Browsing by Author "Sarada, S"

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Biodiversity of medicinal plants in oil palm plantations
(Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,vellayani, 2000) Sarada, S; Sreekandan Nair, G
Breeding yard long bean(Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for anthracnose resistance through conventional and molecular marker analysis
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture ,Vellayani, 2022-12-30) Merin Elza George; Sarada, S
The study entitled ―Breeding yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for anthracnose resistance through conventional and molecular marker analysis‖ was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, during 2019-2022. The objective of the study was to identify molecular marker(s) linked with anthracnose disease resistance in the F2 segregating population of yard long bean, using bulk segregant analysis to enable marker assisted selection along with conventional breeding. The study was undertaken in six experiments. In experiment I, 50 genotypes of vegetable cowpea collected from different parts of India, including the released varieties of SAUs and ICAR institutes were screened against the most virulent isolate of Colletotricum gloeosporioides through artificial inoculation. Among the 50 genotypes tested, VU 53, with semi-trailing growth habit was found to be highly resistant with disease severity of 3.67 ± 0.13 %. Three susceptible, high yielding long podded varieties viz., KAU Deepika, Vellayani Jyothika and Githika, selected as female parents were crossed with VU 53, the most resistant genotype as male parent for the development of three hybrids. In experiment II, two crossing blocks were laid to produce the seeds of three hybrids and their F2 progenies. The three hybrids were evaluated along with the parents under replicated trial in the main field for trailing nature, yield and quality in experiment III. Significant variation was noticed on mean performance of yard long bean parents and hybrids for most of the characters studied. Earliest flowering was observed in KAU Deepika x VU 53 (57.33 ± 0.57 days) and delayed flowering in Githika x VU 53 (71.66 ± 1.15 days). Among the hybrids, the highest pod length was recorded in KAU Deepika x VU 53 (24.50 ± 1.00 cm), while the Vellayani Jyothika x VU 53 had the maximum pod girth (2.90 ± 0.10 cm). Maximum pod weight and pods per plant was recorded in KAU Deepika x VU 53 (19.22 ± 0.58 g and 79.33 ± 0.59 respectively) among hybrids. The cross Vellayani Jyothika x VU 53 (16.55 ± 0.20 g) exhibited maximum seed weight. Among the three hybrids, KAU Deepika x VU 53 (1416.00 ± 126.09 g) recorded the highest yield per plant and was on par with Githika x VU 53 (1343.33 ± 75.06 g). Among the hybrids, KAU Deepika x VU 53 (67.85 ± 0.96 days) was significantly superior for days to harvest. The longest duration among hybrids was observed in KAU Deepika x VU 53 (126.56 ± 0.37 days) and the shortest duration was recorded in Vellayani Jyothika x VU 53 (121.31 ± 0.58 days). High heritability and genetic advance was recorded for vine length, days to first flowering, pod length, pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot, hundred seed weight and keeping quality. Yield per plant had significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with pod weight, followed by pods per plant, length of terminal leaf, seeds per pod, pod length, crop duration, keeping quality and days to harvest. Pods per plant could be considered as the most important yield trait for enhancing the yield in yard long bean because of its high, positive correlation and direct effect with yield per plant along with high heritability and genetic advance. In experiment IV, parents, three hybrids and F2 progenies were evaluated for resistance to natural incidence of C. gloeosporioides in the main field, as unreplicated trial and without any plant protection measures. All the three F1 were found to be field tolerant. Out of 175 F2 plants of the cross KAU Deepika x VU 53, 164 plants were susceptible and 11 were resistant. In the case of Vellayani Jyothika x VU 53, 175 plants were susceptible among the 187 individual F2 progenies observed. Similarly, in the cross Githika x VU 53, 188 plants were susceptible while 12 plants were found to be symptomless. The F2 progenies of the high yielding hybrid KAU Deepika x VU 53 were evaluated for resistance to C. gloeosporioides through artificial inoculation in experiment V. Out of 196 plants, 185 plants were found to be susceptible whereas 11 plants were resistant which could be utilized in marker assisted breeding programme. The segregation for anthracnose resistance in F2 plants was in the ratio 15:1 (185 susceptible plants out of 196), which suggests that the inheritance of anthracnose resistance may be controlled by two recessive genes. Bulked segregant analysis was done using the DNA from the resistant parent, susceptible parent, resistant F2 bulk and susceptible F2 bulk in experiment VI. Bulked segregant analysis with the SSR primer CLM0008 revealed a polymorphic band at ≈ 300 bp which was appeared in the resistant parent and bulk. Bulked segregant analysis with ISSR primer UBC 811 produced polymorphic bands at ≈ 1100 bp, which were present in resistant parent and resistant bulks. The identified markers linked with resistance were validated over the resistant F2 lines obtained.
