Browsing by Author "Wilson, D"

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Development and evaluation of hybrids in ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis L. Voigt)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2008) Prabu, R; Wilson, D
Diallel analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
(Department of plant breeding and genetics, College of agriculture, Vellayani, 2014) Palli Rajasekhar; Wilson, D
The present study entitled “Diallel analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during kharif –rabi 2013-14 with major objective to estimate heterosis, combining ability and gene action and to identify superior hybrids. The experimental material consists of eight parents and 28 hybrids. The hybrids were produced in a half-diallel pattern. The hybrid Neelima released from KAU was used as check for the estimation of standard heterosis. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Heterosis and combining ability was estimated for days to first flowering, days to first harvest, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit weight (g), calyx length (cm), fruits per cluster, fruits per plant, primary branches per plant, plant height (cm) and yield per plant (kg) Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Six hybrids exhibited standard heterosis for yield per plant, fruits per plant and fruits per cluster. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis, hybrids Wardha local x Vellayani local (4.16 kg per plant), Swetha x Vellayani local (3.88 kg per plant) and Wardha local x Palakurthi local (3.38 kg per plant) were found to be the most promising for fruit yield and other desirable traits. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits. The σ2gca and σ2sca ratio indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of all the traits. The estimates of general combining ability effects suggested that parents Wardha local was good general combiner for yield per plant, fruits per plant and fruits per cluster, while Vellayani local and Selection Pooja were good general combiners for yield per plant. The estimates of specific combining ability effects indicated that cross combinations viz., Swetha x Vellayani local, Wardha local x Vellayani local, Wardha local x Palakurthi local, NBR-38 x Vellayani local, Gopulapur local x Surya, Surya x Vellayani local, Surya x NBR-38 and NBR-38 x Selection Pooja were most promising for yield per plant. These hybrids could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes in future breeding programme.
Evaluation of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for yield and resistance to shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Daliya, T; Wilson, D
The present investigation on evaluation of yield and resistance to shoot and fruit borer of brinjal genotypes was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during the period 2000 - 2001. Data for the study was collected from two field experiments. For the evaluation of yield and its component characters of the 25 brinjal genotypes, a field experiment was conducted in randomised block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Grouping of genotypes revealed that the genotypes VI (Swetha), V2 (Surya) and V18 (Pusa Purple Cluster) were better as far as yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and number of harvests were concerned. Pus a Kranti (V 17) had better fruit length, girth and weight. High phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of harvests, number of leaves per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was also observed for these characters. At genotypic level, yield per plant showed high positive correlation with number of harvests, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight. The path analysis showed that number of harvests, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant were the characters having high direct effect on yield per plant. The genotypes VI8 (Pusa Purple Cluster) followed by VI7 (Pusa Kranti), V21 (Brinjal Suphal), VI (Swetha) and V16 (Venganoor local) were having the highest index values. For screening of brinjal genotypes for resistance to shoot and fruit borer, a field experiment was laid out in randomised block design with two replications. All the 25 genotypes were significantly different for all the damage parameters. The genotypes V3 (CO-2), V17 (Pusa Kranti), V19 (Ark a Kusumkar) and V24 (Manjarigota local) came under the less susceptible category for all the damage parameters viz., percentage of plants infested, percentage of shoots infested and percentage of damaged fruits. The correlation studies on damage parameters revealed high positive correlation of number of bore holes per fruit with percentage of plants infested and percentage of shoots infested, while these damage parameters did not show correlation with percentage of damaged fruits. Percentage of damaged fruits showed high correlation with number of larvae per fruit. Cluster analysis based on different damage parameters and the yield obtained from the yield evaluation experiment enabled to group the genotypes into five clusters. The clusters Il and III were having the less susceptible genotypes viz., V3 (CO-2), V 17 (Pusa Kranti), V19 (Arka Kusumkar) and V24 (Manjarigota local) would be useful as parents for developing shoot and fruit borer resistant varieties. Cluster IV had the high yielding genotypes viz., VI (Swetha) and V 18 (Pusa Purple Cluster). So hybridization programmes using genotypes from these three clusters could lead to the production of high yielding varieties with high level of shoot and fruit borer resistance. Based on the superior yield performance and low level of susceptibility to shoot and fruit borer, the genotype VI7 (Pusa Kranti) was found to be suitable for cultivation in borer endemic areas. Genotypes which showed high yield and those showed less susceptibility to shoot and fruit borer attack could be used in developing better yielding varieties with resistance to shoot and fruit borer.
