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Author: search.filters.author.Nybe, E VSubject: search.filters.subject.Nutrient deficiency in black pepper

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    Nutrient deficiency in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) - Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Nybe, E V; Nair, P C S
    Detailed studies were conducted in black pepper (var. PanniyuM) from 1983 to 1985 at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara with a view to induce deficiency symptoms of N, P and K by sand culture. Deficiency symptoms of all the three nutrients studied were first manifested on the older leaves. Symptoms of N deficiency were expressed as uniform yellowing followed by necrosis whereas purple to bronze yellowing with ash coloured necrotic areas were the symptoms of P deficiency. Potassium deficiency was characterised by tip and marginal necrosis which later progressed to the two-thirds distal portion of the lamina. There was profound reduction in vegetative growth due to deficiency of N and P. The reduction in shoot growth and leaf area index was maximum in the case of deficiency of N (56% and 63%) followed by P (32% and 2%). The reduction in root growth was quite high due to deficiency of P (45%) followed by N (39%). The growth of vine was completely arrested at comparatively early stage (6th month after treatment) due to N deficiency followed by P (13th month). There was no cessation of growth in the case of deficiency of K. Visual symptoms of deficiencies concurred with a marked reduction in the foliar levels of the concerned elements. Initial symptoms of deficiency were manifested when the foliar level was reduced to 2.45 per cent in the case of N, 0.20 per cent in P and 2,10 per cent in K. Antagonistic effect of K with Ca and Mg was also observed. The deficiency symptoms could be recovered by the application of the deficient nutrient element.
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    Nutrient deficiency in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) - calcium, magnesium and sulphur
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1987) Nybe, E V; Nair, P C S
    Studies conducted to induce deficiency symptoms of Ca, Mg and S in pepper revealed that the deficiency symptoms were first manifested on the younger leaves except in the case of Mg. Calcium deficiency symptoms appeared as tiny brown necrotic spots on chlorotic area near margins which later enlarged to form black necrotic areas. Visible symptom of Mg deficiency was oval interveinal chlorotic area followed by black necrotic patches. Sulphur deficiency was manifested as uniform yellowing with brown necrotic spots. The reduction in shoot growth and leaf area index was maximum in the case of deficiency of S (48% and 17%) whereas the effect of Ca and Mg deficiency on vegetative growth was comparatively low. However, the deficiency of Ca resulted in a marked reduction in root growth which extended upto 61 per cent. The growth of the vine was completely arrested at a very early stage of 4.5 months after treatment due to S deficiency whereas no cessation of growth occurred in the case of deficiencies of Ca and Mg. Concurrent with the manifestation of deficiency symptoms, there was a reduction in the foliar levels of the concerned elements. Initial symptoms of deficiency were manifested when the foliar level was reduced to 1.51 per cent in the case of Ca, 0.913 per cent in Mg and 0.121 percent in S. Antagonistic effects among K, Ca and Mg were also observed. The deficiency symptoms could be recovered by the application of the nutrient element which was deficient.