Development of hybrids with bacterial wilt resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2016) Shalini, K R; Sarada, S
Efficiency of Rajphos compacted with mono-ammonium phosphate or single super phosphate for growth and yield of rice
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2003) Sunderasan Nair, C; Sreedaya, G S; Sarada, S; Bindhu, J S; Vyas, N G
Evaluation of bush dolichos bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet] for yield and quality
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Maneesha, P K; Sarada, S
Evaluation of neelayamari(indigofera tinctoria L.) for yield and glysocide content under open and shade conditions
(Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture , Vellayani, 2004) Sarada, S; Reghunath, B R
Evaluation of netted musk melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin.) for growth , yield and quality
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Shivakumara, Y B; Sarada, S
Evaluation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grafts for yield, quality and bacterial wilt resistance
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2021-12-23) Arun Jose.; Sarada, S
The project entitled “Evaluation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) grafts for yield, quality and bacterial wilt resistance” was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2019-2021 to assess the performance of different public / private sector determinate / semi-determinate hybrids as scion for grafting tomato onto the wilt resistant brinjal variety Haritha as rootstock and to evaluate the growth, yield and bacterial wilt resistance of the tomato grafts. The experiment was carried out in two parts. In part I, 20 different public/private sector determinate/semi-determinate hybrids were taken as scions. Two bacterial wilt susceptible and 2 wilt resistant hybrids were taken as control plants. KAU released bacterial wilt resistant brinjal variety Haritha was used as the rootstock for all grafts and cleft grafting was done for 20 hybrids. In part II, hardened tomato grafts and non-grafted controls were evaluated for yield, quality and bacterial wilt resistance with 24 treatments. The results of grafting experiment showed significant differences among the treatments studied. The lowest number of days taken for graft union was observed in Unito and Swaraksha (3.67 days). The highest grafting success rate was observed in Thenito, Arka Rakshak and Vijay (96.71 %). Majority of the grafted plants showed cent per cent field establishment. The results of field evaluation showed significant difference among grafted and nongrafted treatments. Plant height was the highest in the grafts of INDAM-14301 (120.33 cm), while the grafts of Mahy-Anagha recorded the highest number of primary branches per plant (7.27). Height at flowering was the lowest in the grafts of Lakshmi (27.80). The lowest node to first inflorescence was recorded by the grafts of Lakshmi (8.06), while the grafts of Lakshmi and Rasam recorded the highest crop duration (98 days). Early flowering was observed in the grafts of Mahy-701 (23.20 days); earliest days to fruit set (4.06 days) was noted in non-grafted control Naveen, while the highest flowers per cluster was recorded in the grafts of Bhagyavan (7.44). The highest number of inflorescence per plant was exhibited in the grafts of Arka Rakshak (39.00) while the highest fruit set (%) was recorded by the grafts of Megha (66.28 %). The highest number of fruits per plant was recorded in the grafts of Arka Rakshak (21.67). The highest fruit length and fruit girth was recorded by the grafts of INDAM-1320 94 (5.20 cm) and Ruchi-Gold (4.98 cm) respectively. Grafts of NS-526 recorded the highest single fruit weight, yield per plant and yield per plot (55.96g, 801.15g, and 10.63 kg respectively). All grafted treatments showed cent per cent resistance to bacterial wilt resistance and all the four controls showed bacterial wilt incidence. Susceptible control Rasto showed maximum bacterial wilt incidence (100 %) while the resistant control Arka Samrat took the minimum number of days for bacterial wilt incidence (32.81). With respect to quality characters grafts of Lakshmi recorded the highest T.S.S content (4.8 °B). Lycopene was the highest in the non-grafted control Raksha (25.71 mg 100 g-1 ), while the grafts of Sivam and Megha recorded maximum ascorbic acid content of 32.14 mg 100 g-1 . TLCV disease incidence of 48.89 per cent was observed in the grafts of INDAM-1320. The highest incidence of tobacco caterpillar was observed in the grafts of Rasam, INDAM14301 and Bhagyawan (15.56 %). Grafts of Megha recorded 11.11 per cent of Septoria leaf spot disease incidence. Yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with yield per plot, fruit weight, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, inflorescence per plant and fruit set percentage. Based on the yield, quality, bacterial wilt resistance and mean performance, the grafted plants of NS-526, Megha and Arka Rakshak on the brinjal variety Haritha as rootstock, were found superior.