Generation mean analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for yield and yield attributes
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2015) Soumya B Nair; Wilson, D
The project entitled “Generation mean analysis in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for yield and yield attributes” was carried out at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2013-15 to study the gene action and inheritance pattern of yield and yield attributes using generation mean analysis. In generation mean analysis six generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of three crosses (Wardha local x Surya, Wardha local x NBR-38 and Swetha x Haritha) were evaluated in a field experiment for thirteen yield components. Results showed that in cross 1 additive gene effects (additive, additive x additive) were important for fruit girth, fruit volume, number of fruits per cluster, yield per plant and non additive gene actions (dominance, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance) were recorded for fruit length, days to first flower, days to first harvest, calyx length, fruit volume, number of fruits per plant, number of primary branches and plant height. In cross 2 additive gene effects were predominant for fruit weight, yield per plant and fruit and shoot borer incidence while only non additive gene actions were important for all other traits. In cross 3 additive gene action was reported for fruit and shoot borer incidence and days to first harvest and all other characters were under the control of non additive gene action. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for most of the crosses. The study of F2 population was undertaken in compact family block design with eight families and five progenies within family to assess the variability between families and among progenies within each family. Eight F1 hybrids selected were selfed to raise eight F2 families. Based on the mean values of eight families and their progenies, variability among the families and progenies within families were studied. The analysis of variance conducted for eight F2 families showed significant differences among the progenies for different characters. Family 2 (Wardha local x Surya) took the minimum number of days to first flowering and first harvest. Maximum fruit length and number of fruits per cluster were recorded in Family 7 (Wardha local x Selection Pooja). Maximum number of fruits per plant was recorded in Family 4 (Wardha local x Swetha) and maximum plant height, fruit volume, fruit weight and yield per plant were recorded in Family 6 (Surya x Haritha). The magnitude of variation shown among the progenies of eight families revealed the heterogenous nature of F2 families. All families except family 6 showed significant variation among progenies for days to first flowering and fruit length. Variations among progenies for girth of fruit was expressed by all families except family 8. None of the families exhibited significant variation among the progenies for number of fruits per cluster. All the families possess significant variations among progenies for number of primary branches, days to first harvest, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and yield. Families 2 and 8 revealed significant variation among the progenies for volume of fruit. All families except family 4 and 6 showed significant difference among progenies for calyx length. Family 4 and 5 showed significant difference among progenies for percentage of plants infested with shoot and fruit borer. Based on the results wide variability among the families and progenies within families revealed the heterogenous nature of F2 families. The study revealed that among the families studied family 6 recorded maximum fruit weight and yield per plant. Superior F2 progeny can be used in further improvement programmes. The predominance of additive gene effects as well as non-additive gene effects were recorded for fruit weight, fruits per plant and yield per plant. The study suggested that characters governed by predominance of additive component could be improved through selection.
Genetic analysis of segregating generation of inter varietal crosses in greengram
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1999) Ebenezer Babu Rajan, R; Wilson, D
The research programme was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, VelIayani during rabi season 1998-99, with the objective of identifying superior progenies in the F2 generation for yielding ability and nitrogen fixation 'potential. Seven parents and F 2 progenies of their 21 crosses of greengram were evaluated, adopting a randemised block design with three replications. The data collected for thirteen quantitative characters were analysed statistically. The genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficients were studied and a selection index was formulated to identify superior genotypes. The treatments showed significant difference for all the characters. High genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for weight of nodules in the root at 50 per cent flowering, dry weight of plants at maturity, nitrogen content of plants at maturity and grain yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for weight of nodules in the root at 50 per cent flowering followed by dry weight of plants at maturity, grain yield, number of pods, number of cIuslters per plant, harvest index, hundred grain weight, number of secondary roots at maturity, plant height and shoot/root ratio indicating additive gene action and reliability of these characters during selection programme for crop improvement. High positive genotypic correlation for number of pods per plant followed by number of clusters per plant, harvest index, plant height, hundred grain weight and number of seeds per pod indicated selection based on one or more of the above components may result in the improvement of grain yield. The path coefficient analysis revealed high positive direct effects of number of pods on grain yield. In addition hundred grain weight and number of seeds. per pod also showed positive direct contribution to grain yield. A selection index was constructed based on grain yield per plant and eight yield contributing characters identified through correlation and path analysis. Based on the selection index one of the parental varieties CoGG-902 ranked first followed by Pusa-9333 x NDM-88-14, Pusa-9333, KM-1285 x CoGG-902 and IlPRM-3 x LG-444 were identified as superior for yielding ability and nitrogen fixing potential.
