Browsing by Author "Lovely, B"

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Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala
(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture , Vellayani, 2024-12-03) Greeshma Ravi; Lovely, B
The research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesameThe research programme entitled ‘Developing breeding lines of sesame suitable for cultivation in Kerala’ was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2022-2024 with the objective of evaluating the segregating population of intervarietal crosses in sesame for selecting superior genotypes. Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesame Sesamum indicum L., an important edible oilseed crop is self-pollinating with varying degrees of cross-pollination depending on the environment. Breeding programs focus on improving seed yield, oil quality, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, although gains in sesame breeding have been lower compared to other oilseed crops. The experimental material of the present study consisted of the F2 segregating populations of three superior F1 lines namely, Thilak X Ayali 1(TA1), Thilathara X Ayali 2 (TTA2) and Thilak X Ayali 5 (TA5), selected based on a previous work done in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The occurrence of transgressive segregants, where individuals exceed the performance of both parents, supports the potential for improving desirable traits in breeding programs. The observed high coefficients of variation for traits like seed yield per plant and the number of capsules per plant indicate ample opportunities for selection and improvement. The range in days to first flowering (29-75 days in F2 and 41-74 days in F3) and days to maturity (80-126 days in F2 and 92-125 days in F3) suggests considerable potential for enhancing earliness and crop duration, which is critical for adaptability in diverse agro-ecological conditions. Traits such as plant height, which ranged from 37-175.5 cm in F2 and 46-181 cm in F3, and seed yield per plant (2.28-28.24 g in F2 and 3.25-27.75 g in F3) further highlight the genetic diversity present in these populations. However, traits like capsule length and width showed limited variation, indicating less scope for improvement in these areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for targeted selection strategies in sesame breeding to enhance yield and other economically important traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation for traits such as days to first flowering, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits indicates a strong environmental influence. However, traits such as days to maturity and capsule length displayed low coefficients of variation, indicating limited potential for improvement through selection. The study showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance for most traits, including days to first flowering and seed yield per plant since it was a segregating population. The correlation analysis in the present study provides crucial insights into the relationship between seed yield and other agronomic traits, which are essential for selection in sesame breeding. Seed yield per plant exhibited a strong positive correlation with key traits such as number of primary branches, capsule length, capsule width, number of seeds per capsule, plant height, and the number of capsules per plant. In contrast, days to first flowering and days to maturity demonstrated a negative correlation with seed yield. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to identify the key traits contributing to genetic variability in sesame, with a focus on yield-related characters. In the F2 population, PC1 and PC2 account for a significant portion of the total variation, underlining their importance in selecting desirable genotypes. PC1 is highly correlated with yield- related traits such as capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, and seed yield, while PC2 is linked to maturity and flowering times. Meanwhile, in the F3 population, PC1 alone explains 89.935% of the total variability, emphasizing its dominance in capturing genetic variation. PC1 correlates predominantly with plant height, days to first flowering, and seed yield, with a stronger emphasis on plant height and flowering time. Biplot analysis in the F2 population shows genotypes with early maturity and high yield traits in specific quadrants, suggesting potential for targeted breeding strategies. The regression analysis conducted in this study underscores the significant relationships between agronomic traits and seed yield per plant in sesame. In both the F2 and F3 populations, the number of capsules per plant emerged as the most influential variable affecting seed yield. The family TA5-32 can be considered as superior since it recorded significantly different values for the yield related characters which suggests ample scope for selection from its segregating generations. Based on the performance of the F3 genotypes, five superior lines were identified viz., TA5-32-25, TA5-4-7, TA5-2-2, TA1-5-1 and TA5-5-1 which exhibited significant variations in seed yield and oil content. These lines can be proceeded further to the next generations for development of high yielding varieties in sesame.