Evaluation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hybrids for yield and bacterial wilt resistance
(Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Shashidhar M Sonnad; Sarada, S
Evaluation of tropical radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture , Vellayani, 2021-12-23) Muhammed Ashik Sha; Sarada, S
The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of tropical radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality” was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani from March 2021 to May 2021 to evaluate the performance of tropical radish genotypes for growth, yield, quality and low pungency. The experiment was conducted using 20 tropical radish genotypes, which was laid out in RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference for all the characters studied among the twenty genotypes. The highest plant height was observed for Sungro Purple (40.41 cm) and Chinese Pink (39.43 cm), Arka Nishant (39.34 cm) and Full Red (39.29 cm) being statistically on par with it. The genotype Early Mino recorded highest number of leaves (14.22). RS 9 (13.44) and Chinese Pink (13.44) were on par with it. The highest leaf length was recorded in Sungro Purple (33.14 cm), which was on par with Punjab Safed 2 (32.41 cm). Early Mino recorded the highest leaf breadth of 8.78 cm. Early Mino recorded the highest foliage weight at harvest (118.97 g) which was found to be on par with Sungro Purple (118.42 g), Punjab Safed 2 (115.54 g) and RS 9 (114.22 g). Pusa Chetki recorded the highest root length of 22.40 cm and Pusa Chetki Long (21.32 cm) was found to be statistically on par with it. The highest root diameter was observed for Pusa Chetki (3.44 cm) and RS 9 (3.42 cm), Thamana (3.34 cm) and Pusa Mridula (3.27 cm) were on par with it. Pusa Chetki recorded the highest root weight (126.68 g), root: shoot ratio (1.69) and yield plot-1 (7.04 kg). The genotypes Kashi Sweta and Pusa Mridula were early with a crop duration of 40 days, while Japanese White and Early Mino were late with a crop duration of 60 days. The highest T.S.S content was recorded by Thamana (4.10 °B). Sungro Purple recorded the highest reducing sugar content of 0.35%. The highest total sugar content and non reducing sugar content was recorded by Pusa Mridula (8.56 % and 8.41% respectively). Sensory evaluation revealed the overall acceptability of Pusa Chetki followed by Pusa Chetki Long over other varieties. 79 Moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) were recorded for the characters plant height, leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth and root length whereas high PCV and GCV estimates were observed for the characters foliage weight at harvest, root diameter, root weight, root: shoot ratio and yield plot-1 . High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for all the yield components, indicating additive gene action. Root weight exhibited significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with leaves per plant, root length, root diameter, root: shoot ratio and yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis of genotypes revealed that root: shoot ratio (0.846) exerted the highest positive direct effect on root weight followed by foliage weight at harvest, root diameter, root length, leaves per plant and leaf length. Selection index of the genotypes were determined based on the characters having a positive direct effect on root weight, high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean. The index score for each genotype was calculated based on six characters viz., leaves per plant, leaf length, foliage weight at harvest, root length, root diameter and root: shoot ratio. Pusa Chetki ranked first among the genotypes with a score of 298.20, followed by Pusa Chetki Long (296.28) and RS 9 (282.82). Based on the mean performance of the genotypes for various characters, sensory evaluation and selection index score, the top ranking genotypes Pusa Chetki, Pusa Chetki Long and RS 9 were found suitable for growing in summer season under Kerala conditions. List(s) this item appears in: vegetable
Evaluation of yard long bean(Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis (L.) verdcourt) hybrids under rainshelter and open conditions
(Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2017) Feba Varghese; Sarada, S
Floral induction and seed yield in amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as influenced by plant growth regulators
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture ,Vellayani, 2023-03-20) Sreelakshmi, S; Sarada, S
The project entitled "Floral induction and seed yield in amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as influenced by plant growth regulators" was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2020–2022, to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on floral induction in the amaranthus variety KAU Vaika, a short day cultivar, during non-inductive period, for seed production. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three foliar spray intervals (10 days after transplanting, 20 days after transplanting, and 30 days after transplanting) in the main plot and four growth regulators in two different concentrations consisting of eight treatments (BA at 50 and 100 ppm, GA3 at 50 and 100 ppm, TIBA at 100 and 200 ppm and Triacontanol at 50 and 100 ppm) in the subplot. Observations on vegetative, flowering, yield and seed quality characters were recorded. Foliar spray application interval at 10 days after transplanting resulted in the highest growth characters in amaranthus, such as stem girth (6.40 cm), internodal length (5.16 cm) and number of braches per plant (11.44) whereas at 20 days after transplanting the total leaf weight (493.52 g) and total stem weight (334.10 g) were highest. The foliar spray application interval at 20 days after transplanting resulted in the earliest days to first flowering (114.72 days), earliest seed maturity (161.07 days), and longest terminal panicle (24.92 cm). The yield characters like seed yield per plant of 6.65 g was highest for foliar spray at 30 days after transplanting. Significant difference could not be recorded in main plot treatments for growth characters like plant height, fresh yield, leaf to stem ratio, leaf node to first inflorescence and height at first flowering and seed quality characters like seed recovery percent, percent of chaffy seeds, percent of bold seeds, 1000 seed weight and germination percent except for the chaffy weight per plant (30.77 g), which was lowest for foliar spray at 10 days after transplanting. The highest plant height (86.27 cm), internodal length (6.44 cm) and stem weight (384.09 g) were recorded in plants treated with GA3 at 50 ppm, while the longest 128 terminal panicle (28.09 cm) was recorded with the application of GA3 at 100 ppm. Plants treated with BA at 50 ppm and 100 ppm recorded the highest leaf weight (533.61 g) and stem girth (6.84 cm), respectively. The highest number of branches per plant (13.78), earliest emergence of the first flower (70.57 days) and earliest seed maturity (116.68 days) were recorded with the application of TIBA at 100 ppm. Yield characters like yield per plant (982.26 g) were highest for plants treated with BA at 100 ppm, while the highest seed yield per plant (8.91 g) and lowest chaffy weight per plant (34.41 g) were recorded for the foliar spray treatment of triacontanol at 50 ppm. On analysing the interaction between foliar spray application interval and concentrations of growth regulators, the highest growth characters were observed on plants treated with BA or GA3, 10 days after transplanting. Growth characters like internodal length and plant height were observed the highest with the application of GA3 at 50 ppm and 100 ppm respectively at 10 days after transplanting, while the longest terminal panicle (29.50 cm) was recorded for GA3 at 100 ppm at 30 days after transplanting. The highest stem girth of 8.44 cm was recorded for BA 100 ppm, 10 days after transplanting whereas the highest leaf weight of 693.30 g was recorded for BA 100 ppm, 20 days after transplanting. TIBA at 100 ppm, 20 days after transplanting recorded the earliest flowering (52.60 days) and seed maturity (97.94 days) while TIBA 100 ppm, 10 days after transplanting recorded the highest number of branches per plant (17.60). Yield characters like yield per plant (1115.22 g) was recorded the highest for BA 100 ppm, 20 days after transplanting while seed yield per plant (10.54 g) was the highest for triacontanol 50 ppm, 30 days after transplanting. Significant interaction could not be observed for seed quality characters except for the chaffy weight per plant (28.60 g), which was the lowest for TIBA 200 ppm, 10 days after transplanting. The results of this experiment suggested that tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and triacontanol have the capacity to trigger off-season flowering in the amaranthus variety KAU Vaika. Application of TIBA and GA3 at 100 ppm, 20 days after transplanting could potentially cause early flowering, whereas the application of Triacontanol at 50 ppm, 30 days after transplanting resulted in the highest seed yield per plant.
Generation mean analysis in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for yield and quality
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Merin Elza George; Sarada, S
Generation mean analysis in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for yield and mosaic resistance
(Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2024-02-13) Airina, C K.; KAU; Sarada, S
The present study ‘Generation mean analysis in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for yield and mosaic resistance ' was undertaken at the department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2017-2019 and at Pepper Research Station, Panniyur, Kannur during 2022-23 to develop high yielding and mosaic resistant yard long bean hybrids and to study the inheritance and gene action of yield and mosaic resistance using generation mean analysis. Seventy six cowpea genotypes were screened against the blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) to ascertain the disease reaction of the genotypes by artificial inoculation under pot culture method. Based on the extent of symptoms and vulnerability index (VI), three genotypes were found highly resistant, 11 genotypes showed resistant response, 13 genotypes were moderately resistant, 10 genotypes moderately susceptible, 20 genotypes susceptible and remaining 18 genotypes showed a highly susceptible reaction. The genotypes Manjari, VU-7 and EC-18734 were highly resistant to BlCMV. Five high yielding yard long bean genotypes viz; Vellayani Jyothika, Vyjayanthi, Geethika, KAU Deepika, and KAU Mithra which gave a susceptible response were selected as lines and three genotypes, viz. Manjari, VU-7 and EC-18734, which gave an immune response as testers for the development of 15 hybrids in a line x tester fashion. The hybrids and their eight parents were raised with a standard variety Lola and resistant check Manjari in a randomized block design with three replications in open field in Rabi 2022 and were tested for 19 yield characters and mosaic resistance. The mean squares due to parents were highly significant for all the characters, while for hybrids significant difference was observed for all the characters except pod girth and yield per plot. The PCV values for all the characters were found to be higher than the GCV values but in smaller magnitude, which implied a lesser influence of environmental factors for these characters. The PCV and GCV values ranged from 3.31 to 52.80 and 2.06 to 51.68, respectively. Heritability estimates expressed in percentage ranged from 26.00 % to 97.80 % and estimates of genetic advance ranged from 2.63 to 104. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher in magnitude than that of phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits under study, which clearly indicated the presence of inherent association among various characters. For yield per plant, significant positive correlation was estimated with vine length, pod length and pod weight, whereas significant negative correlation with branches per plant, days to first flowering and days to harvest. Significant GCA effects were recorded for all the characters except pod girth. Among the lines, KAU Deepika showed good general combining ability for days to first flowering, pod length, pod weight, 100 seed weight, yield per plant, yield per plot, days to harvest and keeping quality and among the testers, Manjari exhibited good GCA effect for vine length, pod length, pod weight, seeds per pod, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot and keeping quality. Significant SCA effects were observed for 13 quantitative characters viz; vine length, primary branches per plant, terminal leaf length, terminal leaf width, lateral leaf length, lateral leaf width, days to first flowering, pod length, pod weight, 100 seed weight, and days to harvest, pod protein and keeping quality. Vyjayanthi x EC 18734, KAU Deepika x Manjari and KAU Mithra x Manjari were good specific combiners for pod weight and Vellayani Jyothika x EC 18734, Vyjayanthi x EC 18734, Githika x VU7 and KAU Deepika x Manjari for 100 seed weight. Desirable significant standard heterosis has been identified for 12 characters studied viz; no. of branches per plant, terminal leaf width, lateral leaf width, days to first flowering, days to harvest, pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot, 100 seed weight, pod protein content and keeping quality. The crosses KAU Deepika x Manjari and KAU Mithra x Manjari registered significant positive heterosis over mid, better, and standard parents for pod yield and high mid-parent heterosis and standard heterosis for pods per plant. The highest magnitude of standard heterosis was identified for pods per plant (101.14 %), followed by yield per plant (75.30 %). Besides the heterotic potential, the hybrid KAU Mithra x Manjari, KAU Deepika x Manjari and Githika x Manjari were resistant to mosaic disease. In field evaluation during Rabi 2022, among the three testers, Manjari alone exhibited an immune response (VI-0.00) for mosaic disease. Other major pests and diseases observed in the field were pod borer, pod bug, fusarium wilt and anthracnose. The three crosses Githika x Manjari, KAU Deepika x Manjari and KAU Mithra x Manjari were selected and six generations i.e. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of each cross were evaluated under open field conditions to study the inheritance and gene action of mosaic resistance and yield parameters. For mosaic resistance, the scaling tests were non-significant which implied that additive-dominance model was adequate in Cross I and II, while dominance x dominance epistasis was prominent in cross III. Predominance of dominant gene action was noticed in cross II and III for yield per plant, while dominance x dominance (l) action in cross I. Duplicate type of epistasis was also observed in cross I and III for the trait. Epistatic interactions were observed for all the characters, except vine length and number of branches per plant in cross I (Githika x Manjari), additive x dominance being prominent in most of the traits. Predominance of dominant gene or dominance x dominance (l) interaction was noticed in majority of the traits in cross II ( KAU Deepika x Manjari). Significance of both additive x additive (i) component and dominance x dominance component or either one of the component was identified for the inheritance of yield traits in cross III (KAU Mithra x Manjari). Duplicate type of epistasis was revealed for eleven characters viz; vine length, terminal leaf length, lateral leaf length, days to flowering, pod girth, pod weight, hundred seed weight, yield per plant, crop duration, protein content and keeping quality, of which eight were present in cross II. The yard long bean hybrid KAU Deepika x Manjari, with good general combining ability for yield characters, high heterotic potential, high yield and mosaic resistance was identified as the best cross from the study.
Nutrient profiling of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] genotypes
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2025) Chougule Shraddha Dileep.; Sarada, S
The present investigation entitled “Nutrient profiling of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] genotypes” was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2022- 2024. The study aimed to analyze the nutrient composition in green pods of cluster bean genotypes and to identify the best genotype based on nutrient content. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications comprising of twenty genotypes of cluster bean. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference across all the characters studied among the twenty cluster bean genotypes. The highest pod length, pod girth and pod weight was recorded in VRCB-10 (14.65 cm, 3.45 cm and 5.47 g respectively). IC-11463 was statistically on par with VRCB-10 for pod girth (3.40 cm). The highest number of pods per plant was recorded in IC-39986 (245.32). The highest yield per plant and yield per plot was recorded in KAU Suruchi (384.42 g and 7.72 kg), being on par with IC-39986 (376.36 g and 7.71 kg). The maximum crop duration was recorded in KAU Suruchi (152.50 days), which was statistically on par with IC-11463 (150 days) and IC-39986 (147.50 days). The maximum shelf life was recorded in IC-39980 (4.21 days). The highest moisture content of 86.49% was recorded in VRCB-10, which was statistically on par with IC-11463 (85.66 %) and GP-4 (85.49 %). The highest fat content of 2.62 % was recorded in Sikar. The highest carbohydrate content of 89% was recorded in IC-11463, being on par with IC-39981 (87%). VRCB-57 recorded the highest ash content of 7.77%. The highest crude fibre content of 15.71% was observed in IC-39984. The highest crude protein content of 22.78 % was recorded in VRCB-87, which was statistically on par with GP-8 (21.84 %), VRCB-10 (21.81 %) and IC-11463 (21.68 %). GP-4 recorded the highest β-carotene content of 59.50 μg 100 g-1. The highest vitamin B1 content was recorded in Pusa Navbahar (0.57 mg 100 g-1), which was statistically on par with KAU Suruchi (0.53 mg 100 g-1) and VRCB-10 (0.52 mg 100 g-1). 92 160 The highest vitamin B2 content was recorded in Pusa Navbahar (0.40 mg 100 g-1), which was statistically on par with VRCB-87 (0.38 mg 100 g-1) and GP-20 (0.36 mg 100 g-1). The highest vitamin B3 content of 8.22 mg 100 g-1 was recorded in KAU Suruchi, being on par with IC-39985 (8.14 mg 100 g-1). Pusa Navbahar (50.07 mg 100 g-1) recorded the highest amount of vitamin C content. The highest potassium content of 1.95% was recorded in VRCB-10 and KAU Suruchi. The highest phosphorus content of 0.20 % was recorded in IC-39983. IC-39981 (0.25 %) recorded the highest sodium content. The highest calcium content was recorded in IC-39980 (1.60 %). The highest magnesium content was recorded in GP-14 (1.69 %), which was statistically on par with GP-4 and VRCB-47 (1.68 %). GP-12 recorded the highest iron content of 503.50 ppm. The highest zinc content was recorded in IC-39981 (52.50 ppm). The lowest phytic acid content of 2165 mg 100 g-1 was recorded in IC-39983 and IC-11463. The lowest tannin content was recorded in GP-4 (119.58 mg 100 g-1), which was statistically on par with GP-20 (120.79 mg 100 g-1) and GP-19 (123.09 mg 100 g-1). Among the twenty cluster bean genotypes, VRCB-10 ranked first for appearance (8.91), texture (8.91) and overall acceptability (8.65). The highest mean score for the parameter colour (8.87) was observed in Pusa Navbahar. The highest mean score for flavour (8.79) and taste (8.89) was recorded in IC-11463. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for pod length, pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot, fat, vitamin B2, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and tannin. High heritability estimate was observed for all characters except sodium, i.e. pod length, pod girth, pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot, crop duration, shelf life, moisture content, fat, carbohydrate, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, β-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phytic acid and tannin. High genetic advance values were recorded for several traits, including pod length, 161 pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, yield per plot, crop duration, shelf life, fat, carbohydrate, ash, β-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and tannin. Cluster bean genotypes were evaluated and ranked based on selection index score across 11 characteristics viz., carbohydrate, crude fibre, crude protein, β-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, potassium, calcium, iron and phytic acid. IC-11463 received the highest rank with a score of -1599.790, followed by IC-39983 (-1639.237) and Pusa Navbahar (-1716.217). Selection index was also calculated based on vitamin content, including β-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, and vitamin C. KAU Suruchi ranked first with a score of 112.906, followed by Pusa Navbahar (107.798) and GP-4 (105.598). Selection index was also calculated based on mineral content (potassium, phosphorus, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc). GP-12 ranked first with a score of 550.634, followed by Pusa Navbahar (528.024) and IC-39981 (414.179).
Performance of beet root (Beta vulgaris L) for growth yield and quality
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Arya, P J; Sarada, S
The present investigation entitled “Performance of beet root (Beta vulgaris L.) for growth, yield and quality” was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during October 2019 - February 2020 to evaluate the adaptability of beet root in Kerala based on growth, yield and quality. The experimental material consisted of 30 beet root genotypes, including twenty two varieties and eight hybrids. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the twenty two varieties and the eight hybrids for all the characters studied. Among the varieties, Tetra recorded the highest plant height of 38.32 cm and among hybrids, Ragini was the tallest (31.07 cm) and Remo (30.77 cm) was on par with it. The variety Ruby Queen (Pradham Seeds) recorded the highest number of leaves (13.45). BV 21 (12.96) and Tetra (12.65) were on par with it. Among hybrids, Remo (9.79) recorded the highest number of leaves, Red Star (Sakura) (9.70) was on par with it. Madhur recorded the highest root length of 7.43 cm among varieties and Red Star (Sakura) (7.41 cm) among hybrids. The variety Madhur recorded the highest root diameter of 5.33 cm and Ruby Queen (Tokita) (5.25 cm), Detroit Dark Red (5.16 cm) and Mahyco Lal ӀІ (5.15 cm) were statistically on par with it. The hybrid Red Star (Sakura) recorded the highest root diameter of 5.50 cm, which was on par with Ragini (5.32 cm). Among varieties, Madhur recorded the highest root weight (118.05 g), root: shoot ratio (4.42) and yield per plot (5.68 kg) and among hybrids, Red Star (Sakura) recorded the highest root weight (91.27 g), root: shoot ratio (3.61) and yield per plot (4.27 kg). The varieties, Madhur, Tetra and Ruby Queen (Tokita) were early with a crop duration of 96 days, while the hybrids, Red Star (Sakura), Red Horse and RK 777 were early with a crop duration of 98 days. T.S.S content was the highest for the variety K 5340 (15.70 0B) and hybrid RK 777 (14.50 0B). The highest carotenoid content was recorded for Mahyco Lal II among varieties (1.50 mg 100g-1) and Red Horse among hybrids (1.74 mg 100g-1). Madhur recorded the highest total sugars (6.45 %) and non reducing sugars (6.03 %) among varieties, while Red Star (Sakura) among hybrids (6.50 % and 6.04 % respectively). Among varieties Crimson Globe recorded the highest reducing sugars (1.00 %) and RK 777 (1.00 %) among hybrids. Sensory evaluation revealed the superiority of the variety Madhur and the hybrid Red Star (Sakura) for appearance, colour, taste and overall acceptability over other varieties and hybrids. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) were observed for the characters leaf breadth, foliage weight, root weight, root: shoot ratio and yield per plot of varieties. For hybrids, high PCV and GCV was observed for root length, root weight, root: shoot ratio and yield per plot. For both varieties and hybrids, high estimates of heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for all the yield components, indicating additive gene action. Root weight had a significant positive correlation at genotypic and phenotypic level with leaf breadth, root length, root diameter, root: shoot ratio and yield per plot, both for varieties and hybrids. Path coefficient analysis of varieties revealed that root: shoot ratio (0.687) exerted the highest positive direct effect on root weight followed by root length, foliage weight, plant height and root diameter. Root diameter (3.094) exerted a maximum direct effect on root weight of hybrids followed by root: shoot ratio, leaf breadth, leaves per plant and leaf length. The varieties were ranked based on selection index score considering the characters viz., plant height, foliage weight, root diameter, root length, root weight and root: shoot ratio. Madhur recorded the highest selection index score of 192.52. The hybrids were ranked based on selection index score considering the characters viz. leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, root diameter, root weight and root: shoot ratio and Red Star (Sakura) recorded the highest score of 148.90. Based on the mean performance of the varieties and the hybrids for various characters and selection index score, the top ranking varieties Madhur, Tetra, Mahyco Lal ІІ and Ruby Queen (Tokita) and the hybrids Red Star (Sakura), Ragini, Red Horse and F 1 Kingdom were found suitable for growing under Kerala conditions.
Quantification of medicinally valuable weeds in oil palm plantations of Kerala
(Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, 2002) Sarada, S; Sreekandan Nair, G; Reghunath, B R
The medicinally valuable weeds naturally growing in young, medium and mature plantations of oil palm were identified and quantified by stratified random sampling technique. Quantification of plants was done in comparison with that in the open condition. Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. dominates in all the four strata. Naregamia alata Wight & Arn. is another dominant species in mature plantation. Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. occurs frequently in all the four strata. Another frequently occurring species in young oil palm plantation is Elephantopus scaber Linn, and in medium plantations is Chromolaena odorata King & Robinson. Phyllanthus amarus Schum.& Thonn. is very frequent in medium plantation and open condition. Holostemma adakodien Schult occurs frequently in mature plantation. Young oil palm plantation and open condition were found to be the most similar strata whereas mature plantation and open condition were the most dissimilar strata in vegetation pair-wise analysis. Medium oil palm plantation was found to have high concentration of dominance. Species diversity was the highest in mature oil palm plantation. Species evenness was maximum in open condition.
Standardisation of micropropagation technique in ivygourd (Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt.) variety sulabha
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Thasni, A; Sarada, S
Standardization of spacing and evaluation of nano nitrogen for yield and quality of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture,Vellayani, 2024-03-02) Hrudya Ann Joy.; Sarada, S
The study entitled “Standardization of spacing and evaluation of nano nitrogen for yield and quality of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]” was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2021 - 2023. The objective of the study was to optimize the spacing and foliar application of nano nitrogen in cluster bean variety KAU Suruchi for enhancing yield and quality. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments consisted of six spacings (S1 - 45 cm x 20 cm, S2 - 45 cm x 30 cm, S3 - 45 cm x 45 cm, S4 - 60 cm x 20 cm, S5 - 60 cm x 30 cm and S6 - 60 cm x 45 cm) in the main plot and four levels of nitrogen (i.e. N1 - soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen, N2 - soil application of ½ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen, N3 - soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4% foliar spray of nano nitrogen and N4 – control) in the subplot. Observations on growth, yield, quality and microbial characters were recorded. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among all characters except internodal length, node to first inflorescence, pod girth, shelf life and total sugar. The plant spacing of 60 cm x 45 cm (S6) and soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) individually and in combination recorded the highest growth characters such as plant height, leaves per plant, nodes per plant and leaf area at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and 120 DAS. The earliest flowering was observed in 60 cm x 20 cm spacing (S4) (25.37 days), which was on par with 45 cm x 20 cm (S1) (25.42 days), 45 cm x 30 cm (S2) (25.48 days) and 45 cm x 45 cm (S3) (25.54 days), and in soil application of ½ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N2) (24.67 days), which was on par with control (N4) (24.81 days) and in combination, in S4N2, ie. 24.33 days, which was on par with S1N2 (24.67 days), S1N4 (24.42 days), S2N2 (24.67 days), S3N2 (24.59 days), S5N4 (24.83 days), S6N2 (24.84 days) and S6N4 (24.67 days). 119 The plants spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm (S5) recorded the longest pod of 13.44 cm, which was on par with 60 cm x 45 cm (S6) (13.25 cm). Soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N3) recorded the longest pod, measuring 12.74 cm, which was on par with soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) (12.65 cm). Among interactions, S5N3 exhibited the longest pod of 13.90 cm, which was on par with S5N1 (13.41 cm), S5N2 (13.59 cm) and S6N3 (13.85 cm). 60 cm x 30 cm spacing (S5) and soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N3) exhibited the highest pod weight of 5.50 g and 5.07 g respectively. The treatment combination S5N3 recorded the highest pod weight of 5.80 g, which was on par with S5N2 (5.69 g) and S6N3 (5.67 g). The highest number of pods per plant was recorded in 60 cm x 45 cm spacing (S6) (134.16), which was on par with 60 cm x 30 cm (S5) (134.09). Soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N3) exhibited the highest number of pods per plant (116.29), which was on par with soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) (113.22). Among the different treatment combinations, the highest number of pods per plant of 148.38 was recorded in S6N3 which was on par with S5N3 (148.07), while the highest number of pods per cluster of 10.83 was recorded in S4N3, which was on par with S5N1 (10.51) and S5N3 (10.76). The highest yield per plant and yield per plot was recorded in 60 cm x 30 cm spacing (S5) (423.81 g and 8.48 kg respectively), which was on par with 60 cm x 45 cm (S6) (420.08 g and 8.40 kg respectively). Soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) recorded the highest yield per plant and yield per plot of 384.78 g and 7.70 kg respectively, which was on par with soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N3) (383.74 g and 7.68 kg respectively). The treatment combination of S5N3 recorded the highest yield per plant of 452.63 g and yield per plot of 9.05 kg. The maximum number of harvests and the earliest harvest was observed in 45 cm x 20 cm (S1) which was on par with 45 cm x 30 cm (S2), 45 cm x 45 cm (S3) and 60 cm x 20 cm (S4). The earliest harvest was observed in soil application of ½ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N2) which was on par with control (N4). Among the treatment combinations, S6N2 120 recorded the highest number of harvests which was on par with S1N2, S1N4, S2N4, S3N2, S3N4 and S4N3. The maximum number of seeds per pod was recorded in 60 cm x 30 cm spacing (S5) (9.55), which was on par with 60 cm x 45 cm (S6) (9.38). Soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N3) recorded the highest number of seeds per pod (9.62). Among different interactions, S5N3 recorded the maximum number of seeds per pod (10.02), which was on par with S6N3 (9.76), S5N2 (9.71) and S4N3 (9.71), while S4N3 recorded the highest value of 4.56 g for 100 seed weight which was on par with S1N3, S2N3, S3N2, S4N2 and S4N4 (4.56 g, 4.51 g, 4.49 g, 4.50 g and 4.44 g respectively). The treatment combination S6N4 recorded the highest ascorbic acid content of 48.99 mg 100 g-1, which was on par with S5N4 (48.45 mg 100 g-1) and S6N2 (48.30 mg 100 g-1). The plant spacing of 60 cm x 45 cm (S6), soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) and their interaction recorded the highest crude protein content (26.37 %, 24.92 % and 27.92 % respectively), while S6N2 recorded the highest crude fibre content of 43.62 %, which was on par with S3N4 (43.28 %), S4N2 (42.98 %), S4N4 (43.26 %), S5N3 (43.46 %), S5N4 (43.02 %) and S6N4 (43.50 %). Among the interaction treatments, S6N4 recorded the more bacterial population (8.15 log cfu g-1), which was on par with S2N4 (8.14 log cfu g-1). The plant spacing of 45 cm x 20 cm (S1), soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) and their interaction recorded the maximum fungal population (6.56 log cfu g-1, 6.53 log cfu g-1 and 6.80 log cfu g-1 respectively). The actinomycetes count was maximum in the rhizosphere soil of plants spaced at 45 cm x 45 cm (S3) and soil application of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N1) (6.61 log cfu g-1 and 6.54 log cfu g-1) and their combination (S3N1) (6.77 log cfu g-1). Soil application of ½ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen (N2) recorded the highest number of root nodules and effective root nodules per plant (17.17 and 14.67 respectively). Among the treatment combinations, S5N4 recorded the highest number of root nodules and effective root nodules per plant (27.25 and 24.75 respectively). 121 The results of this experiment suggests that plant spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm and soil application of ¾ dose of RDN + 0.4 % foliar spray of nano nitrogen is the best treatment combination for high yield and quality in cluster bean cultivation.
Standardization of spacing and fertilizer recommendation for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties in AEU 8
(Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2024-03-02) Sreelakshmi, S; Sarada, S