Genetic evaluation of yield and resistance to promopsis blight in brinjal (Solanum melongena L)
(Department of plant breeding and genetics, College of agriculture, Vellayani, 2013) Kuduka Madhukar.; Wilson, D
The present study entitled “Genetic evaluation for yield and resistance to phomopsis blight in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani with 32 brinjal genotypes collected from various parts of India to identify suitable genotypes of brinjal resistant to phomopsis blight caused by Phomopsis vexans through pot culture screening and yield evaluation in field. Out of 32 genotypes artificially screened against phomopsis blight, based on the percentage disease index, none was found to be resistant to the disease. SM 9 (12.22), SM 23 (16.67) and SM 25 (12.22) were moderately resistant to the disease. But in field conditions, both SM 9 (599.13g) and SM 25 (607.93g) were poor yielders, while SM 23 (1416.20g) was relatively mediocre. The field experiment was conducted in RBD and the genotypes differed significantly for all the characters studied. SM 11(2509.73g) was the highest yielder and also it recorded maximum number of fruits per plant (43.8). Longest fruits were produced by SM 19 (14.95 cm) while the heaviest fruits by SM 26 (72.93 g) which was on par with SM 19 (71.13 g). SM 25, SM 27 and SM 30 were moderately resistant to borer infestation. No incidence of phomopsis blight was noticed in the field. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for all the characters studied. Yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with number of fruits per plant, fruits per cluster, fruit length, fruit weight and primary branches both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that fruits per plant and fruit weight are the major contributors to the yield. It also indicated that both fruit length and fruits per cluster had appreciable indirect effects through fruits per plant on yield. Mahalanobis' D2 statistics was employed to study genetic divergence among 32 genotypes and were grouped into five clusters on the basis of relative magnitude of D2 values using Tocher’s method. Cluster I accommodated maximum number of genotypes and in sequence clusters were having 15, 10, 5, 1 and 1 genotypes respectively. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between II and V. It has been observed that there was no close correspondence between geographical distribution and genetic divergence. SM 26 ranked 6th based on selection index with considerable yield and also was tolerant to borer infestation in the field and only moderately susceptible to phomopsis blight in the pot culture. SM 11 was the highest yielder in field, but it was susceptible to phomopsis blight in pots. On the other hand, SM 25 was moderately resistant to phomopsis blight in pot but was a poor yielder in field. Therefore, SM 11 and SM 25 along with SM 26 can be used in hybridization programme to obtain better cultivars with high yield, tolerance to phomopsis blight and borer infestation.
