) Reena Grittle Pinhero; Tajuddin, E
An experiment was conducted at the instructional farm attached to the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during July to September 1980, to study the effect of levels of potassium and rhizobial culture inoculation on the growth, yield and quality of soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) The investigation was taken up with the objective of arriving at the potassium requirement of the crop, to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculation and to study the possible interaction effects between them.
Effect of lime and magnesium on the yield and quality of groundnut in the acid soils of Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1970) Tajuddin, E
Effect of potassium and rhizobial inoculation on growth, yield and quality of soybean in the sandy clay loam soils of Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1982) Reena Grittle Pinhero; Tajuddin, E; Abdul Salam, M; Vikraman Nair, R
An experiment wasconducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara to study the effect of potassium and rhizobiai inoculation on growth, yield and quality of soybean. The study revealed that applied potassium and rhizobiai culture inoculation did not significantly influence growth characters, yield components, seed yield and stoveryield. Protein content and oil content were significantly influenced by levels of potassium and inoculation. The highest oil content was recorded by 120 kg K20/ha and the highest protein content was obtained without application of potassium. Inoculation increased the protein content and decreased the oil content of seeds. Studies on residual effects of treatments during 2nd crop season revealed that there was no marked variation in seed yield.
Estimation of leaf area in pumpkin from leaf diameter
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1985) Radha Lakshmanan; Tajuddin, E
Evaluation of shade tolerant morphotypes of colocasia
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1992) Hemalatha, S; Tajuddin, E
The present study 'Evaluationo f shade tolerant morphotypes of colocasia' was conducted during May to December 1990 at the College of Horticulture and Instructional Farm, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Experiment at College of Horticulture was laid out in split plot design with four shade levels in the main plot and six morphotypes in the sub plot. The experiment was carried out with four replications providing 0, 25, 50 and 75 per cent shade. For providing shade, pandals were erected on wooden frames and covered with unplaited coconut fronds on all sides leaving a clearance of 1 m from the ground level. Shade intensities were adjusted using Line quantum and Point quantum sensors. Experiment at Instructional Farm, Vellanikkara was laid out in randomised block design with four replications. Six morphotypes of colocasia raised under artificial conditions at College of Horticulture, were raised in the interspaces of coconut garden; at the Instructional Farm. Under artificial conditions, most of the colocasia morphotypes recorded the highest yield at 25 per cent shade and hence this crop is classed as shade loving corp. Though shading had no significant effect on corm yield, cormel yield and harvest index, there was variation in all these parameters among the morphotypes and M recorded the highest value. Morphotypes M„, M,_ and M were ' 2 10 16 selected as better yielders for all shade situations. Starch content of tubers increased with shading whereas oxalic acid content remains unaffected. Most of the morphotypes evaluated performed similarly under artificial as well as natural shade. Eleven light infiltration observations from different locations were taken at hourly intervals from 9 am to 5 pm, using Line quantum and point quantum sensors and percentage values were worked out. Mean percentage light infiltration values obtained revealed that there is no consistent relationship between light infiltration and height of the coconut palms or spacing.
Fate and efficiency of urea based fertilizer N for rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1987) Babu Mathew, P; Tajuddin, E
With a view to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different urea modified materials at various doses of N, an experiment was conducted at the Cropping Sytems Research Centre, Karamana during 1985-86. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. There were five levels of nitrogen (0, 37.5, 75, 112.5 and 150kg/ha) in the main plots and six types of urea (prilled urea, urea super granules, urease inhibited urea, Neem cake coated urea, Sulphur coated urea and Rock phosphate coated urea) in the sub plots. The rice variety used was Jaya. The abstract of the results are given below. The highest tiller production was observed when USG was applied @ 150 kg N/ha. Application of SCU @ 112.5 kg N/ha, resulted in the production of highest amount of dry matter at harvest. Application of SCU or USG @ 112.5 kg/ha, resulted in the highest N uptake. Nitrogen recovery percentage was highest when NCU or SCU was applied @ 37.5 kg N/ha. Plants supplied with SCU or USG resulted in the production of more number of spikelets/panicle and higher test weight.
