Browsing by Author "Mary K George"

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    Biometric analysis of yield and certain yield attributes in the para rubber tree: Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg.
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1984) Markose, V C; Mary K George
    The para rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, is the commercial source of natural rubber. Introduced into the Far East in 1876, from Brazil, commercial cultivation started in India during 1902. The tree has a gestation period of six to seven years. A large number of clones have been evolved through ortet selection and through hybridisation, which show variability for different characters. The present study was undertaken to estimate (1) productivity (2) yield pattern (3) variability (4) correlations (5) effect of yield attributes (6) genetic diversity of twenty clones, and (7) early growth vigour of open pollinated seedlings of selected clones.
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    Comparative performance of f1 and parents in intervarietal crosses of rice
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Sreekumari Amma, J; Namboodiri, K M N; Mary K George
    The behaviour of six characters on direct and reciprocal hybrids of two intervarietal crosses in rice was studied along with their parents and the following conclusions were drawn. There was a clear evidence of positive heterosis in plant height. The hybrids showed increase in plant height over the two parents. All the hybrids are significantly superior to both of the parents with respect to the total number of tillers produced. With regard to the number of nodes the hybrids did not show any significant difference over the parents. In the area of flag leaf the hybrids between Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen x Annapurna manifested positive heterosis while the reciprocal hybrids showed little heterosis. As regards the area of second leaf from the tip both the hybrids were not superior over the parents. But for the character of second leaf angle the hybrids were superior to their parents with reduced leaf angle. In general hybrids were better than the parents with respect to plant height, number of tillers, area of flag leaf and leaf angle.
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    Correlation and path analysis in greengram
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1982) Prasanna Kumari, K T; Mary K George
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    Crossability studies and analysis of incompatibility in three species of capsicum
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Radhakrishnan, K P; Mercy, S T; Mary K George
    In the present study interspecific hybridization could be successfully done among 3 species of Capsicum viz., C. annuum, C. fruiteseens and C. pendutum by the technique of cross pollination after amputation of the upper part of style along with the stigma followed by application of 5% sucrose solution on cut surface of the style. Embiyological analysis of the fertilized ovaries of self and cross combinations showed that in the incompatible combinations the embryosacs degenerated indicating failure of fertilisation. Further when pollination was done on the cut surface of the amputated styles after the application of 5% sucrose solution normal embryo development could be observed as in the case of selfed ovaries.
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    Cytological studies on four inter varietal crosses of capsicum annuum
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1975) Manikantan Nair, P; Mary K George
    Cytological studies of microsporocytes in four hybrids and five parents of the varieties of Capsicum annuum were conducted. Variety local blue was taken as the seed parent. The pollen parents Included varieties, Russian, Indian long red, Chinese g-'ant and Oskosh. All the four crosses revealed pronounced heterosis as regards pollea size. Further, all the hybrids manifested the presence of ring quadrivalents, chain quadrivalents, and trivalents while the hybrid local blue x Indian long red contained univalents, pycnotic behaviour, unequal distribution and anaphase bridges. The abnormal meiotic behaviour of microsporocytes had a positive correlation on the pollen sterility and affected the ultimate fruit set.
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    Cytomorphological and chemical studies on intervarietal crosses of Capsicum annuum, L.
    (Division of Agricultural Botany, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Vellayani, 1970) Manikantan Nair, P; Mary K George
    1. The cytomorphological and chemical aspects of four F1 hybrids of crosses involving five varieties of Capsicum annuum L. were studied . The variety ' Local blue' which possessed mosaic resistance , prolific bearing habit , long life span and high pungency was selected as the common seed parent. The selected pollen parents were, Russian, Indian long red , Chinese giant and Oskosh which were gifted with a higher content of ascorbic acid and sucrose and larger fruit size , but lacking the qualities of the common seed parent. 2. All the four F1 hybrids manifested a marked degree of heterosis in many economically important attributes like , carliness in blooming, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area and chemical constituents like ascorbic acid and sucrose. 3. An intermediate condition was observed with regard to height , spread, number of fruits, fruit size and number of F2 seeds
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    Effect of 'planofix' foliar spraying on some varieties of capsicum
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1976) Chandramony, D; Mary K George
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    Effect of ethrel (2 chloro-ethyl phosphonic acid) on growth and yield of bhendi (Abelmoschus Esculentus L Moench)
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1979) Sreekumar, S G; Ramachandran Nair, N; Jayachandran, B K; Mary K George
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    Estimation of genetic parameters in green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.)