Genetic improvement and molecular characterisation of paprika(capsicum annuum L.) genotypes
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2004) Bini Philip; Wilson, D
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important spice cum vegetable crop yielding capsaicin, oleoresin and natural colour besides green and dry fruits. Paprika belonging to Capsicum annuum is characterised by good colour and low pungency can be used both as vegetable and spice. The increasing commercial importance world over for paprika as sources of paprika powder and oleoresin has resulted in establishing breeding programmes to develop varieties or hybrids to meet domestic as well as export demands. The present investigation entitled “Genetic improvement and molecular characterization of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes” conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2002-2004 was given prime importance for the development of improved chillies with paprika quality through hybridization. Chilli germplasm consisting of 44 genotypes were evaluated for yield traits and quality characters and considerable variations were observed among genotypes for 16 traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, crop duration, yield per plant, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content, capsanthin content and capsaicin content. The maximum values of both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were noticed for yield per plant and fruits per plant. All the traits exhibited high heritability especially yield per plant and fruits per plant. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was found high for all the characters except days to 50 per cent flowering for which it was moderate. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlation of yield per plant with fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, 100 seed weight, plant height, oleoresin content, ascorbic acid content and crop duration and negative correlation with days to 50 per cent flowering. Negative correlation was observed between capsanthin content and capsaicin content. Selection indices were computed based on 16 traits and genotypes were ranked accordingly. Genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Based on the selection index and quality parameters seven genotypes viz., EG-85, Vellayani local, Jwalamukhi, Kattakkada local, Kaliyikkavila local, EG-101 and Arka Abir were selected from different clusters as parents for hybridization. Half diallel analysis revealed predominantly non-additive gene action for most of the characters but additive gene action was found for fruit length and fruit girth. On the basis of gca effects and mean performance Arka Abir was the best parent for quality characters and Vellayani local for yield related characters. Among the 21 hybrids evaluated with respect to mean performance, standard heterosis and sca effects P1 x P7 (EG-85 x Arka Abir) was superior with respect to earliness, capsanthin content, low pungency, fruit length and oleoresin content. For yield attributes two hybrids can be projected as superior ones. The hybrid Vellayani local x EG – 101 performed best for yield per plant, fruit weight, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and fruits per plant. Vellayani local x Kattakkada local showed best performance for plant height, fruits per plant, yield per plant, fruit weight, oleoresin content and ascorbic acid content. Comparative study on green fruit yield per plant, ripe fruit yield per plant, dry fruit weight recovery and pericarp thickness revealed high positive correlation between green fruit yield and ripe fruit yield per plant and negative correlation between pericarp thickness and dry fruit weight recovery. Maximum dry fruit weight recovery was for the hybrid EG-85 x Arka Abir. RAPD analysis was performed using the random primer OPA-10 and the 28 genotypes including seven parents and 21 hybrids were characterized using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient analysis and a dendrogram was constructed to cluster the genotypes. The superior hybrid with respect to paprika quality EG-85 x Arka Abir was characterized using three random primers and its hybridity was proved.
Heterosis and combining ability in greengram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) for biological nitrogen fixation and yield
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1998) Bhadra, K; Wilson, D
Heterosis and combining ability in melon
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2000) Deepthy, R; Wilson, D
The current research programme on 'Heterosis and combining ability in melon (Cucumis melo (L.) var. conomon) was carried at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, VeIl ay ani during 1998- 2000. The objectives were estimation of various genetic parameters, heterosis and combining ability effects of parents and hybrids. The experimental material consisted of seven parents and their 21 F 1 hybrids (without reciprocals). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among the genotypes for all the 21 characters studied. The genotype P3 topped in mean performance for yield and many yield attributes. The hybrids P2 x P6 and P2 x P3 were superior in yield and fruit characters, whereas P6 x P7 was the best for keeping quality, yield and crop duration. Genetic parameters like PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were high for keeping quality, yield, sex ratio and mean fruit weight. Environmental component of variation was negligible for majority of traits. Significant heterosis was observed for all the characters studied. P3 x P 4 showed maximum standard heterosis for yield whereas, P2 x P 6 showed maximum relative heterosis and fruit characters and earliness traits. Variance due to GCA and SCA were significant for all the traits studied. P3 was the best general combiner for yield, fruit diameter, mean fruit weight and fruit length and P2 was the best for node characters and crop duration. The hybrid P6 x P7 was the best specific combiner for yield. Combining the mean performance, SCA effects and standard heterosis, P2 x P6 was identified as the superior cross in terms of yield and yield attributes whereas P 4 x Ps was the best for various flowering traits.