Homestead fruit crops
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996-07) Tajuddin, E
Orchids
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996) Tajuddin, E
Scheduling of irrigation for cucurbitaceous vegetables
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1985) Radha Lakshmanan; Tajuddin, E
An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy during the summer season of 1983 – 84 to study the response of cucurbitaceous vegetables viz., pumpkin, oriental pickling melon and ashgourd to different moisture regimes. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five moisture regimes viz., unirrigated control, conventional method of irrigation @ 13 litres/day, irrigation at 25 per cent, 50 per cent and 75 per cent depletion of available soil moisture. The study revealed that irrigation favourably influenced the crop growth and yield. However, there were no significant differences in total yield per plant and per hectare between the different levels of irrigation, for the three crops studied. Treatments which received frequent irrigations showed higher values of consumptive use throughout the crop growth period. Crop coefficients were also higher in the frequently irrigated plots. Field water use efficiency did not vary significantly between the treatments. The drier regimes showed a higher crop water use efficiency than the wet regimes. Moisture extraction was found to be high from the surface layer (0-15 cm) in all the treatments. Loss of moisture from the surface was greater in the case of the wet regimes. Moisture extraction decreased with depth. The dry regimes extracted more moisture from the deeper layers than the wet regimes. The drier regimes indicated greater lateral spread of roots. The depth of penetration of roots did not vary markedly between the different treatments in pumpkin and ashgourd while in melon, the drier regimes showed a greater vertical spread of roots. The unirrigated plots showed the highest value of root-shoot ratio though the dry weight of roots was the least. Among the different irrigation levels tried, 75 per cent depletion of available soil moisture was found to be the optimum permissible level of depletion for pumpkin, oriental pickling melon and ashgourd. This involves irrigation at 5-7 days interval. Can evaporimeters were found to be useful in scheduling irrigations. With can evaporimeters, irrigation to pumkin, oriental pickling melon and ashgourd may be given at cumulative can evaporation values of about 60-70 mm during the vegetative stages of growth followed by 45-55 mm during the flowering, fruit formation and fruit maturity stages.
Screening rice types for salinity tolerance
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1979) Tajuddin, E; Chandrasekaran, S
Seed production potential of guinea grass cv rivers dale under different management techniques
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1993) Krishnan, K; Tajuddin, E
Two field experiments were conducted at farm unit of Kerala Livestock Development Board, Dhoni, Palakkad on a gravely clay-loam during May 1992 to May 1993. The objective of the experiments was to investigate the seed production potential of Guinea grass (panicum maximum jacq.) cv Riverdale under different management techniques. First experiment was laid out in randomized block design with fifteen combinations of three types of cutting management (c1-two seed harvest only, c2-one fodder cut and two subsequent seed harvest, C3-two fodder cut and one seed harvest) and five stages of seed harvest (10,15, 20 25 and 30 days after panicle emergence) replicated thrice. Second experiment was laid out in partially confounded factorial design with twenty seven combination of different levels of N, P and K (N0, N100, N200, P0, P40, P80, K0, K30, K60 kg/ha.). The data collected from the experiment were statistically analysed. The abstract of the study is presented below: Highest seed yield 167 kg/ha. Was obtained from the Guinea grass cv Riversdale when transplanted at a spacing of 60x60 cm, fertilized with 100 kg N, 80kg P205 and 60kg K20 and left without cutting till flowering during the first season and one subsequent seed harvest in the second season. The crop residue received after seed harvest was poor in quality containing higher percentage of crude fibre. A livestock farmer cannot afford to feed his cattle with low quality fodder through out the year. If he can meet both requirement of his livestock and his own demand of seed and the surplus quantity of seed for sale that could be the best management. A cutting management with one fodder cut in the beginning of the season and subsequent seed harvest serves best the purpose with a seed yield of 127 kg/ha. The ideal stage of harvest of seed crop to obtain maximum seed yield is considered to be 10 to 15 days after panicle emergence. The seed yield decreases with delayed harvest (20, 25, 30 days after emergence of panicle). The problem aggravates during the dry seasons. The study showed that the seed quality was on par in all stages of harvest. N, P and K fertilizer application upto 200, 80, 60 kg/ha respectively was not effective in increasing either the fodder or seed yield probably due to the high inherent fertility status of the soil of experimental site.
Standardization of planting techniques in rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1986) Thankappan, G; Tajuddin, E
Studies on foliar and soil application of fertilizers on cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1972) Sundaresan Nair, P; George, C M; Tajuddin, E
Teak
(Kerala Agricultural University, 1996) Tajuddin, E