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Presanna Kumari, K T; Mary K George
    Biometric studies on fifteen divergent green gram varieties (Phaseolus aurreus Roxb. syn. Vigna radiata (L.) wilzeck.) was conducted at the College of Agriculture , Vellayani , during November- January, 1979-80, to estimate the important genetic parameters like mean, range, genotypic and phenotypic coefficientsof variation , heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain and to find out the direct and indirect contributions of various component characters on yield by path coefficient analysis. There were significant differences among the varieties for all characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation was maximum for number of branches per plant followed by 100 seed weight and minimum for days to 50 per cent flowering . High heritability estimates were observed for pod length , 100 seed weight, plant height, number of seeds per pod days to 50 per cent flowering and number of pods per plant. Genetic gain was maximum for number of branches per plant followedby 100 seed weight and minimum for days to 50 per cent flowering. The number of branches per plant 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant and pod length had high heritability and genetic gain indicating the presence of additive gene action and hence they can be relied upon in selection programmes.
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    Estimation of leaf area in greengram (Phaseolus Aureus Roxb) using linear parameters
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1978) Sreekumar, S O; Thomas, E J; Saraswathy, P; Mary K George
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    Genetic variability and correlations in cowpea Vigna Sinensis (L) savi
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1979) Sreekumar, S G; Ramachandran Nair, Y; Saraswthy, P; Mary K George; Thomas, E J
    43 different genotypes of cowpea were grown in a Randomized block design with 2 replications during Khariff 1978. The different genetic parameters viz. coefficient of Phenotypic and genotypic variation, heritability in broad sense and genetic advance were calculated. The study revealed that all the characters showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with yield. High heritability and genetic advance were noticed for 100 grain weight, yield of grain and yield of haulms. This indicate that selection based on the above characters will be very effective for the improvement of the crop.
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    Genetic variability in brinjal germplasm
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1984) Gopimony, R; Nayar, N K; Mary K George
    Genetic variability was worked out for 12 characters in brinjal germplasm of 27 varieties. Days to flower recorded ths lowest PCV and GCV indicating little scope for improvement for those characters. Percentage of fruit set showed the lowest heritability indicating a high degree of nonheritability variability. An association of high heritability and genetic advance was shown by single fruit weight, total fruit yield and equatorial diameter of fruit indicating additive gene effects.
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    Genotype environment interaction in selected hybrid lines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Ibrahim, K K; Mary K George
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    Heterosis in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1986) Manikantan Nair, P; Mary K George; Mohanakumaran, N
    An experiment was laid out in 1979 at the Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani to study the heterosis in Capsicum annum L. Nine parents and 36 F1 hybrids were compared. Eighteen economic attributes including vitamin A, vitamin C, capsaicin and oleoresin content were studied. All the characters under investigation manifested heterosis over midparental values though there was wide variation for different traits in different cross combinations. Maximum heterosis was noticed for number of primary bradches and vitamin C content. A comparison of average heterosis for various characters revealed that number of secondary branches topped the list followed by vitamin C, capsaicin content and number of primary branches. The studies identified two promising hybrids with desirable attributes namely Purple Round x Vellanotchi and Pant C1 x Purple Cluster. Negative heterosis was noticed for two important economic attributes namely number of days taken for blooming and number of seeds per fruit. For nutritive and quality characters very little expression of hybrid vigour in vitamin A content was noticed. However, there was considerable manifestation of hybrid vigour in vitamin C and oleoresin content.