In vitro regeneration and agrobacterium mediated transformation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) in relation to disease resistance against groundnut bud necrosis virus
(Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2006) Ramjitha, P; Wilson, D
Induced mutagenesis in rose under in vivo and in vitro culture
(Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1993) Wilson, D; Krishnan Nair, N
Investigations were carried out at the Department of Agricultural Botany and Tissue Culture Laboratory attached to the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period from 1989-1993 on “Induced mutagenesis in rose under in vivo and in vitro culture. Induced mutagenesis adopting in vivo method was carried out with three rose cvs. Alliance, Suraga and Folklore belonging to Hybrid Tea group. The cv. Folklore alone was utilized for induced mutagenesis adopting in vitro culture. The budwoods of three selected cultivars were collected at three different stages of growth and exposed to Gamma rays at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy, and budded on rooted stock plants and effect of gamma rays on morphological attributes were recorded. In vitro culture conditions were standardized for cv. Folklore. Budwoods were collected at five different growth stages and exposed to gamma rays at 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy, before culturing. The in vitro variations in terms of culture establishment, shoot proliferation and rooting efficiency were studied. Multiple shoots were also subjected to gamma irradiation to study their in vitro variations. Gamma irradiation of bud woods induced inhibition and reduction in sprouting and survival. Growth retardation exhibited in the form of reduction in plant height and number of branches. The cultivars showwed no significant interaction with different doses of gamma rays for sprouting and survival. The ED50 was estimated as 38Gy. One reddish yellow mutant was isolated from cv. Folklore from 30 Gy treated population and one mutant for increased number of petals from 40 Gy treated population of the same cultivar. In addition, gamma exposure induced variation in size and shape of leaves at 30 and 40 Gy. The treatment of mercuric chloride 0.08 per cent for 12 minutes had the minimum contamination rate for shoot tip and axillary bud explants, and 0.06 per cent for 12 minutes was most effective in the case of internodal segments and leaf disc explants. Axillary buds of 1.0 cm length for enhanced release of axillary bud, internodal segments of 0.5 cm and leaf discs of 1.0 cm with a petiole portion for callus induction were identified as the most suitable explants. Axillary buds excised 4 days after flower opening had the best response in culture establishment. MS basal medium supplemented with BAP 2.5 mg/1+2,4-D 0.5 mg/1 recorded bud break percentage of 80 per cent within 4 days. Early multiple shoot induction and highest number of shoots/culture observed in medium supplemented with kinetin 2.0 mg/1 + GA3 1.0 mg/1. Addition of BAP 2.0 mg/1+ GA3 0.75 mg/1 was the best for getting highest percentage of cultures with multiple shoots. Flower bud initiation was observed in combination of BAP 2.0 MG/1 + GA3 0.5 MG/1. The best medium for in vitro rooting was found to be IAA and NAA 1.0 mg/1 each, along with activated charcoal 500 mg/1. Successful hardening and ex vitro establishment of plantlets were achieved by surface inoculation of germinated spores of mycorrhizae (VAM) in liquid suspension. Highest survival rate of 66.67 per cent was observed by inoculation with Glomus etunicatum against no plants in the untreated lot. Minimum number of days to flowering (105) was taken in plantlets inoculated with G. etunicatum BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 2.0 mg/1 +2, 4-D 0.5 mg/1 was the best combination for callus induction and BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 0.1 mg/1 + ascorbic acid 5 mg/1 had the highest callus proliferation. In vitro rhizogenesis obtained from internodal and leaf calli in MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 2.5 MG/1 + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg/1. Gamma irradiation of axillary buds delayed bud break, reduced percentage of bud break, multiple shoot production and rooting efficiency and also induced morphological variations in leaf and growth pattern. The estimated value for ED50 was 33 Gy under in vitro culture. Exposure of multiple shoots to gamma rays induced several morphological abnormalities and reduced the shoot production and rooting efficiency.
Sneha, an improved variety of groundnut for uplands
(Kerala Agricultural University, 2000) Suma Bai, D I; Manju, P; Sverup John; Wilson, D; Gopimony, R; Vijayagopal, P D
Initial evaluation trials (lETs) were conducted with 18 superior types and 18 extra early segregants from the Fs progenies during 1993. From the lETs, seven high yielding types and nine high yielding, extra early progeny bulks were selected and subjected to CYTs during kharif 1994 and 1995 at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram along with check varieties. Two promising types, VGE-551 and 1SKO-8805 with high yield and two cultures, Culture 15 and Culture 18 with high yield and early maturity were advanced to farm trials along with TMV 2 and local check at nine locations in Thiruvananthapuram district during kharif 1996. Culture 15 with high yield and early maturity was recommended for release as Sneha suitable for cultivation in the uplands of Thiruvananthapuram district.