Development of high yielding phyllody tolerant varieties in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2024-02-12) Shrithar Bhalaji, B K; Lovely, B
A research programme was carried at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period 2021-2023 with the objective of developing high yielding varieties of sesame with tolerance to sesame phyllody and enhanced oil content . The best performing lines identified during the previous study entitled “Potential of Sesame (Sesame indicum L.,) genotypes with respect to yield and phyllody tolerance in Onattukara Region” were used as female lines and the varieties which showed phyllody tolerance were used as male tester parents for studying the combining ability and heterosis by adopting line x tester mating design to elucidate the gene action and identify the superiorly performing crosses. The hybrids produced were subjected to hybridity confirmation using 30 polymorphic SSR molecular markers which are having more than 80% PIC values. The produced twelve F1 along with its parents were evaluated for the biometric parameters including days to first flowering , days to fifty percent flowering, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, plant height, number of primary branches, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per capsule, dry pod weight, 1000 seed weight, days to maturity, seed yield per plant and biochemical parameters for phyllody tolerance including enzyme activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase using experimental design randomised block design. Phyllody tolerance was phenotypically scored and the disease intensity and vulnerability index were also estimated to identify the tolerant crosses. Statistical analysis including Anova for line x tester mating design with parents and heterosis was performed using TNAUSTAT software. Significant positive GCA effects observed for capsules per plant in parent Ayali 1, capsule length in Thilathara, Ayali 1, 1000 seed weight in Thilak, seed yield per plant in Ayali 1, PO activity in Thilathara, Thilarani, Ayali 5, PPO activity in Thilathara, Kayamkulam 1 and Ayali 5. Significant specific combining ability was also observed for some characters. Significant positive heterosis was observed for the character number of primary branches in cross Thilarani x Ayali 1, capsules per plant in Thilarani x Ayali 1, capsules per plant in Thilarani x Ayali 5 and Kayamkulam 1 x Ayali 2, oil content in Thilak x Ayali 1, PO activity in Thilathara x Ayali1, Thilathara x Ayali 5, Thilarani x Ayali 2, Thilarani x Ayali 5, Thilak x Ayali 1, Thilak x Ayali 2, Kayamkulam 1 x Ayali 1, Kayamkulam 1 x Ayali 5.
Evaluation of genetic divergence in ashgourd (Benincasa hispida Cogn.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2001) Lovely, B; Radha Devi
A research programme was carried out at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1999- 2001 with the objective of assessing the genetic diversity 'present in a population of ashgourd genotypes. Twenty-five genotypes were evaluated adopting randomized block design with 3 replications. Genetic parameters, association among the characters, direct and indirect effects of characters on yield, D2 values and selection indices were estimated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for almost all the characters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for mean fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, flesh thickness and fruits per plant. Node to first male flower, vine length, fruits per plant, mean fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, flesh thickness, 100- seed weight, seeds per fruit and dry matter content had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. However high heritability and low genetic advance was noted for days to first male and female flower. High direct effect of days to first female flower, fruits per plant fruit length and fruit girth on yield indicate that selection based on the above components result in the improvement of yield per plant. Mahalanobis D2 analysis clustered the 25 genotypes into 8 groups with genotypes from different eco-geographic locations being grouped in the same clusters. The genetic distance was maximum between II and IV, while the minimum -.----.~--- --- 2 divergence was between clusters VII and VIII. The character seeds per fruit contributed maximum to the total divergence. In future breeding programmes selection of parents from clusters II and IV for hybridization is likely to give the most heterotic hybrids. Fruit length and fruit girth can be used as the criteria for selection of genotypes since they had high direct effect on yield of the plant. There is a high scope of improvement for yield through selection since there exists high variation for the character along with high heritability and genetic advance.
Genetic analysis of yield and mosaic resistance yard long bean(Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L) verde.)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2005) Lovely, B; Radha Devi, D S
Identification of maker-trait associations for yield and drought tolerance in greengram (Vigna radiata) using SSR markers
(Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2025-01-03) Amritha, K Binukumar.; Lovely, B
The study entitled “Identification of marker-trait associations for yield and drought tolerance in greengram (Vigna radiata) using SSR Markers” was conducted at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2022-2024 with an objective of assessing genetic diversity among greengram accessions for yield and drought tolerance using SSR markers to identify superior climate resilient genotypes. The research programme encompassed of three experiments. In the first experiment, drought tolerance of 50 greengram genotypes was evaluated under laboratory and pot conditions using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 treatments and controlled water stress. Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were assessed, revealing significant differences in drought tolerance indicators among the genotypes. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for all the characters studied except seedling shoot length, root-shoot ratio and total chlorophyll. Correlation and path analysis revealed strong positive relationship between root traits and proline content, emphasizing its importance in drought tolerance. The genotypes were categorized based on germination drought tolerance index and root length drought tolerant index values as highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately tolerant and tolerant. Andhra local, ML 1415, Co 8, C4 PDM 139 and VBN 5 emerged as promising candidates for drought tolerance based on both the drought tolerance indices. In Experiment II, a field trial was conducted from June to September 2024 to evaluate yield-related traits in 40 selected genotypes, using Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for various biometric and biochemical traits and significant differences were observed for all the traits. The study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits such as the number of primary branches, plant height, number of pods per plant, individual pod weight, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant, highlighting the strong potential of these genotypes for yield improvement. A significant positive correlation was shown by number of pods 178 per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, individual pod weight and hundred seed weight with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that the number of pods per plant had the highest direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by pod length, individual pod weight and hundred seed weight. The genetic divergence analysis grouped the 40 genotypes into six clusters based on biometric and biochemical traits indicating high diversity between the clusters. Cluster I, with 17 genotypes was the highest and included the identified drought-tolerant genotypes, while Clusters II, with 15 genotypes and cluster V, with 3 genotypes were characterized by high-yielding genotypes. Discriminant function analysis further validated the selection, and based on the selection index value the genotypes IPM 2057, Kozhikode local, Kayamkulam local, Co GG 912 and EC 398884 were identified as high yielding superior genotypes. In Experiment III, SSR markers were used to genotype 50 greengram accessions, with seven of ten markers revealing polymorphism. Out of the 10 markers, CEDG 014 produced highest percentage of polymorphism information content (PIC) value, while CEDG 008 produced the lowest. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient was computed utilizing the DNA banding patterns derived from the selected greengram genotypes and polymorphic SSR markers. The greengram genotypes were categorized into two distinct clusters based on their genotypic data: cluster one comprised of single genotype, cluster two included majority genotypes. The cluster 2 was again divided into 2 sub-clusters, in which the sub-cluster 2 comprises the identified drought tolerant and superior high yielding greengram genotypes. The study revealed, the genotypes, Andhra local, Co 8, ML 1415, C4 PDM 139 and VBN 5 as drought tolerant superior genotypes while, IPM 2057, Kozhikode local, Kayamkulam local, Co GG 912 and EC 398884 as high yielding superior genotypes. The genotypes Kozhikode local and Kayamkulam local were found to be moderately tolerant to drought and high yielding. The clustering of the genotypes using SSR markers also grouped them into a single cluster. The superior genotypes identified can be 179 recommended for future hybridization programmes as parents to develop a variety with high yield and drought tolerance in greengram.The research programme encompassed of three experiments. In the first experiment, drought tolerance of 50 greengram genotypes was evaluated under laboratory and pot conditions using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 treatments and controlled water stress. Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were assessed, revealing significant differences in drought tolerance indicators among the genotypes. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for all the characters studied except seedling shoot length, root-shoot ratio and total chlorophyll. Correlation and path analysis revealed strong positive relationship between root traits and proline content, emphasizing its importance in drought tolerance. The genotypes were categorized based on germination drought tolerance index and root length drought tolerant index values as highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately tolerant and tolerant. Andhra local, ML 1415, Co 8, C4 PDM 139 and VBN 5 emerged as promising candidates for drought tolerance based on both the drought tolerance indices. In Experiment II, a field trial was conducted from June to September 2024 to evaluate yield-related traits in 40 selected genotypes, using Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for various biometric and biochemical traits and significant differences were observed for all the traits. The study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for traits such as the number of primary branches, plant height, number of pods per plant, individual pod weight, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant, highlighting the strong potential of these genotypes for yield improvement. A significant positive correlation was shown by number of pods 178 per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, individual pod weight and hundred seed weight with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that the number of pods per plant had the highest direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by pod length, individual pod weight and hundred seed weight. The genetic divergence analysis grouped the 40 genotypes into six clusters based on biometric and biochemical traits indicating high diversity between the clusters. Cluster I, with 17 genotypes was the highest and included the identified drought-tolerant genotypes, while Clusters II, with 15 genotypes and cluster V, with 3 genotypes were characterized by high-yielding genotypes. Discriminant function analysis further validated the selection, and based on the selection index value the genotypes IPM 2057, Kozhikode local, Kayamkulam local, Co GG 912 and EC 398884 were identified as high yielding superior genotypes. In Experiment III, SSR markers were used to genotype 50 greengram accessions, with seven of ten markers revealing polymorphism. Out of the 10 markers, CEDG 014 produced highest percentage of polymorphism information content (PIC) value, while CEDG 008 produced the lowest. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient was computed utilizing the DNA banding patterns derived from the selected greengram genotypes and polymorphic SSR markers. The greengram genotypes were categorized into two distinct clusters based on their genotypic data: cluster one comprised of single genotype, cluster two included majority genotypes. The cluster 2 was again divided into 2 sub-clusters, in which the sub-cluster 2 comprises the identified drought tolerant and superior high yielding greengram genotypes. The study revealed, the genotypes, Andhra local, Co 8, ML 1415, C4 PDM 139 and VBN 5 as drought tolerant superior genotypes while, IPM 2057, Kozhikode local, Kayamkulam local, Co GG 912 and EC 398884 as high yielding superior genotypes. The genotypes Kozhikode local and Kayamkulam local were found to be moderately tolerant to drought and high yielding. The clustering of the genotypes using SSR markers also grouped them into a single cluster. The superior genotypes identified can be 179 recommended for future hybridization programmes as parents to develop a variety with high yield and drought tolerance in greengram.