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    Inheritance of fruit colour in normal and irradiated progenies of brinjal
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1980) Gopimony, R; Mary K George; Gopinathan Nair, V
    The inheritance of fruit colour in brinja! (Solarium metongena) was studied by analysing the progeny belonging to the F, M2, FjM^ and F3M generations resulting from a cross between varieties insanum and purple giant followed by gamma irradiation. The F0 phenotypic frequencies fitted very well with the dihybrid ratio indicating that the fruit colour is governed by two independently inherited genes. Three colour mutants, namely, purple, mottled green and white were induced in the F]MI generation by the irradiation. The appearance of these mutants is explained as due to independent mutations at either or both of the two genetic loci. The colour pattern in the F3M., progenies derived from the F, Mj mutants substantiates the two gene mechanism for the inheritance of fruit colour. The genotypes for the different colour types in the FL, F, and FlMl mutants have been indicated and discussed.
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    Screening brinjal varieties for wilt resistance
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1974) Gopimony, R; Mary K George
    Thirty six brinjal varieties including two wild ones were screened against bacterial wilt disease at Agricultural College, Vellayani, during 1975- 1976. Twelve varieties which were found to be disease free in the preliminary trial were subjected to artificial wilt infection under replicated trials and found that only one variety namely S. melongena var. insanum (wild brinjal) was resistant to wilt. Dipping of seedlings in fresh bacterial ooze just before transplanting was found to be equally effective in inducing the disease compared to the more complicated artificial inoculation methods.
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    Studies on heterosis and combining abilities with respect to important economic traits in Capsicum annuum, L.
    (Division of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1981) Manikantan Nair, P; Mary K George
    Sixty three varieties of Capsicum annuum representing different agroclimatic regions of the country constituted the base material of the study. Based on yield potential , adaptability and tolerance to leaf curl complex disease, thirty varieties were selected for subsequent studies. Comprehensive genetic studies including estimation of genetic parameters, cause effect relationship by path coefficient analysis, genetic divergence by Mahalanoble D2 statistic and a nine parent diallel analysis to causes the combining ability, to unravel the pattern of inheritance and also to examine the level of heterosis manifested with respect to eighteen economic characters including four nutritiveand quality attributes namely Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Capsaicin and Oleoresin content were conducted during the year 1976-79. Analysis of plot means exhibited highly significant differences among varieties except for Capsaicin content. The high degres of variability in economic attributes offers scope for recombining desirable genes from different varieties.
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    Studies on interspecific hybrids of five species of Capsicum with special reference to its qualitative and quantitative characters
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1977) Somanatha Pillai, E R; Mary K George; Mercy, S T
    Investigations on the inheritance of quantitative and qualitative characters and hetrosis among five species of Capsicum were carried out in the present study. Though crosses were made in all combinations, there was fruit setting in only ten crosses. Of these 2 crosses produced no viable seeds and in another cross, the seedlings did not survive. C anmtum as female parent failed to cross with any other species In the cross CF x CP, the embryo started normal development but collapsed in the early stage The F, hybrids exhibited heterosis for several economically desirable characters. All the hybrids showed a conspicuous reduction in the number and germination capacity of I1 ' , and I , seeds. Among the seven hybrids studied, the best economic combinations were Capsicum frutescens X C. baccatum and C. pendulum X C. microcarpum. These results indicate the possiblity of selecting desirable typss combining the economic attributes of both the parents from the segregating generations and by back crossing.
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    Studies on intervarietal hybrids of tomato
    (Division of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1975) Rema Bai, N; Mary K George
    The present investigations were carried out in College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 1974-75. Five varieties of Lycopersion esculentum viz., YRFN-3, Mech9, VF36, Walter and Local were utilised for intercrossing. Investigations on the quantitative and qualitative characters, heterosis, hybrid sterility and sucrose content of the parents and hybrids were undertaken. Though the hybridisation work was done in all combinations, there was fruit setting only in fourteen crosses. YRFN-3 as male parent failed to cross with any other varieties except with Walter. In this case though fruit setting was occurred, seeds obtained were not viable. YRFN-3 as female parent also failed to cross with any other varieties except with Local.
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    Study of varietal performance of soya beans
    (Kerala Agricultural University, 1975) Mary K George; Chandramony, D; Manikantan Nair, P